Sherrod Brown

Early life, education, and academic career

Sherrod Brown was born in Mansfield, Ohio, on November 9, 1952, the son of Emily () and Charles Gailey Brown, M.D. He has Scottish, Irish, German, and English ancestry, and was named after his maternal grandfather. He is one of three brothers. Brown's other brother, Robert, was an attorney and graduate of Harvard Law School. Brown became an Eagle Scout in 1967; his badge was presented by John Glenn. In 1970, he graduated from Mansfield Senior High School.

In 1974, Brown received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Russian studies from Yale University. While at Yale, he lived in Davenport College, and he campaigned for George McGovern during the 1972 presidential election. He went on to receive a Master of Arts degree in education and a Master of Public Administration degree from the Ohio State University at Columbus in 1979 and 1981, respectively. He taught at Ohio State University's Mansfield branch campus from 1979 to 1981.

Early political career

During his senior year in college, Brown was recruited by a local Democratic leader to run for Ohio's state house. Brown served as a state representative in Ohio from 1974 to 1982. At the time of his election to the Ohio House, he was the youngest person elected to that body. In 1982 Brown ran for Ohio secretary of state to succeed Anthony J. Celebrezze Jr. He won a four-way Democratic primary that included Dennis Kucinich, and then defeated Republican Virgil Brown in the general election. In 1986 Brown was reelected, defeating Vincent C. Campanella. As Secretary of State, Brown focused on voter registration outreach. In 1990 he lost reelection in a heated campaign against Republican Bob Taft, the future governor of Ohio and great-grandson of President William Howard Taft.

U.S. House of Representatives

1992 election

In 1992, Brown moved from Mansfield to Lorain, Ohio, and won a heavily contested Democratic primary for the open seat for Ohio's 13th district, in the western and southern suburbs of Cleveland, after eight-term incumbent Don Pease announced his retirement. The Democratic-leaning district gave him an easy win over the little-known Republican Margaret R. Mueller. He was reelected six times.

Tenure

The Democrats lost their long-held House majority in the 1994 elections, and stayed in the minority for the remainder of Brown's tenure. As ranking member of the Energy and Commerce Health subcommittee, Brown successfully advocated for increased funding to fight tuberculosis.

In 2005, Brown led the Democratic effort to block the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). For many months, Brown worked as whip on the issue, securing Democratic "nay" votes and seeking Republican allies. After several delays, the House of Representatives finally voted on CAFTA after midnight on July 28, passing it by one vote.

Brown opposed an amendment to Ohio's constitution that banned same-sex marriage. He was also one of the few U.S. representatives to vote against the Defense of Marriage Act in 1996.

Committee assignments

Brown was the ranking minority member on the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Health Subcommittee. He also served on the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet and the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection. While serving on the House International Relations Committee, he was also a member of the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific.

U.S. Senate

Elections

2006

Main article: 2006 United States Senate election in Ohio

In August 2005, Brown announced he would not run for the United States Senate seat held by two-term Republican incumbent Mike DeWine, but in October he reconsidered his decision. His announcement came shortly after Democrat Paul Hackett stated that he would soon announce his candidacy. In February 2006, Hackett withdrew from the race, all but ensuring that Brown would win the Democratic nomination. In the May primary Brown won 78.05% of the Democratic vote. His opponent, Merrill Samuel Keiser Jr., received 21.95%.

In April 2006, Brown, along with John Conyers, brought an action against George W. Bush and others, alleging violations of the Constitution in the passage of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. The case, Conyers v. Bush, was ultimately dismissed for lack of standing.

On November 7, 2006, Brown defeated DeWine, 56.2% to 43.8%.

2012

Main article: 2012 United States Senate election in Ohio

Brown ran for reelection in 2012, facing opponent Josh Mandel, who in 2010 defeated the incumbent state treasurer by 14 points. Mandel raised $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2011 alone, to Brown's $1.5 million. Early on Brown enjoyed a steady lead in the polls. Mandel won the March Republican primary with 63% of the vote.

The Washington Post reported that no candidate running for reelection (save Barack Obama) faced more opposition from outside groups in 2012 than Brown did. By April 2012, $5.1 million had been spent on television ads opposing him, according to data provided by a Senate Democratic campaign operative. The United States Chamber of Commerce spent $2.7 million. 60 Plus Association, a conservative group that opposes health care reform, spent another $1.4 million. Karl Rove's Crossroads GPS and the Concerned Women for America Legislative Action Committee also spent heavily in the race. In May 2012, Brown campaigned with The West Wing actor Martin Sheen.

On November 6, 2012, Brown held his seat, winning 50.7% of the vote to Mandel's 44.7%. Independent candidate Scott Rupert received 4.6% of the vote.

2018

Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in Ohio

In 2018 Brown was reelected to a third Senate term, defeating Republican U.S. representative Jim Renacci 53.4% to 46.6%.

2024

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Ohio

In 2024, Brown ran unopposed in the Democratic primary and in the general election faced the Republican nominee, businessman Bernie Moreno. Brown lost by 206,434 votes and earned 46.5% of the vote, to Moreno's 50.1%. Moreno's victory contributed to a Republican Senate majority in the 119th United States Congress.

2026

Main article: 2026 United States Senate special election in Ohio

In August 2025, Brown announced his campaign for Ohio's Class III Senate seat in the 2026 special election to finish the term of Vice President JD Vance.

Tenure

Brown is a staunch critic of free trade and has taken progressive stances on financial issues. He has pushed for the Democratic Party to adopt a more populist approach, focusing on issues affecting working-class Americans. He was appointed co-chair of the Joint Multiemployer Pension Solvency Committee in 2018.

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Brown proposed a bill that would let workers immediately receive paid sick days, allowing them to stay home and self-quarantine if feeling sick or in the event of any public health emergency. Brown argued this would help slow the spread of the virus in workplaces. He criticized Republicans for blocking the proposal but thought that the House would pass similar measures.

After President Donald Trump was impeached in December 2019, Brown voted to remove him from office. During the January 2020 impeachment trial, he supported Republicans bringing witnesses to testify, so long as testimony from witnesses such as National Security Advisor John Bolton was also allowed.

Brown pushed for legislation in 2020 that would require the EPA to more strictly regulate perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. He and other Democrats voted also to block two pieces of anti-abortion legislation.

Brown pushed Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin in 2021 to establish the National Advanced Air Mobility Center of Excellence in Ohio.

He called in July 2024 for Joe Biden to withdraw from the 2024 United States presidential election.

Committee assignments (118th Congress)

• Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
  • Subcommittee on Food and Nutrition, Specialty Crops, Organics, and Research
  • Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, Poultry, Local Food Systems, and Food Safety and Security
• Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs (chair)
• Committee on Finance
  • Subcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness
  • Subcommittee on Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy (chair)
• Committee on Veterans' Affairs

Caucus memberships

• Senate Taiwan Caucus

Post-Senate

Since his defeat in the 2024 United States Senate election in Ohio and the end of his tenure as Senator, Brown has returned to civilian life. In his farewell speech, he promised to remain active in public life, and stated his departure was "not [...] the last time you will hear from me."

In January 2025, Harvard Kennedy School announced that Brown would be a Spring 2025 Visiting Fellow, and in March 2025, he launched the Dignity of Work Institute. Brown wrote an op-ed in The New Republic in March 2025, claiming that "Democrats Must Become the Workers' Party Again" and a guest essay in The New York Times entitled "What Worries Me Most About Trump’s Failing Economy" in April.

On August 12, 2025, it was reported that Brown would run in the 2026 United States Senate special election in Ohio, likely challenging Republican incumbent Jon Husted. He officially announced his candidacy on August 18, 2025.

Potential national campaigns

Despite being one of Vermont senator Bernie Sanders's closest allies in the U.S. Senate, Brown nevertheless endorsed former secretary of state Hillary Clinton and campaigned for her in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary in Ohio. He was vetted as a potential vice-presidential running mate for Clinton. The choice came down to Brown and Virginia senator Tim Kaine, who was ultimately selected. Brown had the distinct disadvantage that had Clinton won, Ohio's Republican governor John Kasich would have chosen Brown's replacement in the Senate, whereas Kaine's replacement would be chosen by Democrat and Clinton ally Virginia governor Terry McAuliffe.

The Washington Monthly suggested in 2017 that Brown could unite the establishment and progressive wings of the Democratic Party as a presidential candidate in 2020. Cleveland.com reported in 2018 that he was "seriously" considering a presidential run. After winning his third Senate term in the 2018 election, he was considered a potential candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020 and began exploring a run in January 2019. He announced in March that he would not run for president and would instead remain a senator. During the 2016 campaign season, he also said he had no interest in being vice president.

Political positions

In the 2011 National Journal annual rankings, Brown tied with eight other members for the title of the most liberal member of Congress. According to FiveThirtyEight, he voted with President Donald Trump's position on Congressional issues 25.8% of the time. During the 117th Congress, he voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 98% of the time.

In a 2017 issue of Dissent, Michael Kazin introduced an interview with Brown by praising him as "a politician ahead of his time" and "perhaps the most class-conscious Democrat in Washington." Brown told Kazin that many Ohioans think "people on the coasts look down on them" and blamed this notion on Fox News and The Wall Street Journal.

Education

Brown introduced the Charter School Accountability Act of 2015. The bill did not make it out of committee.

He praised West Virginia teachers who held a nine-day strike in early 2018.

Energy and environment

Brown co-sponsored the Responsible Electronics Recycling Act in 2012, a bill that would prohibit the export of some electronics for environmental reasons.

In the wake of the Flint water crisis, Brown announced plans to introduce legislation to force the federal government to step in when cities and states fail to warn residents about lead-contaminated drinking water. He called for the federal government to give Ohio's school districts money to test for lead in drinking water.

Health care

Brown supported the Affordable Care Act, voting for it in 2009. He also voted for the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.

Brown co-sponsored the single-payer Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act in 2006. He did not co-sponsor Senator Bernie Sanders's single-payer health plan, despite saying he has "always been supportive" of such a system. Brown said he was supporting his own plan, which would allow people 55 and older to buy into Medicare.

Brown was one of six Democratic senators to introduce the American Miners Act of 2019, a bill to amend the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 to swap funds in excess of the amount needed to meet existing obligations under the Abandoned Mine Land fund to the 1974 Pension Plan as part of an effort to prevent its insolvency as a result of coal company bankruptcies and the 2008 financial crisis. It also increased the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund tax and ensured that miners affected by the 2018 coal company bankruptcies would not lose their health insurance.

Housing

In July 2023, Brown was among a group of Democratic senators to introduce the Stop Predatory Investing Act to ban corporate investors that buy up more than 50 single-family homes from deducting interest or depreciation on those properties. In March 2024, Brown introduced the Yes in God's Backyard Act, a bill that would provide assistance to religious institutions aiming to build housing on their land.

LGBTQ rights

Brown voted against prohibiting same-sex couples from adopting children in Washington, D.C., He received a 100% score from the Human Rights Campaign in 2005–2006, indicating a pro-gay rights stance. He voted in favor of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010.

Brown was one of 20 senators to sign a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in 2018 urging him to reverse the rolling back of a policy that granted visas to same-sex partners of LGBTQ diplomats who had unions that were not recognized by their home countries, writing that too many places around the world have seen LGBTQ individuals "subjected to discrimination and unspeakable violence, and receive little or no protection from the law or local authorities" and that refusing to let LGBTQ diplomats bring their partners to the US would be equivalent of upholding "the discriminatory policies of many countries around the world."

In 2022, Brown voted for the Respect for Marriage Act, a piece of which codified same-sex marriage rights into federal law.

Veterans

Brown sponsored the Gold Star Fathers Act of 2014, a bill that would expand preferred eligibility for federal jobs to the fathers of certain permanently disabled or deceased veterans.

Brown and Representative Tim Ryan introduced legislation in 2015 that would give military veterans priority in scheduling classes in colleges, universities, and other post-secondary education programs.

Banking and finance industry

After the leak of the Panama Papers in 2016, Brown and Elizabeth Warren urged the Treasury Department to investigate whether U.S. citizens were involved in possible tax avoidance and misconduct associated with the Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca.

Brown became the chair of the Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy in 2021, after having been its ranking Democratic member since 2015. In April of that year, he initiated an inquiry into "the implosion of Archegos Capital", an investment firm that lost billions of dollars amid accusations of fraud and insider trading.

Campaign finance

Brown has sponsored legislation to require corporate political action committees (PACs) to disclose their donors. When he was considering running for president in 2020, he pledged not to take donations from corporate PACs. He received $10.4 million in PAC money from 1997 to 2018. After not running for president, his Senate campaign committee and leadership PAC raised $1 million in corporate PAC donations. Some of the corporate PAC money Brown received came from health insurance and pharmaceutical companies that the state of Ohio sued for illegally driving up drug prices.

Taxation and stimulus spending

Brown's opposition to the 2017 tax bill led to what was described as a "shouting match" with Senator Orrin Hatch, who accused Brown of "spouting off" to the effect that the tax bill benefited the rich.

Vice President Mike Pence criticized Brown for his 2018 vote against the Republican tax bill (the TCJA). Brown argued the bill overwhelmingly benefited wealthy individuals and corporations, with a much smaller impact on the middle class.

Brown voted for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

Trade

Brown has criticized free trade with China and other countries. In a 2006 Washington Post article, he argued against free trade on the grounds that labor activism was responsible for the growth of the U.S. middle class, and that the U.S. economy is harmed by trade relations with countries that lack the kind of labor regulations that have resulted from that activism.[[File:U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown speaks at 2008 Labor Day Festival.jpg|thumb|Brown speaks at 2008 [[Labor Day]] Festival]]The Columbus Dispatch wrote in 2011 that Brown "loves to rail against international trade agreements". In his book Myths of Free Trade, Brown writes, "an unregulated global economy is a threat to all of us" and recommends measures that would allow for emergency tariffs, protect Buy America laws, including those that give preference to minority and women-owned businesses, and hold foreign producers to American labor and environmental standards. Brown co-authored and sponsored a bill that would officially declare China a currency manipulator and require the Department of Commerce to impose countervailing duties on Chinese imports.

Brown called for tariffs to be imposed on imports from China in 2016 and praised Hillary Clinton's plan to enforce rules and trade laws and triple the enforcement budgets at the United States Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission.

Brown opposes NAFTA, which he argues should be renegotiated to aid Ohio workers. He supported President Trump's decision in 2018 to impose tariffs on washing machine imports. He supported his first trade agreement in 2019, having never previously supported one in Congress. He voted against the North American Free Trade Agreement because he said it would send Ohioan jobs to Mexico, but supported a new trade agreement for the U.S., Mexico, and Canada after a "step toward a pro-worker trade policy, but it's not a perfect agreement".

Pressure from Brown and other congressional Democrats in 2023 led the Biden administration to abandon plans for the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework's trade component.

Foreign policy

Brown opposed the Iraq War and voted against the Iraq Resolution as a House Representative. He voted against the $87-billion war budgetary supplement and for redeploying U.S. troops out of Iraq by March 2008. Brown voted for the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008, which appropriated $250 billion for ongoing military operations and domestic programs.

Brown voted in 2010 for the ratification of New START, a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the U.S. and the Russian Federation obliging both countries to have no more than 1,550 strategic warheads and 700 launchers deployed during the next seven years, and providing for a continuation of on-site inspections that halted when START I expired the previous year. It was the first arms treaty with Russia in eight years.

Brown co-sponsored reaffirmations of the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances in regard to United States-Taiwan relations. Weeks after the 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign and Umbrella Movement broke out, demanding genuine universal suffrage among other goals, Brown (the chair of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China); co-chair Chris Smith; U.S. Senators Ben Cardin; Marco Rubio; Roger Wicker; Dianne Feinstein; and Jeff Merkley; and U.S. Representatives Nancy Pelosi, Dan Lipinski, and Frank Wolf introduced the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, which would update the United States–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 and U.S. commitment to democratic development in Hong Kong.

In advance of the UN Security Council resolution 2334 of 2016 condemning Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories, Brown signed an AIPAC-sponsored letter urging President Obama to veto "one-sided" resolutions against Israel. He voted against a controversial Israel Anti-Boycott Act initiated by Republicans in 2019 that would allow states to prohibit government agencies from contracting with organizations involved in the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement.

Brown criticized U.S. support for Saudi Arabia's military campaign in Yemen in 2017, saying, "It's becoming increasingly clear that Saudi Arabia has been deliberately targeting civilian targets. And that's absolutely unacceptable". He voted that same year for the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, which placed sanctions on Iran, Russia, and North Korea. Brown, Bob Menendez, and Mark Warner wrote to the inspectors general of the State Department, Treasury Department, and intelligence community in 2018 that the Trump administration failed to fully comply with the provisions of the CAATSA and requested an investigation. He condemned that year the genocide of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar and called for a stronger response to the crisis.

Brown was one of 12 senators to sign a letter to Trump in 2018 urging him not to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal on the grounds that "Iran could either remain in the agreement and seek to isolate the United States from our closest partners, or resume its nuclear activities" if the U.S. pulled out and that both possibilities "would be detrimental to our national security interests." He and 16 other members of Congress urged that year the U.S. to impose sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Act against Chinese officials responsible for human rights abuses against the Uyghur Muslim minority in western China's Xinjiang region.

After Juan Guaidó was declared interim president of Venezuela by the National Assembly in 2019, Brown said the U.S. should "work with our allies and use economic, political and diplomatic leverage to help bring about free and fair elections, limit escalating tension, and ensure the safety of Americans on the ground", and called the Trump administration's suggestions of military intervention "reckless and irresponsible".

In 2024, Brown urged the Biden administration to recognize a "nonmilitarized" Palestinian state after the end of the Gaza war.

Gun policy

Brown has criticized the political influence of gun manufacturers.

He called the Republican legislature in Ohio "lunatics" for introducing a concealed carry bill that would allow people to carry guns into airplane terminals (before security), police buildings, private airplanes, and day-care facilities.

In the wake of the Orlando nightclub shooting, Brown participated in the Chris Murphy gun control filibuster. A few weeks later, he voted for the Feinstein Amendment, which would have barred anyone on the terrorist watch list from buying a gun.

In response to the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, he supported Dianne Feinstein's effort to ban bump stocks.

Railroad safety

Brown was one of ten senators to cosponsor the Safe Freight Act in 2019, a bill requiring freight trains to have on board one or more certified conductors and a certified engineer who can collaborate on protecting the train and people living near the tracks. The legislation was meant to correct a Federal Railroad Administration rollback of a proposed rule intended to establish safety standards.

Terrorism

Brown was one of 67 members of Congress who voted against the 2001 USA PATRIOT Act. In 2015, he co-sponsored a bill that would restrict ISIS's financing by authorizing new sanctions on foreign financial institutions that knowingly facilitate financial transactions with ISIS. The bill called for tightening international passport regulations and additional screening of people attempting to enter the U.S. on certain types of visas. The bill also provided grants to local law enforcement agencies to train for active shooter situations and terrorist attacks and to conduct cyber-training to identify and track extremists such as the couple behind the 2015 San Bernardino attack.

Personal life

Brown was married to Larke Recchie from 1979 to 1987, and they had two children. During their divorce proceedings, Recchie obtained a restraining order against Brown to keep him from harassing or annoying her and from "doing bodily harm". In a supporting affidavit, she said she was "in fear for the safety and well-being of myself and our children due to [Brown's] physical violence and abusive nature" and that Brown had "intimidated, pushed, shoved and bullied" her on several occasions. Years later, Recchie walked back her claims of physical violence against Brown.

Recchie and Cleveland Plain Dealer columnist Connie Schultz later became friends and filmed an ad together for Brown's 2006 Senate campaign. Recchie hosted a fund-raising event for Brown's 2012 reelection campaign against Republican Josh Mandel and issued a statement saying, "I understand that in campaigns you often have to go after your opponent, but Josh Mandel should know better than to go after our family. I ask that he immediately put a stop to this kind of politics. I was proud to support Sherrod in 2006 and I'm proud to support him again this time around against Josh Mandel. Josh Mandel should immediately stop this kind of dirty campaigning."

In 2004, Brown married Schultz. She resigned from her job in 2011, because being a politician's spouse presented a conflict of interest. She won a Pulitzer Prize in 2005. She is also the author of Life Happens (2007) and ...and His Lovely Wife (2008), in which she describes her experiences as the spouse of a U.S. Senate candidate. He has two stepchildren from this marriage.

Brown's daughter Elizabeth was president pro tempore of the Columbus City Council and served on the council for seven years. He has five grandchildren. He is Lutheran. Brown's brother, Charlie, is a former West Virginia attorney general.

In 2007, Brown was awarded an honorary doctorate from Capital University. He was awarded an honorary doctor of public service degree from Otterbein University in 2014. Along with his wife, Brown delivered a keynote address at the undergraduate commencement.

In June 2023, NBC News reported that Brown had been late paying his Cleveland property tax bill seven times, most recently in February, and that for years he claimed owner-occupant tax credits on properties in two different Ohio counties. Brown subsequently paid the delinquent tax bill and repaid Franklin County for the tax credit. His campaign said he would not claim it in future years. In August 2023, Brown corrected several years of Senate financial disclosure forms that had previously omitted his wife's pension money.

Bibliography

Brown is the author of three books:

• Congress from the Inside: Observations from the Majority and the Minority, Kent State University Press, 2004,
• Myths of Free Trade: Why American Trade Policy Has Failed, The New Press, 2006,
• Desk 88: Eight Progressive Senators Who Changed America, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2019,

Electoral history

References

References

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88. (September 11, 2014). "Gold Star Fathers Act gets salute from U.S. Senate". The Plain Dealer.
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90. Shepp, Jonah. (April 7, 2016). "Senate Democrats Urge Treasury Department to Probe Panama Papers". [[New York (magazine).
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97. (November 16, 2017). "House Republicans pass tax plan that would cut corporate rate, add $1.4 trillion to deficit".
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99. (February 14, 2009). "Stimulus bill approved". The Columbus Dispatch.
100. (December 23, 2006). "How Free Trade Hurts". The Washington Post.
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112. "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 455".
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114. (June 30, 2008). "H.R.2642 - Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008".
115. Memmott, Mark. (December 22, 2010). "Senate Ratifies START". [[NPR]].
116. Baker, Peter. (December 22, 2010). "Senate Passes Arms Control Treaty With Russia, 71-26". The New York Times.
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118. (November 3, 1999). "H.Con.Res.53 - Concerning the Taiwan Relations Act".
119. (March 25, 2003). "H.Con.Res.117 - Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States Government should reaffirm its unwavering commitment to the Taiwan Relations Act as the cornerstone of United States relations with Taiwan, and for other purposes".
120. (May 19, 2016). "S.Con.Res.38 - A concurrent resolution reaffirming the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances as cornerstones of United States-Taiwan relations".
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122. (November 13, 2014). "S.2922 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act".
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124. (January 30, 2015). "A Useful Hong Kong Rebuke". The Wall Street Journal.
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126. (September 19, 2016). "Senate – Aipac".
127. (February 11, 2019). "Why These Democratic Presidential Hopefuls Voted No on an anti-BDS Bill". [[Haaretz]].
128. (19 March 2019). "Breaking Down the Combating BDS Act of 2019 and First Amendment Challenges to State Anti-BDS Laws".
129. (June 14, 2017). "Senate Votes With Record Opposition to Saudi Arms Sale — but Not Enough to Put On Brakes". [[The Intercept]].
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131. Desiderio, Andrew. (May 18, 2018). "Senate Democrats Call For Multi-Agency Probe Into Russia Sanctions Delay". [[The Daily Beast]].
132. Hussein, Fatima. (October 22, 2017). "Sen. Todd Young urges action to end Muslim genocide in Myanmar". [[The Indianapolis Star]].
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134. (29 August 2018). "Group of U.S. lawmakers urges China sanctions over Xinjiang abuses". Reuters.
135. (31 January 2019). "Where Democratic Presidential Contenders Stand On The Venezuelan Crisis".
136. (March 20, 2024). "Senate Democrats press Biden to establish two-state solution for Israel, Palestine". The Hill.
137. (June 21, 2016). "The Sheer Number of Guns in America Will Kill Us With or Without Terrorists".
138. "Brown: Ohio concealed-carry bill work of 'lunatics'". The Cincinnati Enquirer.
139. (June 15, 2016). "Senate Democrats' Surprise Gun-Control Filibuster Ended at 2:11 a.m.".
140. "Ohio Politics Now: How Sen. Rob Portman, Sen. Sherrod Brown voted on gun control measures".
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142. (June 27, 2019). "Wyden co-sponsors bill to boost rail safety". KTVZ.
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144. (June 7, 2013). "Who Stood for Constitutional Liberties and Voted Against the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001?". [[Daily Kos]].
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146. (January 8, 2016). "U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown tackles ISIS, gun laws". ABC news.
147. (December 9, 2015). "S.2377 - Defeat ISIS and Protect and Secure the United States Act of 2015".
148. Koff, Stephen. (June 17, 2012). "The old divorce claims: A 'despicable' attack from Josh Mandel, or fair game against Sherrod Brown?". The Plain Dealer.
149. Tobias, Andrew J.. (September 13, 2018). "Dark money website revives allegations from Sherrod Brown's 1980s-era divorce". The Plain Dealer.
150. Schultz, Connie. (July 15, 2014). "Why I Came Home to Cleveland". [[Politico]].
151. "Columnist for The Plain Dealer". The Plain Dealer.
152. "The 2005 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Commentary: Connie Schultz of The Plain Dealer, Cleveland".
153. (May 20, 2010). "...AND HIS LOVELY WIFE". [[Kirkus Reviews]].
154. Schultz, Connie. (September 9, 2018). "Sherrod and I each had two children when we met. When we married in 2004, we became a family of six. Our four kids are Andy, Emily, Liz and Caitlin. Our family grew to include one…".
155. "Elizabeth Brown leaving Columbus City Council to lead YWCA Columbus".
156. Rogin, Ali. (July 27, 2016). "Sherrod Brown: Everything You Need to Know". ABC News.
157. "Religious affiliation of members of 115th Congress". Pew Research Center.
158. Underwood, Jim. (November 13, 1984). "In politics, the Brown brothers seem to do things in a big way". [[Mansfield News Journal]].
159. "Board of Trustees". Gallaudet University.
160. . (May 29, 2014). ["Senator and Writer Duo Address Commencement"](https://issuu.com/otterbeinuniversity/docs/towers-earlysum-2014-web?e=5865378/8051720). *Otterbein Towers*.
161. Gomez, Henry J.. (2023-05-03). "Sen. Sherrod Brown received an extra property tax credit and racked up penalties for late payments".
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164. "U.S. House of Representatives: November 2, 2004". Ohio Secretary of State.
165. "2012 elections results".
166. "United States Senate Democratic primary election in Ohio, 2018".
167. "United States Senate general election in Ohio, 2018".
168. "Results by County".