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1994 Andalusian regional election

Election in the Spanish region of Andalusia

Election in the Spanish region of Andalusia

FieldValue
election_name1994 Andalusian regional election
countryAndalusia
typeparliamentary
ongoingno
previous_election1990 Andalusian regional election
previous_year1990
next_election1996 Andalusian regional election
next_year1996
seats_for_electionAll 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia
majority_seats55
opinion_polls#Opinion polls
registered5,389,552 7.6%
turnout3,625,445 (67.3%)
12.0 pp
election_date12 June 1994
image1[[File:Manuel Chaves 1991 (cropped).jpg170x170px]]
leader1Manuel Chaves
party1PSOE–A
leader_since119 April 1990
leaders_seat1Cádiz
last_election162 seats, 49.6%
seats145
seat_change117
popular_vote11,395,131
percentage138.7%
swing110.9 pp
image2[[File:Javier Arenas 1996 (cropped).jpg170x170px]]
leader2Javier Arenas
party2People's Party of Andalusia
leader_since225 July 1993
leaders_seat2Seville
last_election226 seats, 22.2%
seats241
seat_change215
popular_vote21,238,252
percentage234.4%
swing212.2 pp
image3[[File:Portrait placeholder.svg170x170px]]
leader3Luis Carlos Rejón
party3United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia
leader_since321 July 1988
leaders_seat3Córdoba
last_election311 seats, 12.7%
seats320
seat_change39
popular_vote3689,815
percentage319.1%
swing36.4 pp
image4[[File:Portrait placeholder.svg170x170px]]
leader4Pedro Pacheco
party4PA–PAP
colour4005931
leader_since41994
leaders_seat4Cádiz
last_election410 seats, 10.8%
seats43
seat_change47
popular_vote4208,862
percentage45.8%
swing45.0 pp
map_imageAndalusiaProvinceMapParliament1994.png
map_size375px
map_captionConstituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia
titlePresident
before_electionManuel Chaves
before_partyPSOE–A
after_electionManuel Chaves
after_partyPSOE–A

12.0 pp

A regional election was held in Andalusia on Sunday, 12 June 1994, to elect the 4th Parliament of the autonomous community. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with the 1994 European Parliament election.

The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia after winning the election. However, the poor results obtained by his party forced him to form a minority government 10 seats short of a majority. Eventually, a snap election had to be called in 1996 due to the impracticality of government resulting from the union, at times, of the two main opposition parties (People's Party and United Left).

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Andalusian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president. Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, with each being allocated an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other).

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:

SeatsConstituencies
**18**Seville
**16**Málaga
**15**Cádiz
**13**Córdoba, Granada
**12**Jaén
**11**Almería, Huelva

In smaller constituencies, the use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. Election day was to take place between the thirtieth and the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 23 June 1990, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 23 June 1994. The election was required to take place no later than the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament on the condition that it was not held between 1 July and 31 August, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Thursday, 30 June 1994.

The Parliament of Andalusia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected.

Parliamentary composition

The Parliament of Andalusia was officially dissolved on 19 April 1994, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia. The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Parliament at the time of dissolution.

Parliamentary groupsPartiesLegislatorsSeatsTotal
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}"SocialistSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}"PSOE–A62
People's Party of Andalusia}}"People's of AndalusiaPeople's Party of Andalusia}}"PP26
United Left–Assembly for Andalusia}}"United Left–Assembly for AndalusiaCommunist Party of Andalusia}}"PCA–PCE10
Socialist Action Party (Spain)}}"PASOC1
Andalusian Party}}"AndalusianAndalusian Party}}"PA6
MixedAndalusian Progress Party}}"PAP4

Campaign

Election debates

DateOrganisersModerator(s)Present Surrogate
Not invited Invited Absent inviteePSOE–APPAudienceRef.Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}};"People's Party of Andalusia}};"
2 JuneCanal Sur
Antena 3Manuel Campo Vidal40.6%
(1,102,000)

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

;Color key:

Polling firm/CommissionerFieldwork dateSample sizeTurnout[[File:Logo PSOE de Andalucía, 1979-1996.svg20pxlink=Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of AndalusiaPSOE–A]][[File:People's Party (Spain) Logo (1993-2000).svg27pxlink=People's Party of AndalusiaPP]]IULV[[File:PA logo.svg25pxlink=Andalusian PartyPA]]PAP[[File:CA–PA logo.svg27pxlink=Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian PowerCA–PA]]LeadSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}};"People's Party of Andalusia}};"United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia}};"Andalusian Party}};"Andalusian Progress Party}};"Andalusian Coalition}};"
**1994 regional election**12 Jun 199467.3**38.7**
34.4
19.1
5.8
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"4.3
title=Sondea, que algo quedaurl=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1995/05/27/pagina-26/33783806/pdf.htmllanguage=eswork=La Vanguardiadate=27 May 1995}}12 Jun 1994???
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
Vox Pública/Antena 312 Jun 1994???
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
Demoscopia/Cadena SER12 Jun 1994???
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
Eco Consulting/RTVE12 Jun 1994???
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
title=Elecciones de 12 de junio de 1994 al Parlamento Andaluzurl=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266234246language=eswork=Revista de Derecho Políticodate=1996}}5 Jun 1994??**40.6**
26.8
19.2
5.4
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"13.8
title=El PSOE necesitará el apoyo de Izquierda Unida para poder gobernar en Andalucíaurl=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/hemeroteca/1994/06/05/nacional/language=eswork=El Mundodate=5 June 1994}}3–4 Jun 1994??**39.4**
32.2
17.8
6.9
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"7.2
title=Los socialistas ganarán las elecciones en Andalucíaurl=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1994/06/05/pagina-18/34398253/pdf.htmllanguage=eswork=La Vanguardiadate=5 June 1994}}30 May–1 Jun 19942,000?**40.0**
34.0
15.0
8.0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"6.0
title=El PP gana las europeas por seis puntos y el PSOE pierde la mayoría absoluta en Andalucíaurl=https://elpais.com/hemeroteca/elpais/portadas/1994/06/05/language=eswork=El Paísdate=5 June 1994}}29–31 May 1994??**40.7**
30.9
18.2
7.9
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"9.8
title=Metra-Seis atribuye de 41 a 46 escaños al PSOE y de 35 a 39 al PPurl=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1994/06/05/036.htmllanguage=eswork=ABCdate=5 June 1994}}26–31 May 19943,700??
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
title=La última encuesta del CIS confirma que el PSOE perderá la mayoría absolutaurl=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/06/03/044.htmllanguage=eswork=ABCdate=3 June 1994}}19–23 May 19942,000??
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
title=El PSOE perderá votos en toda Andalucía pero podrá gobernar si le apoyan los andalucistasurl=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/hemeroteca/1994/05/16/nacional/language=eswork=El Mundodate=16 May 1994}}16 May 1994??**39.2**
31.4
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"6.8
title=Una encuesta del CIS confirma la pérdida de la mayoría absoluta del PSOE y la subida de PP e IU-CAurl=http://hemeroteca.sevilla.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/05/21/035.htmllanguage=eswork=ABCdate=21 May 1994}}13–28 Apr 19944,000??
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
title=El PSOE volverá a ganar en Andalucía, pero el PP acorta distancias y se sitúa a sólo tres puntosurl=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1994/04/17/pagina-22/34400333/pdf.htmllanguage=eswork=La Vanguardiadate=17 April 1994}}8–11 Apr 19942,000?**37.0**
34.0
14.0
12.0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"3.0
title=Una encuesta realizada por el PSOE refleja que los socialistas perderían la mayoría absolutaurl=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/04/07/039.htmllanguage=eswork=ABCdate=7 April 1994}}7 Apr 1994???
?
?
?
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"?
title=El PP maneja un sondeo que le concede un máximo de 41 escaños y al PSOE hasta 53 diputadosurl=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/03/07/035.htmllanguage=eswork=ABCdate=7 March 1994}}7 Mar 19942,500?**40.0–
42.0**
34.0
13.0–
16.0
3.0
4.0
––Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"6.0–
8.0
title=Una encuesta para el PP prevé la pérdida de la mayoría absoluta del PSOE en el Parlamento de Andalucíaurl=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1993/12/15/069.htmllanguage=eswork=ABCdate=15 December 1993}}5–18 Nov 19932,500?**42.0**
32.0
14.0
4.0–
6.0
3.0
–Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"10.0
**1993 general election**6 Jun 199376.2**51.5**
29.8
12.1
2.4
1.1
–Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"21.7
**1991 local elections**26 May 199161.2**45.3**20.313.511.1––Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"25.0
**[1990 regional election](1990-andalusian-regional-election)**23 Jun 199055.3**49.6**
22.2
12.7
10.8
––Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"27.4

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Polling firm/CommissionerFieldwork dateSample size[[File:Logo PSOE de Andalucía, 1979-1996.svg20pxlink=Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of AndalusiaPSOE–A]][[File:People's Party (Spain) Logo (1993-2000).svg27pxlink=People's Party of AndalusiaPP]]IULV[[File:PA logo.svg25pxlink=Andalusian PartyPA]]PAP[[File:CA–PA logo.svg27pxlink=Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian PowerCA–PA]]LeadSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}};"People's Party of Andalusia}};"United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia}};"Andalusian Party}};"Andalusian Progress Party}};"Andalusian Coalition}};"
**1994 regional election**12 Jun 1994**25.9**23.212.93.932.3Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"2.7
title=Preelectoral Andalucía 1994 (I) (Estudio nº 2102. Abril-mayo 1994)url=https://www.cis.es/cis/opencms/-Archivos/Marginales/2100_2119/2102/es2102mar.pdflanguage=eswork=CISdate=3 June 1994}}19–23 May 19941,994**26.6**18.611.54.829.47.7Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"8.0
title=Situación social y política de Andalucía (V) (Estudio nº 2089. Abril-mayo 1994)url=https://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/2080_2099/2089/Es2089mar.pdflanguage=eswork=CISdate=20 May 1994}}13 Apr–2 May 19943,992**26.2**19.411.84.90.5–28.56.5Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"6.8
title=Opinión pública y cultura política en las Comunidades Autónomas: Andalucía (Estudio nº 2025. Noviembre 1992)url=https://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/2020_2039/2025/Es2025mar.pdflanguage=eswork=CISdate=24 November 1992}}11–24 Nov 19924,446**29.4**7.76.47.6––34.812.8Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"21.7
**[1990 regional election](1990-andalusian-regional-election)**23 Jun 1990**27.4**12.37.06.0––44.5Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"15.1

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Polling firm/CommissionerFieldwork dateSample size[[File:Logo PSOE de Andalucía, 1979-1996.svg20pxlink=Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of AndalusiaPSOE–A]][[File:People's Party (Spain) Logo (1993-2000).svg27pxlink=People's Party of AndalusiaPP]]IULV[[File:PA logo.svg25pxlink=Andalusian PartyPA]]Other/
NoneLeadSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}};"People's Party of Andalusia}};"United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia}};"Andalusian Party}};"
Opina/La Vanguardia30 May–1 Jun 19942,000**23.2**21.39.35.94.735.6Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"1.9
CIS19–23 May 19941,994**32.4**21.1––10.136.4Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"11.3
CIS13 Apr–2 May 19943,992**34.1**22.9––9.333.7Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"11.2
Opina/La Vanguardia8–11 Apr 19942,00018.1**21.8**7.74.21.646.7People's Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"3.7

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Polling firm/CommissionerFieldwork dateSample size[[File:Logo PSOE de Andalucía, 1979-1996.svg20pxlink=Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of AndalusiaPSOE–A]][[File:People's Party (Spain) Logo (1993-2000).svg27pxlink=People's Party of AndalusiaPP]]IULV[[File:PA logo.svg25pxlink=Andalusian PartyPA]]Other/
NoneLeadSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}};"People's Party of Andalusia}};"United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia}};"Andalusian Party}};"
Opina/La Vanguardia30 May–1 Jun 19942,000**42.7**12.11.22.41.040.5Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"30.6
CIS19–23 May 19941,994**40.6**13.8––21.024.6Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"26.8
CIS13 Apr–2 May 19943,992**37.2**14.8––18.629.4Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"22.4
Opina/La Vanguardia8–11 Apr 19942,000**37.2**12.02.22.20.745.7Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"25.2

Results

Overall

Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeatsVotes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}"Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)1,395,13138.72−10.88**45**−17
People's Party of Andalusia}}"People's Party (PP)1,238,25234.36+12.18**41**+15
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia}}"United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)689,81519.14+6.47**20**+9
Andalusian Coalition}}"Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)1208,8625.80−4.95**3**−7
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)12,0780.34+0.110±0
Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS)9,8750.27−0.910±0
Andalusian Nation}}"Andalusian Nation (NA)29,6900.27+0.210±0
Humanist Party (Spain)}}"Humanist Party (PH)5,5100.15+0.080±0
Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}"Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)2,6370.07−0.010±0
Socialist October}}"Socialist October (OS)6410.02*New*0±0
Falange Española Independiente}}"Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI)3500.01*New*0±0
Blank ballots30,7500.85+0.41
Total3,603,591109±0
Valid votes3,603,59199.40−0.16
Invalid votes21,8540.60+0.16
Votes cast / turnout3,625,44567.27+11.93
Abstentions1,764,10732.73−11.93
Registered voters5,389,552
Sources
{{hiddenta1=lefttitle=Footnotes:content={{ubl1 Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power results are compared to Andalusian Party totals in the 1990 election.2 Andalusian Nation results are compared to Andalusian Front of Liberation totals in the 1990 election.}}}}

Distribution by constituency

ConstituencyPSOE–APPIULV–CAPA–PAPSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}"People's Party of Andalusia}}"United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia}}"Andalusian Coalition}}"%S%S%S%SSources
Almería38.1**5**People's Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"41.9**5**15.0**1**3.2−
CádizSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"34.5**5**33.2**5**18.2**3**11.6**2**
CórdobaSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"37.5**6**30.8**4**24.6**3**5.3−
Granada38.3**5**People's Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"38.6**6**16.8**2**4.4−
HuelvaSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"44.1**5**33.3**4**15.7**2**5.2−
JaénSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"42.6**5**35.9**5**15.6**2**4.1−
Málaga34.3**6**People's Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"36.5**6**22.4**4**4.7−
SevilleSpanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"42.0**8**30.6**6**19.5**3**5.8**1**
**Total**Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia}}; color:white;"38.7**45**34.4**41**19.1**20**5.8**3**

Aftermath

Ballot →20 July 199423 July 199429 July 1994Required majority →
55 out of 109SimpleSimple
{{Collapsible listtitle = Yes• PSOE–A (44) (43 on 23 Jul)
{{Collapsible listtitle = No• PP (41) (40 on 20 Jul)• IULV–CA (20) (until 23 Jul)• PA–PAP (3) (until 23 Jul)
{{Collapsible listtitle = Abstentions• PA–PAP (3) (on 29 Jul)• IULV–CA (1) (on 29 Jul)
{{Collapsible listtitle = Absentees• PSOE–A (1) (2 on 23 Jul)• PP (1) (on 20 Jul)
Sources

Notes

References

;Opinion poll sources

;Other

References

  1. (30 December 1981). ["[Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia".
  2. (2 January 1986). "Ley 1/1986, de 2 de enero, Electoral de Andalucía".
  3. Gallagher, Michael. (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin.
  4. (19 June 1985). "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General".
  5. (21 July 1983). "Ley 6/1983, de 21 de Julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma".
  6. (30 January 1990). "Ley 1/1990, de 30 de enero, por la que se modifica la Ley 6/1983, de 21 de julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma".
  7. (19 April 1994). "DECRETO del Presidente 85/1994, de 18 de abril, por el que se convocan elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía". Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía.
  8. "LOS GRUPOS PARLAMENTARIOS. III Legislatura".
  9. Lucio, Lourdes. (16 February 2008). "14 años sin verse las caras". El País.
  10. (4 June 1994). "La mitad de los andaluces estaba viendo el debate cuando se habló de corrupción y campañas institucionales de la Junta". ABC.
  11. "Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía (1982 - 2018)".
  12. "Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. June 1994. Andalusia totals". [[Regional Government of Andalusia]].
  13. (9 July 1994). "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 12 June 1994". [[Junta Electoral Central.
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