From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Selection of the Democratic Party nominee

Field	Value
election_name	1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries
country	United States
type	primary
ongoing	no
previous_election	1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries
previous_year	1980
next_election	1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries
next_year	1988
election_date	February 20 to June 12, 1984
votes_for_election	3,933 delegates to the [Democratic National Convention](1984-democratic-national-convention)
needed_votes	1,967 (majority)
<!-- Walter Mondale -->	image1	File:Walter Mondale (1).jpg
image_size	150x150px
colour1	567953
candidate1	Walter Mondale
home_state1	Minnesota
delegate_count1	1,708 PDs
384 SDs
states_carried1	26
popular_vote1	6,952,912
percentage1	38.3%
<!-- Gary Hart -->	image2	File:Gary Hart 1984 (cropped).jpg
candidate2	Gary Hart
colour2	a59400
home_state2	Colorado
delegate_count2	1,198 PDs
58 SDs
states_carried2	26
popular_vote2	6,504,842
percentage2	35.9%
<!-- Jesse Jackson -->	image3	File:Jesse Jackson For President Crop.jpg
candidate3	Jesse Jackson
colour3	73638c
home_state3	South Carolina
delegate_count3	364 PDs
25 SDs
states_carried3	2
popular_vote3	3,282,431
percentage3	18.1%
map	{{Switcher
First place by first-instance vote	default	1
map_caption
title	Democratic nominee
before_election	Jimmy Carter
after_election	Walter Mondale

384 SDs

58 SDs

25 SDs

From February 20 to June 12, 1984, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19, 1984, in San Francisco, California.

Candidates

Nominee

Candidate	Most recent office	Home state	Campaign	Popular vote	Contests won	Running mate
**Walter
Mondale**	[[File:Walter Mondale 1977 vice presidential portrait (cropped).jpg	alt=	frameless	125x125px]]		**Vice President of
the United States**
(1977–1981)	Minnesota	[[File:MondalePrimaryLogo.png	frameless	114x114px]]	6,952,912

Eliminated at Convention

Candidate	Most recent office	Home state	Campaign	Popular vote	Contests won	Gary
Hart	Jesse
Jackson
[[File:GaryHart.jpg	frameless	125x125px]]		**U.S. Senator
from Colorado**
(1975–1987)	Colorado	[[File:Gary Hart logo.png	frameless	114x114px]]
Eliminated at Convention: July 18, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 19, 1984
(Campaign)	6,504,842
(35.9%)	26
(AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL, ID-P, ID-C, IN, ME, MA, MT, NE, NV, NH, NM, OH, OK, OR, RI, SD, UT, VT, WA, WI-P, WY)
[[File:Jesse Jackson July 1, 1983.jpg	frameless	125x125px]]		None	South Carolina	[[File:Jackson 1984 campaign logo.svg	frameless	114x114px]]
Eliminated at Convention: July 18, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
August 28, 1984
(Campaign)	3,282,431
(18.1%)	2
(DC, LA)

Withdrew during Primaries

Candidate	Most recent office	Home state	Campaign	Popular vote
Glenn	George
McGovern	Reubin
Askew	Fritz
Hollings	Alan
Cranston
[[File:Sen. John Glenn (cropped).jpg	frameless	125x125px]]		**U.S. Senator
from Ohio**
(1974–1999)	Ohio	[[File:Johnglenn1984 (1).gif	frameless	114x114px]]
Withdrew:
March 16, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 18, 1984
(Campaign)	617,909
(3.41%)	0
[[File:George McGovern 1970s.png	frameless	125x125px]]		**U.S. Senator
from South Dakota**
(1963–1981)	South Dakota	[[File:McGovern1984CampaignLogo.png	114x114px]]
Withdrew:
March 14, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
June 13, 1984
(Campaign)	334,801
(1.85%)	0
[[File:ReubinAskew.JPG	frameless	125x125px]]		**Governor
of Florida**
(1971–1979)	Florida	[[File:Askew1984CampaignLogo.png	114x114px]]
Withdrew:
March 1, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 18, 1984
(Campaign)	52,759
(0.29%)	0
[[File:FritzHollings.jpg	frameless	125x125px]]		**U.S. Senator
from South Carolina**
(1966–2005)	South Carolina	[[File:Hollings1984CampaignLogo.png	114x114px]]
Withdrew:
March 1, 1984
Endorsed Hart:
March 9, 1984
(Campaign)	33,684
(0.19%)	0
[[File:Walter Mondale with Senator Alan Cranston - NARA - 176249 (crop 2).jpg	frameless	125x125px]]		**U.S. Senator
from California**
(1969–1993)	California	[[File:Cranston84Logo.png	114x114px]]
Withdrew:
February 29, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 18, 1984
(Campaign)	51,437
(0.28%)	0

Minor Candidates

Lyndon LaRouche	Claude R. Kirk Jr.	Gerald Willis
[[File:LaRouche 1988 (filter).jpg	center	120x120px]]	[[File:Governor Claude R Kirk.jpg	center	120x120px]]	[[File:Gerald Willis.png	center	120x120px]]
No Elected Office	Governor
of Florida
(1967–1971)	State Representative
from Alabama
(1978–1982)

Declined to run

George Wallace	Jimmy Carter	Ted Kennedy	Daniel Patrick Moynihan	Lloyd Bentsen	Bill Bradley	Mo Udall	Dale Bumpers	Jerry Brown
[[File:WallaceColoredImage(Cropped).jpg	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Jimmy Carter Portrait by Bernard Gotfryd (cropped 2).jpg	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Ted Kennedy 1984.webp	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Patrick Moynihan 1998 (cropped).jpg	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Lloyd Bentsen (1).jpg	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Sen. Bill Bradley (NJ) (1).jpg	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Morris King Udall (cropped2).jpg	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Dale Bumpers in 1979 (cropped).jpg	center	150x150px]]	[[File:Jerry Brown, 1980.jpg	center	150x150px]]
**Governor
of Alabama**
(1963–1967)
(1971–1979)
(1983–1987)	**U.S. President
from Georgia**
(1977–1981)	**U.S. Senator
from Massachusetts**
(1962–2009)	**U.S. Senator
from New York**
(1977-2001)	**U.S. Senator
from Texas**
(1971-1993)	**U.S. Senator
from New Jersey**
(1977-2001)	**U.S. Representative
from Arizona**
(1961–1991)	**U.S. Senator
from Arkansas**
(1975–1999)	**Governor
of California**
(1975–1983)
May 22, 1982	October 25, 1982	December 1, 1982	December 3, 1982	December 4, 1982	January 11, 1983	February 9, 1983	April 5, 1983	April 20, 1983

Timeline

Background

The Commission on Presidential Nomination was formed in July 1981, under the leadership of Jim Hunt. The commission sought to increase the power of elected officials, who could choose a more moderate and ideologically representative candidate. Alan Cranston, Gillis William Long, and Walter Mondale supported giving elected officials positions as uncommitted delegates while Ted Kennedy opposed it. The report was completed on February 5, 1982. The commission allocated 568 delegates, 14% of the total, to unelected superdelegates, who were party leaders and elected officials. The primary schedule was reduced to occur from March to June, with the exception of Iowa and New Hampshire.

411 of the superdelegates were elected officials and 157 were party officials. Members of the U.S. House and U.S. Senate accounted for 200 delegates. Mondale's campaign capitalized on this and Richard Moe, with 20 lobbyists, gained support for Mondale from members of Congress. Thomas Hale Boggs Jr. lobbied for congressional support for John Glenn.

Twenty-six primaries were held in 1984, less than the thirty-one in 1980. 54% of the delegates were selected using primaries which was a decline from the 72% in 1980, 32% was selected using caucuses, and the remainder were superdelegates. Ten states, six using a primary and four using a caucus, and Puerto Rico used a winner-take-all system. The minimum percentage needed to win delegates was raised from 15% to 20%.

Overview and pre-contests

	[Convention 1984](1984-democratic-national-convention)

ImageSize = width:875 height:auto barincrement:22 PlotArea = top:20 bottom:20 right:20 left:20 AlignBars = early

Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.9) id:lightline value:gray(0.8) id:darkline value:gray(0.3) id:WM value:rgb(0.094,0.250,0.800) #Walter Mondale id:GH value:oceanblue #Gary Hart id:JJ value:oceanblue #Jesse Jackson id:JG value:oceanblue #John Glenn id:GM value:oceanblue #George McGovern id:RA value:oceanblue #Reubin Askew id:AC value:oceanblue #Alan Cranston id:FH value:oceanblue #Ernest Hollings id:CK value:oceanblue #Claude R. Kirk Jr.

Link to more colors: http://ploticus.sourceforge.net/doc/color.html

Define $today =

DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1983 till:09/01/1984 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:month increment:1 start:01/01/1983 ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkline unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1983

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData = barset:Candidates

PlotData= width:15 fontsize:S textcolor:black anchor:till shift:(10,-4) barset:Candidates from:02/21/1983 till:07/16/1984 color:WM text: "Mondale" from:02/17/1983 till:07/16/1984 color:GH text: "Hart" from:11/03/1983 till:07/16/1984 color:JJ text: "Jackson" from:02/05/1983 till:03/16/1984 color:JG text: "Glenn" from:09/14/1983 till:03/14/1984 color:GM text: "McGovern" from:02/23/1983 till:03/01/1984 color:RA text: "Askew" from:02/02/1983 till:02/29/1984 color:AC text: "Cranston" from:04/19/1983 till:03/01/1984 color:FH text: "Hollings" LineData= layer:front at:02/20/1984 color:teal width:1 layer:front at:02/28/1984 color:red width:1 layer:front at:03/13/1984 color:orange width:1 layer:front at:07/16/1984 color:darkblue width:1

Kennedy, one of the leading possible candidates, announced in December 1982, that he would not run for the presidential nomination.

In June 1983, Cranston won a series of straw polls in Alabama, California, and Wisconsin and placed second in Massachusetts. Mondale won a straw poll in Maine in October. Glenn criticized the excessive spending on the straw poll as Cranston and Mondale both spent $100,000 and Hollings spent $25,000 while campaigning for it.

Jackson ended up winning 21% of the national primary vote but received only 8% of the delegates to the national convention, and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win. He also poured scorn on Mondale, saying that Hubert Humphrey was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul-Minneapolis" area. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930092516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926644,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=September 30, 2007

Colorado Senator Gary Hart was little-known when he announced his run February 1983, and barely received above 1% in the polls compared to other well-known figures. To counter this, Hart started campaigning early in New Hampshire, making a then-unprecedented canvassing tour in late September, months before the primary. This strategy attracted national media attention to his campaign, and by late 1983, he had risen moderately in the polls to the middle of the field, mostly at the expense of the sinking candidacies of John Glenn and Cranston.

Hart criticized Mondale as an "old-fashioned" Great Society Democrat who symbolized "failed policies" of the past. Hart positioned himself as a younger, fresher, and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters. He emerged as a formidable candidate, winning the key Ohio and California primaries as well as several others, especially in the West. However, Hart could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast. Hart was also badly hurt during a televised debate when Mondale used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart's vague "New Ideas" platform. Turning to Hart on camera, Mondale said that whenever he heard Hart talk about his "New Ideas", he was reminded of the Wendy's fast-food slogan "Where's the beef?". The remark drew loud laughter and applause from the audience and caught Hart off-guard. Hart never fully recovered from Mondale's charge that his "New Ideas" were shallow and lacking in specifics. Earlier in the same Democratic primary debate, Hart committed a serious faux pas that largely went underreported. Asked what he would do if an unidentified airplane flew over the Iron Curtain from a Warsaw Pact nation, Hart replied that he would send up a United States Air Force plane and instruct them to determine whether or not it was an enemy plane by looking in the cockpit window to see if the pilots were wearing uniforms. Fellow candidate John Glenn, a former Marine Corps fighter pilot, replied that this was physically impossible.

At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by Phil Donahue, Mondale and Hart got in such a heated argument over the issue of U.S. policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on the table to get them to simmer down.

Jackson's campaign was bolstered after he led a delegation to Syria that convinced Hafez al-Assad to release Bobby Goodman in January 1984. Jackson received large and overwhelming positive news coverage. However, positive news coverage ended after he called Jews "Hymies" and New York City "Hymietown". Jackson was also criticized for his relation with Louis Farrakhan.

Early contests

Mondale celebrates his victory in the Iowa caucus

Mondale won the Iowa caucus with a plurality of the vote. Glenn performed poorly and came in sixth. Hart's campaign was bolstered by his second placing show. Hart, despite not winning Iowa, was now viewed as the only viable opponent to Mondale. Hart was polling below 10% nationally in late February, but was polling above 30% by March 2, and near 40% by March 6.

Mondale led Glenn by two-to-one in New Hampshire and Glenn led Hart by two-to-one in New Hampshire in polling from March 1983 to February 1984. However, Hart's polling improved shortly before the primary and won in New Hampshire. Mondale and Hart both won 6 delegates, despite Hart's popular vote victory, due to mathematical distribution.

Reubin Askew, Alan Cranston, and Fritz Hollings ended their campaigns after their poor results in New Hampshire. Hart had incomplete delegate slates, such as him having 45 delegates slated for the 117 delegates up in Pennsylvania's primary. Hart adopted the delegate slates of withdrawn campaigns.

March contests

Glenn's campaign stated that he needed to win Alabama and perform well in Georgia. Mondale won the statewide popular vote in Georgia, but Hart won in more congressional districts and won a plurality of the state's delegates.

Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Illinois held their contests with a total of 510 delegates on March 13 as a part of Super Tuesday. The three leading candidates' delegate counts rose from 126 to 301 for Mondale, 17 to 164 for Hart, and 7 to 34 for Jackson.

Hollings was expected to win South Carolina as a favorite son candidate, but withdrew before the state held its caucus.

On March 31, the Kentucky precinct caucuses elected a plurality uncommitted delegation supported by Martha Layne Collins. Mondale won the Virgin Islands caucus.

April contests

Hart won the Wisconsin primary, but none of the major candidates campaigned in the state due to the primary having no pledged delegates. Mondale won the caucus which was responsible for the allocation of 78 of the state's 89 delegates.

Louisiana cancelled its primary, as it was unable to afford the $1.5 million cost, and caucuses were held for both parties instead.

Last contests

On May 1, Jackson won Washington D.C. and Mondale won Tennessee. In order to gain the nomination Hart needed to win 91% of the remaining delegates after these contests.

Indiana, Maryland, North Carolina, and Ohio held their contests with a total of 483 delegates on May 8 as part of Super Tuesday II.

Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but the race was not decided until June, on Super Tuesday III. Decided that day were delegates from five states: South Dakota, New Mexico, West Virginia, and the big prizes of California and New Jersey. The proportional nature of delegate selection meant that Mondale was likely to obtain enough delegates on that day to secure the stated support of an overall majority of delegates, and hence the nomination, no matter who actually "won" the states contested. However, Hart maintained that unpledged superdelegates that had previously claimed support for Mondale would shift to his side if he swept the Super Tuesday III primary. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421091601/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926535,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=April 21, 2008

North Dakota held its first presidential primary, but no delegates were bound by it. Hart won the primary against Lyndon LaRouche, the only other candidate on the ballot.

McGovern endorsed Mondale on July 11, and instructed his 23 delegates to vote for Mondale. Mondale was already 28 delegates above the minimum required to win.

Mondale had the support of 81 state chairs and vice-chairs, Hart had 13, Jackson had 1, and 19 were uncommitted one week before the convention. The final CBS poll of delegates before the convention showed that among the superdelegates 384 supported Mondale, 58 supported Hart, 25 supported Jackson, and 101 were uncommitted.

Convention and aftermath

By the time the Democratic Convention started in San Francisco, Mondale had more than enough delegates to win the Democratic nomination. However, after Mondale's landslide loss to Ronald Reagan, Hart would quickly emerge as the frontrunner for the 1988 Democratic Party's presidential nomination. He would maintain that status until a sex scandal derailed his candidacy in 1987.

Mondale's nomination marked only the fifth time that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen for President (i.e., not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election), following former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who followed former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson II in 1956, who followed former West Virginia Congressman John W. Davis in 1924, who was preceded by former President Grover Cleveland in 1892. The Democratic Party did not nominate another private citizen until former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, in 2016. Four years later, the party nominated former vice president Joe Biden. Of the seven private-citizen Democratic nominees, Jimmy Carter, Grover Cleveland, and Joe Biden won their respective presidential elections.

Analysis

Mondale performed best in states with primaries. Hart won more states than Mondale and performed better both in primaries, with 16 victories out of 27, and caucuses, with 13 victories out of 23, but he won in states with lower delegate counts and which allotted them proportionally. Mondale won four of the five winner-take-all states. His plurality victories gave him all of Pennsylvania's 80 delegates and 102 of New Jersey's 107 delegates. Mondale's strong support among superdelegates meant that the delegations of five states won by Hart (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Indiana, Ohio, and New Mexico) were controlled by Mondale.

The delegate results were malapportioned when compared to the popular vote. If all of the contests used a proportional system then the results would have been 1,591 delegates for Mondale, 1,307 for Hart, 645 for Jackson, and 390 for others and uncommitted. This would have placed Mondale below the minimum number of delegates needed to win and doubled the number of Jackson's delegates.

Mondale lost all of New England and almost every state west of the Mississippi.

Two-thirds of the delegates attending the convention identified as liberals compared to 7% who identified as conservatives.

One-third of people who supported Hart during the Democratic primary voted for Reagan. 4% of Mondale supporters and 6% of Jackson supporters voted for Reagan.

The 1984 Democratic presidential primary vote by demographic subgroup	Demographic subgroup		Mondale		Hart		Jackson
total vote	Ideology	Party	Gender	Race	Age	Education	Union households
Total vote	38	36	18	8	100
Moderates	41	37	15	7	47
Liberals	34	36	25	5	27
Conservatives	37	34	16	13	21
Democrats	42	33	20	5	74
Independents	28	44	16	12	20
Men	38	36	17	9	46
Women	39	35	19	7	54
White	42	43	5	10	78
Black	19	3	77	1	18
18–29 years old	26	39	26	9	17
30–44 years old	30	38	23	9	30
45–59 years old	41	34	18	7	23
60 and older	52	31	10	7	28
Less than high school	51	26	18	5	14
High school graduate	43	34	16	7	33
Some college	33	38	21	8	27
College graduate	31	41	20	8	26
Union	45	31	19	5	33

Source: Adam Clymer combined the exit polls conducted in 24 states by The New York Times, CBS, NBC, and ABC.

Endorsements

Main article: Endorsements in the 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Mondale had received endorsements from: ; Executive Branch Officials

Jimmy Carter, President of the United States from Georgia (1977-1981)
Dean Rusk, United States Secretary of State from Georgia (1961-1969)

; U.S. Senate

Daniel Inouye, U.S. Senator from Hawaii (1963–2012)
Patrick Leahy, U.S. Senator from Vermont (1975–2023)

; U.S. House of Representatives

Glenn M. Anderson, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1969–1993) (previously endorsed Alan Cranston)
Jim Bates, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 44th congressional district (1983–1991)
Anthony Beilenson, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1977–1997)
Edward Boland, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district (1953-1989)
Douglas H. Bosco, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 1st congressional district (1983–1991)
Rick Boucher member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 9th congressional district (1983–2011)
Sala Burton, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 5th congressional district (1983–1987) (previously endorsed Alan Cranston)
Barbara Boxer, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 6th congressional district (1983–1993)
Tony Coelho, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 15th congressional district (1979–1989)
Mervyn Dymally, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 31st congressional district (1981–1993)
Joseph D. Early, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district (1975–1993)
Don Edwards, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1963–1995) (previously endorsed Alan Cranston)
Barney Frank, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th congressional district (1981–2013)
Robert García member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1978–1990)
Sam Gejdenson, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Connecticut's 2nd congressional district (1981–2001)
Tom Harkin, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 5th congressional district (1975–1985)
Cecil Heftel, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Hawaii's 1st congressional district (1977–1986)
Richard H. Lehman, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1983–1995)
Matthew G. Martínez, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1982–2001) (previously endorsed Alan Cranston)
Bob Matsui, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1979–2005)
George Miller, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1975–2015)
Joe Moakley, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 9th congressional district (1973–2001)
Leon Panetta, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1977–1993)
Charles B. Rangel, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1971–2017)
William R. Ratchford, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Connecticut's 5th congressional district (1979–1985)
James Michael Shannon, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 5th congressional district (1979–1985)
Pete Stark, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1973–2013)
Esteban Torres, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 34th congressional district (1983–1999) (previously endorsed Alan Cranston)

; Governors

Toney Anaya, Governor of New Mexico (1983–1987)
Cecil Andrus, Governor of Idaho (1971–1977; 1987–1995)
Mario Cuomo, Governor of New York (1983-1994)
Edgar Herschler, Governor of Wyoming (1975–1987)
Jay Rockefeller, Governor of West Virginia (1977–1985)

; Statewide officials

Robert Abrams, New York Attorney General (1979-1993)
Madeleine Kunin, 75th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont (1979–1983)
Tom Miller, 31st and 33rd Attorney General of Iowa (1979–1991; 1995–2023)
Zell Miller, Lieutenant Governor of Georgia (1975-1991)

; State legislative leaders

Donald Avenson, Speaker of the Iowa House of Representatives (1983–1990)
Lowell Junkins, Majority Leader of the Iowa Senate
David Roberti, President pro tempore of the California State Senate (1981–1991) (previously endorsed Alan Cranston)

; State legislators

Julian Bond, member of the Georgia State Senate from the 39th district (1975–1987)

; Mayors

Richard Arrington Jr., Mayor of Birmingham, Alabama (1979–1999)
Tom Bradley, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (1973-1993)
Coleman Young, Mayor of Detroit, Michigan (1974-1994)

; Organizations and unions

AFL–CIO
Alabama Democratic Conference
National Education Association
National Organization for Women

; Party officials

Edward Campbell, former chair of the Iowa Democratic Party
Donald Fowler, chair of the South Carolina Democratic Party (1971–1980)
Betty Strong, chair of the Woodbury County Democratic Party
Edward Vrdolyak, chair of the Cook County Democratic Party (1982-1987)

;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Actress Ellen Burstyn{{cite web |title=Campaign '84;NEWLN:Celebrity train runs out of steam before Democratic convention
Actor Paul Newman

Hart had received endorsements from: ; U.S. House of Representatives

Patricia Schroeder, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Colorado's 1st congressional district (1973-1997)
Chuck Schumer, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1981-1999)
Mo Udall, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona's 2nd congressional district (1961-1991)
Henry A. Waxman, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1975-2015)

; Governors

Bob Kerrey, Governor of Nebraska (1983–1987)

; Statewide officials

Lynn Simons, 17th Wyoming Superintendent of Public Instruction (1979–1991)
Nancy Stevenson, 83rd Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina (1979–1983)

; State legislators

Harry Chapman, member of the South Carolina Senate

; Local officials

Roger Watson, member of the Mason, Iowa city council

; Party officials

David Manley, chair of the Cerro Gordo County Democratic Party (switched endorsement to Alan Cranston)
Shirley Schommer, vice-chair of the Vermont Democratic Party

;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Actor and director Warren Beatty
Actress Goldie Hawn
Singer Don Henley
Singer Carole King
Actor Hal Linden
Actress Penny Marshall
Actor Walter Matthau
Actor Jack Nicholson
Actor Robert Redford
Comedian Robin Williams
Actress Debra Winger

Jackson had received endorsements from: ; U.S. House of Representatives

Shirley Chisholm,former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 12th congressional district (1969–1983)
Ron Dellums, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1971–1998)
Walter E. Fauntroy, delegate in the U.S. House of Representatives from Washington, D.C. (1971-1991)

; Governors

Orval E. Faubus, Former Governor of Arkansas (1955-1967)

; State legislators

Tyrone Brooks, member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1981–2015)
Michael Figures, member of the Alabama Senate from the 33rd district (1978–1996)
Earl Hilliard Sr., member of the Alabama Senate (1980–1993)
Henry Sanders, member of the Alabama Senate from the 23rd district (1983–2018)

; Mayors

Marion Barry, Mayor of the District of Columbia (1979–1991; 1995–1999)
Johnny Ford, Mayor of Tuskegee, Alabama
Richard G. Hatcher, Mayor of Gary, Indiana (1968-1988)
Carl Officer, Mayor of East St. Louis, Illinois

;Organizations and unions

Church of God in Christ
Nation of Islam
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
National Farmers Alliance
National Hispanic Leadership Conference

; Local officials

Frank Smith, member of the Council of the District of Columbia (1983–1999)

;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Muhammad Ali
Singer Harry Belafonte
Ecologist Barry Commoner
Comedian Bill Cosby

Glenn had received endorsements from: ; U.S. Senators

Sam Nunn, U.S. Senator from Georgia (1972–1997)
Jim Sasser, U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1977–1995)
Paul Tsongas, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1979–1985)

; U.S. House of Representatives

Jerry Huckaby, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana's 5th congressional district (1977–1993)

; Governors

Chuck Robb, 64th Governor of Virginia (1982–1986)

; Statewide officials

Bill Baxley, 24th Lieutenant Governor of Alabama (1983–1987)
Tommy Irvin, Georgia Commissioner of Agriculture (1969–2011)

; State legislators

Larry Walker, member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1973–2005)

; Local officials

Tom Tully, mayor of Dubuque, Iowa (1978)

; Party officials

Lee Campbell, chair of the Union County Democratic Party
Pat Gilroy, chair of the Johnson County Democratic Party
Frank Rasmussen, chair of the Scott County Democratic Party
Billy Snook, chair of the Wayne County Democratic Party

McGovern had received endorsements from: ; U.S. Senators

James Abourezk, former U.S. Senator from South Dakota (1973–1979)

; Party officials

Stan Kading, co-chair of the Adair County Democratic Party
Judy Wilson, chair of the Polk County Democratic Party

Askew had received endorsements from: ; U.S. Senators

Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator from Florida (1971–1989)

; U.S. House of Representatives

Dante Fascell, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida (1955–1993)
Bill Chappell, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's 4th congressional district (1969–1989)
Sam Gibbons, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida (1963–1997)
Dan Mica, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida (1979–1989)

; Governors

Bob Graham, 38th Governor of Florida (1979–1987)

; Local officials

Eva Mack, mayor of West Palm Beach, Florida

; Party officials

Joseph Tilley, chair of the Greene County Democratic Party

Hollings had received endorsements from: ;United States Senate

Former U.S. Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana
Former U.S. Senator William B. Spong, Jr. of Virginia ;State Constitutional officers
Lieutenant Governor Martha Griffiths of Michigan
State Senator Anna Belle Clement O'Brien of Tennessee
Lieutenant Governor Nancy Stevenson of South Carolina

Cranston had received endorsements from: ; U.S. House of Representatives

Glenn M. Anderson, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1969–1993)
Howard Berman, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1983–2013)
George Brown Jr., member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1963–1971; 1973–1999)
Sala Burton, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 5th congressional district (1983–1987)
Don Edwards, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1963–1995)
William Lehman, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida (1973–1993)
Mel Levine, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 27th congressional district (1983–1993)
Matthew G. Martínez, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1982–2001)
Esteban Torres, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 34th congressional district (1983–1999)

; Governors

Jerry Brown, former Governor of California (1975–1983)

; State legislative leaders

Willie Brown, Speaker of the California State Assembly (1980–1995)
David Roberti, President pro tempore of the California State Senate (1980–1991)

; Party officials

David Manley, chair of the Cerro Gordo County Democratic Party (previously endorsed Gary Hart)

; Business executives and leaders

Sheldon Adelson, CEO of Las Vegas Sands

;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Margie Adam, singer and songwriter
Cesar Chavez, President of United Farm Workers

Uncommitted delegations had received endorsements from: ; Governors

George Ariyoshi, 3rd Governor of Hawaii (1973–1986)

; Mayors

Eileen Anderson, 10th Mayor of Honolulu (1981–1985)

Opinion polling

Polling aggregation

The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from March 1983 to June 1984.

1984

Poll source	Publication
Gallup	June 6-8, 1984
Gallup	May 18-20, 1984
Gallup	May 3-5, 1984
New York Times
CBS News	Apr. 23-26, 1984
Gallup	Apr. 11-15, 1984
Harris	Apr. 4-8, 1984
New York Times
CBS News	Mar. 21-24, 1984
Gallup	Mar. 16-18, 1984
Harris	Mar. 15-17, 1984
USA Today	Mar. 9, 1984
New York Times
CBS News	Mar. 5-8, 1984
Gallup	Mar. 2-6, 1984
Harris	Mar. 1-3, 1984
Gallup	Mar. 1-2, 1984
New York Times
CBS News	Feb. 21-25, 1984
Washington Post
ABC News	Feb. 13-15, 1984
title=US President - D Primaries (Polling)	url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=55208&ShowAllMUPoll=Y	website=OurCampaigns	access-date=31 March 2020	archive-date=7 February 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207111714/https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=55208&ShowAllMUPoll=Y	url-status=live }}	Feb. 10-13, 1984
Harris	Feb. 9-11, 1984
Gallup	Jan. 27-30, 1984
New York Times
CBS News	Jun. 14-21, 1984
Gallup	Jan. 13-16, 1984
Harris	Dec. 31-Jan. 2, 1984

1983

Poll source	Publication
Washington Post
ABC News	Dec. 9-13, 1983
Gallup	Dec. 9-12, 1983
Harris	Oct.-Nov., 1983
Gallup	Nov. 18-21, 1983
Gallup	Oct. 21-24, 1983
Gallup	Oct. 7-10, 1983
Gallup	Sep. 9-12, 1983
Harris	Jul. 14-Aug. 22, 1983
2%	8%
Gallup	Jul. 22-25, 1983
Los Angeles Times	Jun. 26-30, 1983
Penn-Schoen	Jun. 24-28, 1983
New York Times
CBS News	Jun. 20-26, 1983
Gallup	Jun. 10-13, 1983
Gallup	Apr. 29-31, 1983
Penn-Scheon	Apr. 23-24, 1983
Harris	Apr. 7-10, 1983
Gallup	Mar. 11-14, 1983

1982

Poll source	Date(s)
Gallup	Apr. 23–26, 1982
Gallup	July 30–Aug. 2, 1982
title=Poll Finds Democrats Favor Mondale for '84	date=15 Jan 1983	work=The New York Times	page=11}}	Dec. 10–13, 1982

Results by state

Date
(daily totals)	Total pledged
delegates	Contest	Delegates won and popular vote	Total	Reference	Walter Mondale	Gary Hart	Jesse Jackson	John Glenn	Uncommitted	Others	February 20	0	[Iowa caucus](1984-iowa-democratic-presidential-caucuses)	February 28	12	[New Hampshire primary](1984-new-hampshire-democratic-presidential-primary)	March 4	0	[Maine caucus](1984-maine-democratic-presidential-caucuses)	March 6	0	Vermont primary	March 10	12	Wyoming caucus	March 13	52	Alabama primary	123	Florida primary	84	Georgia primary	0	Hawaii caucus	106	Massachusetts primary	0	Nevada caucus	0	Oklahoma caucus	22	Rhode Island primary	66	Washington caucus	March 14	18	Delaware caucus	12	North Dakota caucus	March 15	0	Alaska caucus	March 17	42	Arkansas caucus	5	Latin American Democrats caucus	Kentucky urban caucus	155	Michigan caucus	43	Mississippi caucus	3	Panama Canal Zone	43	South Carolina caucus	March 18	53	Puerto Rico caucus	March 20	194	[Illinois primary](1984-illinois-democratic-presidential-primary)	78	Minnesota caucus	March 24	44	Kansas caucus	March 24–26	78	Virginia caucus	March 25	20	Montana caucus	March 27	60	Connecticut primary	March 31	0	Oklahoma county convention	April 3	0	Wisconsin primary	April 3	285	New York primary	April 7	69	Louisiana caucus	0	Wisconsin caucus	0	Iowa county conventions	April 10	117	Pennsylvania primary	April 14	40	Arizona caucus	29	Oklahoma district conventions	April 15	8	New Hampshire convention	April 16	24	Utah caucus	April 17	83	Missouri caucus	April 24	0	Vermont caucus	7	Guam caucus	April ?	0	Nevada county convention	May 1	16	Washington D.C. primary	76	Tennessee primary	May 5	34	Iowa district conventions	186	Texas caucus	53	Wisconsin congressional district caucus	May 6	27	Maine convention	18	Oklahoma state convention	17	Nevada convention	May 7	48	Colorado caucus	May 8	80	Indiana primary	70	Maryland primary	80	North Carolina primary	176	Ohio primary	May 13	11	Alaska convention	May 15	24	Nebraska primary	47	Oregon primary	May 19	6	American Samoa caucus	May 22	20	Idaho primary	May 26	19	Hawaii convention	17	Vermont convention	18	Wisconsin at-large delegates	June 2	55	Pennsylvania convention	June 5	333	California primary	73	[New Jersey primary](1984-new-jersey-democratic-presidential-primary)	27	New Mexico primary	15	South Dakota primary	35	West Virginia primary	June 9	24	Iowa conventions	June 16	34	[New Jersey convention](1984-new-jersey-democratic-presidential-primary)	Total
48.9%	16.5%	1.5%	3.5%	9.4%	20.2%
**6
28,173
(27.88%)**	**6
37,702
(37.31%)**
5,311
(5.26%)
12,088
(11.96%)
17,671
(17.49%)
101,045
7,364
(43.73%)	**8,540
(50.71%)**	105
(0.62%)	52
(0.31%)	602
(3.57%)	178
(1.06%)	16,841
14,985
(20.25%)	**51,873
(70.08%)**	5,761
(7.78%)			1,399
(1.89%)	74,018	{{sfn	Vermont	1984	p=26}}
4
1,266
(35.84%)	**8
2,153
(60.96%)**
15
(0.42%)
3
(0.08%)
101
(2.86%)
8
(0.23%)	3,532
**23
116,920
(27.30%)**	11
88,465
(20.66%)	9
83,787
(19.56%)	9
89,286
(20.85%)
4,464
(1.04%)
45,361
(10.59%)	428,283	title=Election Results Archive - President - Primary Elections	work=Secretary of State of Alabama	url=https://www.sos.alabama.gov/alabama-votes/voter/election-data	access-date=2024-02-14	archive-date=2023-05-04	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504144750/https://www.sos.alabama.gov/alabama-votes/voter/election-data	url-status=live }}
**57
394,350
(35.66%)**	36
463,799
(41.94%)	0
144,263
(13.05%)	0
128,209
(11.59%)		30
51,669
(4.67%)	1,105,750
24
208,588
(30.47%)	**28
186,903
(27.30%)**	17
143,730
(21.00%)	1
122,744
(17.93%)
3,068
(0.45%)
19,508
(2.85%)	684,541
911
(32.3%)		118
(4.2%)		**1,790
(63.5%)**
41
160,893
(25.14%)	**52
245,943
(38.43%)**
31,824
(4.97%)
45,456
(7.10%)
5,080
(0.79%)	13
196,305
(30.67%)
640,045
(37.7%)	(52.3%)	(0.6%)	(2%)	(7.2%)	(0.2%)	5,000
(39.7%)	(41.4%)	(3.8%)	(5.0%)	(10.1%)		42,000
10
15,338 (34.46%)	**12
20,011 (44.96%)**	3,875 (8.71%)	2,249 (5.05%)	439 (0.99%)
2,599 (5.84%)	44,511
31
**34
**	1




**13
**	5



3

**8
**	4





**24
**	9
7


2

1
9
7


**4
**







**95
**	49
9


2

**23
**	4
12


4

				3
15
7
**16
**

10

**53
**





**114
**	42
6


32

**51
**	3
2


22

**24
**	16



4

**31
**	13
22


12

3
**13
**


4

23
**36
**	1


4

(41.1%)	(50.8%)	(1.3%)		(6.6%)		945
261,374
(41.11%)	**282,435
(44.42%)**	62,524
(9.83%)	6,398
(1.01%)		23,037
(3.62%)	635,768
**155
**	77
51


2

16
21
**24
**

8

1,419	952	86	0	0	0
1,654	949	36	0	314	248
81	14	16	1	4	1
**19
**	**19
**	1


1

13	16
3	3

2

4
**14
**


6

**53
**	9
15


6

431	691	215		87			date=May 24, 1984	title=Hart	page=8	work=Rutland Herald	url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/rutland-daily-herald/141279437/	url-status=live	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217204217/https://www.newspapers.com/article/rutland-daily-herald/141279437/	archive-date=February 17, 2024	via=Newspapers.com}}
**6.25
**	0.75





4

**12
**



**35
**	21
15


5

20	13	0	0	0	1
**100
**	38
30


18

31	17	5	0	0	0
12	13			2
6	12
6	11

**45
**


3

31
293,413	**38
299,491**	7
98,190
16,046
4
9,815
**47
**	3
17


3

**47
**	18
14


1

**80
**	**80
**	10


6

6	4	1
8
**16
**




18
**29
**




**6
**





6
**11
**


3

6				13
5	8	3		1
5	2	0	0	11	0
55	0	0	0	0	0
91
1,049,342	**207
1,155,399**	30
546,693
96,770
122,573	5
**68
305,516 (45.16%)**	1
200,948 (29.70%)	4
159,788 (23.62%)			10,309 (1.52%)	676,561
13
**14
**




6
20,495 (38.99%)	**9
26,641 (50.69%)**	2,738 (5.21%)		1,304 (2.48%)	1,383 (2.63%)	52,561
**22
198,776 (51.91%)**	13
137,866 (38.09%)
24,697 (6.82%)
632 (0.17%)	361,971
15	7	0	0	0	1
34	0	0	0	0	0

When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, Mondale said: "Let's tell the truth. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won't tell you. I just did." Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate, the choice of taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances.

Vice-Presidential nominee

Mondale chose U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York as his running mate and she was confirmed by acclamation, making her the first woman nominated for that position by a major party.

Aides later said that Mondale was determined to establish a precedent with his vice presidential candidate, considering San Francisco Mayor (Later U.S. Senator) Dianne Feinstein and Governor of Kentucky Martha Layne Collins, who were also female; Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, a Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination. Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a "P.R. parade of personalities"; however, he praised Mondale for his choice.

Others however preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival Gary Hart had also been lobbying for the vice-presidential spot on the ticket once it became apparent that Mondale had clinched the majority of delegates; Hart's supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan, an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the President.

Politicians considered for vice presidential nomination: File:Lloyd Bentsen, bw photo as senator.jpg|Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas File:Dale Bumpers.jpg|Senator Dale Bumpers of Arkansas File:Henry Cisneros.jpg|Mayor Henry Cisneros of San Antonio, Texas File:Martha Layne Collins, governor of Kentucky, Nov 8, 1986.jpg|Governor Martha Layne Collins of Kentucky File:DianneFeinstein.jpg|Mayor Dianne Feinstein of San Francisco, California File:GeraldineFerraro.jpg|Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York File:Bob Graham, official Senate photo portrait, color.jpg|Governor Bob Graham of Florida File:Gary hart.jpg|Senator Gary Hart of Colorado File:JesseJackson.png|Reverend Jesse Jackson of Illinois File:Wilson Goode (1).jpg|Mayor Wilson Goode of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

References

Notes

Works cited

References

(July 20, 1984). "Hart Promises Mondale Full Support". Oakland Tribune.
(August 29, 1984). "Jesse Jackson Endorses Mondale; Maynard Jackson will be adviser". The Atlanta Constitution.
(July 19, 1984). "Glenn, Luken Cast Votes For Mondale". The Cincinnati Enquirer.
(June 14, 1984). "McGovern Backs Mondale". Argus-Leader.
(July 19, 1984). "'Different Democrat' Hears Last Hurrah Of Campaign". The Miami Herald.
(March 10, 1984). "'A New Sense of Direction'". The Greenville News.
(July 19, 1984). "Hart Picked Up Early California Support". The Napa Valley Register.
"Second former Florida governor surprise entry in N.H. Primary - UPI Archives".
(February 18, 1984). "Willis: I Will Represent The Common American". Concord Monitor.
(May 23, 1982). "Wallace". The Montgomery Advertiser.
(October 25, 1982). "Carter: Mondale's The One". The Macon Telegraph.
(December 2, 1982). "Kennedy Decision Creates Democratic Free-For-All". The Boston Globe.
(December 4, 1982). "Moynihan Sees His Role As Spokesman For Party". The New York Times.
(December 4, 1982). "Kennedy Soap Opera Never Fails To Keep Politicos Guessing". Waco Tribune-Herald.
(January 12, 1983). "Bradley Won't Seek '84 Presidency. But He Has Plan For The Candidate". The Central New Jersey Home News.
(February 10, 1983). "Udall Leaves Door Ajar For Nomination In '84". Arizona Daily Sun.
(April 6, 1983). "Money, Time Bar Race, Sen. Bumpers Says". Batesville Guard.
(April 21, 1983). "Sidelined Jerry Brown Assesses Political Arena For The '84 Race". The Akron Beacon Journal.
Harris, Art. (June 18, 1983). "Cranston Is First in Straw Vote Of Alabama Young Democrats". [[The Washington Post]].
Raines, Howell. (June 12, 1983). "Cranston Beats Mondale In Wisconsin Democratic Straw Poll". [[The New York Times]].
(June 19, 1983). "Around The Nation; Cranston Bests Hollings In Alabama Straw Poll". [[The New York Times]].
Broder, David. (October 1, 1983). "Mondale Captures Maine Straw Poll, AFL-CIO Backing". [[The Washington Post]].
(19 February 1984). "Candidates Facing First Major Test in Iowa Caucuses". The New York Times.
"Caucus history: Past years' results".
"Jesse Jackson's 'Hymietown' Remark – 1984". [[The Washington Post]].
(March 8, 1984). "Hart, Mondale Get 6 Delegates". [[Concord Monitor]].
(March 1, 1984). "Hollings Withdraws From Democratic Race". [[Concord Monitor]].
(March 2, 1984). "New Hampshire Reality Punctures 3 Candidates' White House Dreams". [[Concord Monitor]].
(April 18, 1984). "Playing for delegates". [[Concord Monitor]].
Raines, Howell. (February 19, 1984). "Candidates Facing First Major Test In Iowa Caucuses". [[The New York Times]].
(March 15, 1984). "Mondale's winning margin 3%". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
(March 14, 1984). "Mondale wins Georgia; Hart takes 5 states". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
(March 16, 1984). "Uncommitted delegates are a major factor". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
(April 1, 1984). "Uncommitted slate leads in Kentucky". [[Sioux City Journal]].
(April 4, 1984). "Polls show Jewish, union votes carry Mondale to victory". [[The Des Moines Register]].
(April 8, 1984). "Mondale trounces Hart in Wisconsin's caucuses". [[The Des Moines Register]].
(March 15, 1984). "Louisiana calls off primary, citing cost". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
(May 2, 1984). "Hart shut out in primaries". [[The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa).
Ed Magnuson. (1984-06-18). "Over the Top, Barely".
George J. Church. (1984-06-04). "A Big Bicoastal Finale".
(June 13, 1984). "Thurmond nominated for 6th term in Senate". [[The Des Moines Register]].
(June 13, 1984). "Mondale wins endorsement by McGovern". [[The Des Moines Register]].
[http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/conventions/chicago/facts/famous.speeches/mondale.84.shtml Mondale's Acceptance Speech, 1984] {{Webarchive. link. (2013-06-06 , AllPolitics)
Raines, Howell. (October 20, 1983). "Democrats Pursue Southern Support". The New York Times.
(March 14, 1984). "Isle Caucus Avoids Choice". [[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]].
Lynn, Frank. (March 7, 1984). "Hart Scores Again In Vermont Vote". [[The New York Times]].
(January 24, 1984). "Democrats Choose Delegates". [[The New York Times]].
(March 27, 1984). "No winner in Lee, WIse caucuses". Kingsport Times-News.
(March 10, 1984). "Roberti Endorses". [[Napa Valley Register]].
Lynn, Frank. (January 15, 1984). "State Drawing Presidential Hopefuls State". [[The New York Times]].
(January 29, 1984). "Mondale says he's offering voters a 'real Democrat'". [[The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa).
(March 14, 1984). "Isles' delegates mostly 'uncommitted'". [[Honolulu Star-Advertiser]].
Moses, Charles T.. (April 1, 1984). "Primary Called Test of Black Voting Power". Newsday (Suffolk Edition).
(June 10, 1984). "Andrus urges female Demo running mate". [[South Idaho Press]].
(March 10, 1984). "Hart, Mondale showdown today in state". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
(June 3, 1984). "Primaries". [[Star-Gazette]].
Raines, Howell. (January 29, 1984). "Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble For Glenn". The New York Times.
(March 10, 1984). "Roberti Endorses". [[Napa Valley Register]].
Smith, Hedrick. (February 25, 1984). "Experts Say The South Looks Blead For Glenn". The New York Times.
HOWELL RAINES. (November 4, 1983). "A Provocative Candidate". The New York Times.
Boyd, Gerald M.. (December 11, 1983). "Alabama Blacks' Group Decides To Back Mondale-Jackson Ticket". The New York Times.
Raines, Howell. (December 12, 1983). "MONDALE HAD GOOD '83 – NOW THE REAL TEST BEGINS". The New York Times.
(February 5, 1984). "Many voters still undecided, 'soft'". [[The Des Moines Register]].
Gailey, Phil. (December 5, 1983). "Political Potholes Ahead For Traveling Democrats". The New York Times.
Raines, Howell. (October 19, 1983). "Politics – Hart'S Tactics Askew'S Train And Film Anxieties". The New York Times.
Rainie, Harrison. (June 7, 1984). "Urge Hart to pack it in for unity". Daily News.
HOWELL RAINES. (February 26, 1984). "8 DEMOCRATS GIRD FOR KEY PRIMARY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE". The New York Times.
(March 8, 1984). "Senator Accuses Reagan of Using Divisive Issues". [[The Los Angeles Times]].
(March 16, 1984). "Kerrey could go to convention officially 'unpledged' delegate". [[The Grand Island Independent]].
(March 17, 1984). "State political leaders split between Hart and Mondale". [[The Greenville News]].
(April 25, 1984). "Vermont". [[Bennington Banner]].
Plotz, David. (1999-08-20). "Warren Beatty".
Smothers, Ronald. (November 4, 1983). "Jackson Declares Formal Candidacy". The New York Times.
Smothers, Ronald. (November 1, 1983). "Democratic Candidates Welcome Jackson Bid For Nomination". The New York Times.
(March 10, 1984). "Orval Faubus Supporting Jackson". The Charlotte Observer.
Smothers, Ronald. (January 15, 1984). "Jackson Attracts Crowds, But Planning Is Erratic". The New York Times.
(January 14, 1984). "Qualifying ends for Democratic delegates". [[Montgomery Advertiser]].
Ronald Smothers. (March 12, 1984). "Alabama Black Leaders Are Urging Pragmatism In Supporting Mondale". The New York Times.
(April 27, 1984). "Jackson Favored In D.C. Primary". [[The Burlington Free Press]].
Boyd, Gerald M.. (February 14, 1984). "Black Churches A Mainspring Of Jackson'S Efforts". The New York Times.
Raines, Howell. (December 2, 1983). "Jackson Gets Support, Apparently Without Poll Of The Group". The New York Times.
(August 30, 1983). "Barry Commoner Vows To Back Jesse Jackson". [[The New York Times]].
(January 21, 1984). "Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale". [[The Boston Globe]].
(September 25, 1984). "Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale". [[Kingsport Times-News]].
Raines, Howell. (January 29, 1984). "Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble for Glenn". [[The New York Times]].
Smith, Hedrick. (November 25, 1983). "Iowa Democrats Say Only Mondale's Margin Of Victory In Doubt". [[The New York Times]].
(December 9, 1983). "James Abourezk Supports McGovern". Argus-Leader.
(February 25, 1984). "Experts Say the South Loks Bleak for Glenn". [[The New York Times]].
(January 24, 1984). "Democrats Choose Delegates". [[The New York Times]].
(February 7, 1984). "Askew Tells Mobile He 'Feels Good' About Race". [[The New York Times]].
"South Carolina Political Collections – University Libraries | University of South Carolina".
Tom Sherwood. (December 15, 1983). "Del. Pickett to Head Mondale's Va. Race". [[The Washington Post]].
(10 February 1984). "Winchester Star Newspaper Archives February 10, 1984 Page 18".
"Anna Belle Clement O'Brien passes away at 86".
(April 21, 1983). "Sidelined Jerry Brown Assesses Political Arena For The '84 Race". The Akron Beacon Journal.
(February 15, 1984). "Mason City shows how campaigns stand". [[Globe Gazette]].
(December 18, 1983). "Campaign Fund-Raisers Lift Art Of Arm-Twisting To A Science". Reno Gazette-Journal.
(February 23, 1984). "Singer Provides A Night Of Music To Cranston's Ear". Concord Monitor.
(December 2, 1983). "UFW May Picket Mondale Affair". Turlock Journal.
(June 14, 1984). "Majority Of Democrats Would Like Hart For Vice President". The Tampa Tribune.
(May 27, 1984). "Hart Campaign Gets A Shot In The Arm". The Chapel Hill News.
(May 13, 1984). "Reagan Leads Mondale, Hart By Same Margin". Danville Register and Bee.
(May 27, 1984). "Hart Campaign Gets A Shot In The Arm". The Chapel Hill News.
(April 29, 1984). "Jackson Gains Approval, But Perhaps Not Enough, Poll Finds". Statesman Journal.
(April 19, 1984). "Mondale Has Lead But Hart Has Better Rating". The Chapel Hill News.
(March 19, 1984). "Mondale Moves Into Lead". The Lincoln Star.
(March 27, 1984). "Poll Shows Shifting Political Allegiances". Lexington Herald-Leader.
(March 25, 1984). "Mondale, Hart Race Rated As Standoff". Star Tribune.
(April 16, 1984). "Hart, Mondale Neck and Neck". The Californian.
(9 Mar 1984). "Hart, Mondale Even in National Poll". The Pantagraph.
(March 27, 1984). "Poll Shows Shifting Political Allegiances". Lexington Herald-Leader.
(March 8, 1984). "Hart Leads Reagan, Gallup Poll Says". Rutland Daily Herald.
(March 6, 1984). "Latest Victories Pump Hart's Momentum". Anchorage Times.
(March 5, 1984). "Gallup Poll Says Hart, Mondale Neck and Neck". Rutland Daily Herald.
(February 28, 1984). "Jackson Says He Erred, Asks Voters To Forgive Him For 'Hymie' Remarks". The Charlotte Observer.
(February 18, 1984). "Mondale Still Leads Pack Of Hopefuls, Poll Shows". The Greenville News.
"US President - D Primaries (Polling)".
(February 20, 1984). "Mondale Extends Margin Over Glenn". Florida Today.
(January 25, 1984). "REAGAN BACKED STRONGLY IN POLL". The New York Times.
(January 23, 1984). "Mondale Gains As Glenn Slips". Chronicle Tribune.
(December 16, 1983). "Poll: Mondale Holds Big Lead". The Greenville News.
(July 7, 1983). "Mondale Takes Strong Lead In Democrat Presidential Race". The Oregonian.
(July 7, 1983). "Mondale Preferred Over Glenn". The Cincinnati Enquirer.
(July 9, 1983). "Glenn At Top Of Poll That Pits Reagan Against Democrats". The News and Observer.
(July 7, 1983). "Poll Finds Glenn Leading Mondale". The Oregonian.
(July 4, 1983). "...But Poll Shows Most Believe That He Should". Longview News-Journal.
(May 4, 1983). "Mondale Against Glenn: Who's On First". The Knoxville News-Sentinel.
(May 16, 1983). "Mondale Against Glenn: Who's On First". Florida Today.
(16 May 1982). "Gallup Poll Has Kennedy Leading Democrats". The New York Times.
(15 Jan 1983). "Poll Finds Democrats Favor Mondale for '84". The New York Times.
(February 12, 1984). "Campaign '84 Calendar". [[The Des Moines Register]].
(March 5, 1984). "Hart carries momentum in Maine". [[Argus Leader]].
Quinn, Francis. (March 6, 1984). "Maine campaigners react to aftermath from caucuses". [[Kennebec Journal]].
(March 7, 1984). "Vermont Lines Up With Hart". [[Concord Monitor]].
(March 11, 1984). "Hart wins solid victory in Wyoming". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
(March 11, 1984). "Hart supporters pleased with 'undebatable' win". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
(May 6, 1984). "Democrats give Hart 8-4 edge of delegates to national convention". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
"Election Results Archive - President - Primary Elections". [[Secretary of State of Alabama]].
(March 20, 1984). "Mondale increases delegate lead". [[Alexander City Outlook]].
"March 13, 1984 Presidential Preference Primary Democratic Primary". [[Secretary of State of Florida]].
(March 15, 1984). "Delegate picture a puzzle". [[Miami Herald]].
(March 15, 1984). "Hart, Mondale fight for Askew delegates". [[Miami Herald]].
(March 15, 1984). "A Look at the Delegate Count". [[Ledger-Enquirer]].
(March 14, 1984). "Super". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
(March 14, 1984). "Hawai'i votes 2-1 in favor of uncommitted". [[Hawaii Tribune-Herald]].
(March 14, 1984). "The McGovern 13 are now up for grabs". [[The Boston Globe]].
(March 14, 1984). "Nevada (caucuses)". Fort Lauderdale News.
(March 20, 1984). "Hart Won Caucuses In Oklahoma". [[The New York Times]].
(March 16, 1984). "Super Tuesday at a Glance". [[Miami Herald]].
(March 15, 1984). "Alaska Democrats To Caucus Tonight". [[Daily Sitka Sentinel]].
(March 16, 1984). "Hart Wins Alaska Caucus". [[Daily Sitka Sentinel]].
(March 18, 1984). "Results at a glance". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
(April 1, 1984). "Demo convention turnout is heavy". Okmulgee Daily Times.
(April 1, 1984). "County Meetings Increase Hart's Oklahoma Lead". [[The Oklahoman]].
(April 6, 1984). "Democratic caucuses start again Saturday". [[Iowa City Press-Citizen]].
(April 9, 1984). "Iowa's Democratic delegate count". [[The Des Moines Register]].
(April 28, 1984). "134 for Mondale". [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]].
(May 27, 1984). "Mondale expects state Democrat votes". [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]].
(April 15, 1984). "Hart Captures Lead in State". [[The Oklahoman]].
(April 16, 1984). "Chambers To Head Delegates". [[Valley News]].
(May 24, 1984). "Hart". [[Rutland Herald]].
(April 23, 1984). "Nevada County Conventions". [[San Francisco Examiner]].
(May 6, 1984). "Iowa's Democratic delegate count". [[The Des Moines Register]].
Rawson, Davis. (May 7, 1984). "Hart emerges from convention with margin of 1 delegate". [[Bangor Daily News]].
(May 6, 1984). "Hart Increases Delegate Lead in State". [[The Oklahoman]].
(May 7, 1984). "Hart wins in Nevada". [[The Press Democrat]].
"Our Campaigns - IN US President - D Primary Race - May 08, 1984".
(May 14, 1984). "Mondale Gains Most From Alaska Demos". [[Daily Sitka Sentinel]].
(May 27, 1984). "Isle Democrats tilt toward Mondale". [[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]].
(May 27, 1984). "Hart Splits Delegates With Foes". [[Rutland Herald]].
(June 3, 1984). "Mondale camp wins dispute, Pa. delegates". [[The Philadelphia Inquirer]].
"Our Campaigns - CA US President - D Primary Race - Jun 05, 1984".
(June 7, 1984). "Mondale to garner 102 N.J. delegates". [[Herald News]].
(June 25, 1984). "State Democrats name delegates". Lead Daily Call.
(June 7, 1984). "Politics". [[The Cincinnati Enquirer]].
(June 10, 1984). "Mondale appears winner of more Iowa delegates". [[Sioux City Journal]].
(June 11, 1984). "Deadlock delays vote". [[The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa).
(June 17, 1984). "N.J. Gives More Votes To Mondale". [[The Press of Atlantic City]].
(July 2, 1984). "Trying to Win the Peace".

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

1984-united-states-democratic-presidential-primaries george-mcgovern walter-mondale jesse-jackson john-glenn

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report