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List of United States senators from Massachusetts

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(D) (D) Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts. According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913, U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term. Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1, and terms begin on January 3, about two months after the vote. Before 1914, and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment, the state's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court, and before 1935, their terms began March 4.

The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey. Ted Kennedy was Massachusetts's longest-serving senator, serving from 1962 until his death in 2009. Massachusetts is one of fourteen states alongside California, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Utah to have a younger senior senator and an older junior senator.

Mid-term vacancy appointment processes

Through the 20th century, mid-term vacancies were filled with the governor's appointee, with the appointment expiring at the next biennial state election. In 2004, the Democratic-controlled state legislature changed the vacancy-filling process, mandating that a special election occur, which removed the governor's appointment power. This statute was enacted over the veto by the governor, Mitt Romney. The leadership of the Massachusetts legislature at the time was concerned that the Republican Governor Mitt Romney would appoint a Republican if Democratic Senator John Kerry were elected president of the United States in the 2004 election. Generally, the law requires a special election within 145 to 160 days from the date of the filing of a Senate resignation. The law contemplates resignations that become effective some period of time after the filing of the resignation, so long as the election occurs after effective date of the resignation.

While terminally ill with brain cancer, Ted Kennedy requested that the Massachusetts legislature change the law to allow an interim appointment. Kennedy died shortly thereafter, and the legislature quickly passed a bill providing for an interim appointment. On September 24, 2009, Governor Deval Patrick signed the bill, and appointed Paul G. Kirk, who had previously served as one of Kennedy's congressional aides and as chairman of the Democratic National Committee.

List of senators

|- style="height:2em" ! 1 Tristram Dalton | | Pro- Admin. | Mar 4, 1789 – Mar 3, 1791 | Elected in 1788.Lost re-election. | 1 | Jun 1, 1796 Admin.](federalist-party) Caleb Strong ! rowspan=4 | 1

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=3 | 2 George Cabot Admin.](federalist-party) Jun 9, 1796 |

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|- style="height:2em" | | Federalist | | Federalist

|- style="height:2em" | Jun 9, 1796 – Jun 11, 1796 | Vacant | Vacant | Jun 1, 1796 – Jun 11, 1796

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=5 | 3 Benjamin Goodhue Nov 8, 1800 | Elected to finish Cabot's term. Mar 3, 1799 Theodore Sedgwick ! rowspan=2 | 2

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|- style="height:2em" | Elected in 1798.Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of War. | Mar 4, 1799 – May 30, 1800 | | Federalist Samuel Dexter ! 3

|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | May 31, 1800 – Jun 5, 1800

|- style="height:2em" Mar 3, 1803 Dwight Foster ! rowspan=4 | 4

|- style="height:2em" | Nov 8, 1800 – Nov 14, 1800 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=3 | 4 Jonathan Mason Mar 3, 1803

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|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | Mar 2, 1803 – Mar 3, 1803

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=3 | 5 John Quincy Adams Jun 8, 1808 | | Elected to finish Dexter's term. Mar 3, 1811 Timothy Pickering ! rowspan=5 | 5

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|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=5 | 6 James Lloyd May 1, 1813 | Elected to finish Adams's term, having already been elected to the next term.

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|- style="height:2em" | State Senate failed to elect. | nowrap | Mar 4, 1811 – Jun 28, 1811

|- style="height:2em" Mar 3, 1817 Republican](democratic-republican-party) Joseph Bradley Varnum ! rowspan=7 | 6

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|- style="height:2em" | May 1, 1813 – May 5, 1813 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=2 | 7 Christopher Gore May 30, 1816 | Appointed to finish Lloyd's term.

|- style="height:2em" | Elected to full term in 1815.Resigned.

|- style="height:2em" | May 31, 1816 – Jun 11, 1816 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=2 | 8 May 10, 1818

|- style="height:2em" May 30, 1822 Harrison Gray Otis ! rowspan=7 | 7

|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | May 11, 1818 – Jun 4, 1818 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=2 | 9 Prentiss Mellen May 15, 1820

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|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | May 16, 1820 – Jun 12, 1820 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=8 | 10 Elijah H. Mills Mar 3, 1827 | Elected to finish Gore's term.

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|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | nowrap | May 30, 1822 – Jun 5, 1822

|- style="height:2em" | Elected to finish Otis's term. May 23, 1826 James Lloyd ! rowspan=3 | 8

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|- style="height:2em" Republican](national-republican-party) | | National Republican

|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | nowrap | May 23, 1826 – May 31, 1826

|- style="height:2em" Mar 3, 1835 Republican](national-republican-party) Nathaniel Silsbee ! rowspan=6 | 9

|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | Mar 4, 1827 – Jun 8, 1827 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=9 | 11 Daniel Webster Republican](national-republican-party) Feb 22, 1841

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|- style="height:2em" | Jan 5, 1841 | | National Republican John Davis ! rowspan=3 | 10

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|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | nowrap | Jan 5, 1841 – Jan 13, 1841

|- style="height:2em" Mar 16, 1845 Isaac C. Bates ! rowspan=5 | 11

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=3 | 12 Rufus Choate Mar 3, 1845

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|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=5 | 13 Daniel Webster Jul 22, 1850

|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | nowrap | Mar 16, 1845 – Mar 24, 1845

|- style="height:2em" | Elected to finish Bates's term. Mar 3, 1853 John Davis ! rowspan=8 | 12

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|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | Jul 23, 1850 – Jul 30, 1850 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! 14 Robert C. Winthrop | | Whig | nowrap | Jul 30, 1850 – Feb 1, 1851 | Appointed to continue Webster's term.Lost election to finish Webster's term.

|- style="height:2em" ! 15 Robert Rantoul Jr. | | Democratic | nowrap | Feb 1, 1851 – Mar 3, 1851 | Elected to finish Webster's term.Retired.

|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | Mar 4, 1851 – Apr 24, 1851

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=16 | 16 Charles Sumner Mar 11, 1874

|- style="height:2em" | Elected in 1853.Resigned. | Mar 4, 1853 – Jun 1, 1854 | | Whig Edward Everett ! 13

|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | Jun 1, 1854 – Jun 3, 1854

|- style="height:2em" | Appointed to continue Everett's term.Successor was elected. | Jun 3, 1854 – Jan 31, 1855 | | Whig Julius Rockwell ! 14

|- style="height:2em" Mar 3, 1873 | | Know Nothing Henry Wilson ! rowspan=10 | 15

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|- style="height:2em" | | Re-elected in 1871.Resigned to become the Vice President of the United States.

|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | nowrap | Mar 3, 1873 – Mar 17, 1873

|- style="height:2em" Mar 3, 1877 George S. Boutwell ! rowspan=4 | 16

|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | Mar 12, 1874 – Apr 16, 1874 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! 17 William B. Washburn | | Republican | nowrap | Apr 17, 1874 – Mar 3, 1875 | Elected to finish Sumner's term.Retired.

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=9 | 18 Henry L. Dawes Mar 3, 1893 |

|- style="height:2em" | Sep 30, 1904 George F. Hoar ! rowspan=14 | 17

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|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=18 | 19 Henry Cabot Lodge Nov 9, 1924 |

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|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | nowrap | Sep 30, 1904 – Oct 12, 1904

|- style="height:2em" Mar 3, 1913 Winthrop M. Crane ! rowspan=5 | 18

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|- style="height:2em" | Mar 3, 1919 John W. Weeks ! rowspan=3 | 19

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|- style="height:2em" | Mar 3, 1925 David I. Walsh ! rowspan=5 | 20

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|- style="height:2em" | Re-elected in 1922.Died.

|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | Nov 9, 1924 – Nov 13, 1924 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=2 | 20 William M. Butler Dec 6, 1926

|- style="height:2em" Mar 3, 1931 Frederick H. Gillett ! rowspan=4 | 21

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=14 | 21 David I. Walsh Jan 3, 1947

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|- style="height:2em" | Jan 3, 1937 Marcus A. Coolidge ! rowspan=3 | 22

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|- style="height:2em" | Feb 3, 1944 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. ! rowspan=4 | 23

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|- style="height:2em" | Re-elected in 1942.Resigned to return to active duty in the U.S. Army.

|- style="height:2em" | Vacant | nowrap | Feb 4, 1944 – Feb 7, 1944

|- style="height:2em" | Appointed to continue Lodge's term.Did not run for election to finish the term. | Feb 8, 1944 – Dec 19, 1944 | | Republican Sinclair Weeks ! 24

|- style="height:2em" Jan 3, 1967 Leverett Saltonstall ! rowspan=15 | 25

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|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=3 | 22 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Jan 3, 1953 |

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|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=4 | 23 John F. Kennedy Dec 22, 1960 |

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|- style="height:2em" | Re-elected in 1958.Resigned to become U.S. President.

|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | Dec 22, 1960 – Dec 27, 1960 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=2 | 24 Benjamin Smith Nov 7, 1962

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|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=26 | 25 Ted Kennedy Aug 25, 2009

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|- style="height:2em" | Jan 3, 1979 Edward Brooke ! rowspan=6 | 26

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|- style="height:2em" | Jan 2, 1985 Paul Tsongas ! rowspan=3 | 27

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|- style="height:2em" | Appointed to finish Tsongas's term, having already been elected to the next term. Feb 1, 2013 John Kerry ! rowspan=19 | 28

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|- style="height:2em" | nowrap | Aug 25, 2009 – Sep 24, 2009 | Vacant

|- style="height:2em" ! 26 Paul G. Kirk | | Democratic | nowrap | Sep 24, 2009 – Feb 4, 2010 | Appointed to continue Ted Kennedy's term.Did not run for election to finish the term.

|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=2 | 27 Scott Brown Jan 3, 2013

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|- style="height:2em" ! rowspan=10 | 28 Elizabeth Warren present

|- style="height:2em" | Appointed to continue Kerry's term.Did not run for election to finish the term. | nowrap | Feb 1, 2013 – Jul 15, 2013 | | Democratic Mo Cowan ! 29

|- style="height:2em" | Elected to finish Kerry's term. present Ed Markey ! rowspan=7 | 30

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|- style="height:2em" | | 41

References

References

  1. Belluck, Pam. (June 25, 2004). "Massachusetts Politicians Fight Over a Kerry Victory". [[The New York Times]].
  2. Zezima, Katie. (July 2, 2004). "National Briefing: Massachusetts: Senate Approves Interim-Appointment Bill". [[The New York Times]].
  3. Greenberger, Scott S.. (July 31, 2004). "Romney veto overridden: Governor can no longer fill vacancies in the US Senate". Boston Globe.
  4. Anderson, Rob. (July 16, 2004). "Devil in the Details: After Kerry, The Deluge". The American Prospect.
  5. (July 30, 2004). "Chapter 236 of the Acts of 2004". The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
  6. Viser, Matt. (September 23, 2009). "Legislature gives final approval to bill to fill Kennedy seat". The Boston Globe.
  7. "Massachusetts 1798 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  8. "Massachusetts 1800 U.S. Senate, Special". [[Tufts University]].
  9. "Massachusetts 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". [[Tufts University]].
  10. "Massachusetts 1805 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". [[Tufts University]].
  11. "Massachusetts 1808 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  12. (1905). "The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1906". The Press Publishing Co. [[New York World]].
  13. (Sep 25, 2009). "Paul Kirk officially appointed state's interim senator".
  14. (Jan 30, 2013). "Gov names adviser Mo Cowan to interim Senate post". Boston Herald.
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