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Georgios Kondylis

Greek politician and general (1879–1936)

Field	Value
name	Georgios Kondylis
native_name	Γεώργιος Κονδύλης
image	Georgios Kondylis.jpg
caption	Georgios Kondylis,
office	Regent of Greece
termstart	10 October 1935
termend	25 November 1935
primeminister	Himself
predecessor	Alexandros Zaimis(as President of Greece)
successor	George II(as King of the Hellenes)
office1	Prime Minister of Greece
monarch1	George II (from Nov 1935)
1blankname1	Regent
1namedata1	Himself (until Nov 1935)
term_start1	10 October 1935
term_end1	30 November 1935
predecessor1	Panagis Tsaldaris
successor1	Konstantinos Demertzis
president2	Pavlos Kountouriotis
predecessor2	Athanasios Eftaxias
successor2	Alexandros Zaimis
term_start2	23 August 1926
term_end2	4 December 1926
office3	Deputy Prime Minister of Greece
term_start3	5 April 1935
term_end3	10 October 1935
president3	Alexandros Zaimis
primeminister3	Panagis Tsaldaris
predecessor3	Andreas Michalakopoulos
successor3	Ioannis Theotokis
office4	Minister of Naval Affairs
termstart4	10 October 1935
termend4	16 October 1935
monarch4	Himself (as Regent)
primeminister4	Himself
predecessor4	Sofoklis Dousmanis
successor4	Georgios Rallis
termstart5	26 August 1926
termend5	4 December 1926
president5	Pavlos Kountouriotis
primeminister5	Himself
predecessor5	Ioannis Leonidas
successor5	Alexandros Kanaris
office6	Minister of Military Affairs
termstart6	10 March 1933
termend6	10 October 1935
president6	Alexandros Zaimis
primeminister6	Panagis Tsaldaris
predecessor6	Alexandros Othonaios
successor6	Alexandros Papagos
termstart7	4 November 1932
termend7	16 January 1933
president7	Alexandros Zaimis
primeminister7	Panagis Tsaldaris
predecessor7	Theodoros Chavinis
successor7	Georgios Katechakis
termstart8	26 August 1926
termend8	4 December 1926
president8	Pavlos Kountouriotis
primeminister8	Himself
predecessor8	Charalambos Tseroulis
successor8	Alexandros Mazarakis-Ainian
termstart9	12 March 1924
termend9	9 June 1924
president9	Pavlos Kountouriotis
primeminister9	Alexandros Papanastasiou
predecessor9	Konstantinos Gondikas
successor9	Theodoros Pangalos
office10	Minister of the Interior
termstart10	7 October 1924
termend10	15 June 1925
president10	Pavlos Kountouriotis
primeminister10	Andreas Michalakopoulos
predecessor10	Georgios Roussos
successor10	Georgios Maris
birth_date	14 August 1878
birth_place	Proussos, Kingdom of Greece
death_date	1 February 1936 (aged 57)
death_place	Athens, Kingdom of Greece
party	National Democratic Party
<!--Military service-->	allegiance	Greece Kingdom of Greece
branch
serviceyears	1896–1923
rank	[[File:GR-Army-OF8-1912.svg	15px]] Lieutenant General
battles
nickname	Thunder
Κεραυνός
awards	[[File:Order of the Redeemer Ribbon bar.svg	30px]] Order of the Redeemer
[[File:GRE Order of George I - Member or Silver Cross BAR.png	30px]] Order of George I
[[File:GRE War Cross 1917 1st class ribbon.svg	30px]] War Cross
[[File:Greek Medal of Military merit ribbon.png	30px]] Medal of Military Merit
[[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg	30px]] Legion of Honour
[[File:Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 ribbon.svg	30px]] Croix de Guerre
[[File:Dso-ribbon.svg	30px]] Distinguished Service Order
[[File:SRB-SHS-YUG Orden Belog Orla sa macevima Kavalir BAR.svg	30px]] Order of the White Eagle
[[File:Bravery Medal Milos Obilic, 1913 rib.png	30px]] Medal for Bravery

Greco-Turkish War (1897)
- Cretan Revolt (1897-1898)
Macedonian Struggle
Balkan Wars
- First Balkan War
  - Battle of Sarantaporo
  - Battle of Yenidje
- Second Balkan War
  - Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas
  - Battle of Kresna Gorge
World War I
- Macedonian front
  - Battle of Skra-di-Legen
Russian Civil War
- Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
  - Southern Front
    - Southern Russia Intervention
      - Soviet invasion of Ukraine
Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt Κεραυνός Georgios Kondylis (, romanized: Geórgios Kondýlis; 14 August 1878 – 1 February 1936) was a Greek general, politician and prime minister of Greece. He was nicknamed "Keravnos", Greek for "thunder" or "thunderbolt".

Military career

Georgios Kondylis during the Macedonian Struggle

Kondylis was born in Proussos. He enlisted in the army as a volunteer in 1896, and fought with the Greek expeditionary corps in Crete. He was later commissioned and participated in the Macedonian Struggle (1904–1908) leading his own guerrilla band, and was promoted to captain during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913). He supported the Movement of National Defence of Eleftherios Venizelos during the First World War. He was notorious for his cruel oppression of a loyalist revolt in Chalkidiki (September 1916), rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. A firm Venizelist, he opposed the restoration of King Constantine I in 1920, fleeing to Constantinople together with other Venizelist officers and organizing there the "Democratic Defence" (Δημοκρατική Άμυνα). He returned after the 1922 Revolution as a major general, suppressed the royalist revolt of 1923, retired from the army, and became involved in politics.

Political career

He was elected to Parliament at the 1923 elections for the constituency of Rodope, initially for the Democratic Union, and later founded the National Republican Party (Εθνικό Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα), renamed in 1928 National Radical Party (Εθνικό Ριζοσπαστικό Κόμμα). He was war minister from March to June 1924. On 24 August 1926, he overthrew the dictatorship of Theodoros Pangalos in a bloodless coup and formed a government, proclaiming elections for November. Notably, his party did not participate in these. In the elections of August 1928, voters elected nine of his party's candidates as MPs, and he was elected in Kavala.

During this time, Kondylis began moving rightward. In 1932 he became war minister again in return for his support of the Populist government, a post he retained after the Populists were reelected in 1933. From this post he was instrumental in crushing the March 1935 Venizelist revolt. In the period immediately following the revolt, Kondylis became the real power in the country. He sacked numerous pro-republican soldiers and civil servants, and condemned Venizelos to death in absentia.

By now, Kondylis was one of the strongest proponents of restoring the monarchy. However, he opposed Prime Minister Panagis Tsaldaris' call for a referendum. On 10 October 1935, Kondylis and several other officers called on Tsaldaris and forced him to resign. Kondylis forced President Alexandros Zaimis to name him the new premier. Later that day, Kondylis forced Zaimis to resign, declared himself Regent, abolished the Republic and staged a plebiscite on 3 November for the return of the monarchy.

The official tally showed that 98 percent of the voters supported the return of George II—an suspiciously high total that was likely obtained through fraud. Indeed, the vote took place under less-than-secret conditions. Voters were given the choice of dropping a blue piece of paper in the ballot box if they supported the monarchy, and a red one if they supported the republic. Those who supported the republic risked being beaten up. Under those circumstances, it took a brave Greek to vote "no". By this time, Kondylis had turned so far to the right that he now openly sympathized with fascism. He hoped to echo Benito Mussolini's example in Italy, in which Victor Emmanuel III had been reduced to a puppet.

George returned to Greece on 25 November, and retained Kondylis as prime minister. Kondylis soon quarreled with the king, who was not content to be a mere puppet, and resigned five days later. In the January 1936 elections, he cooperated with Ioannis Rallis and managed to have fifteen MPs elected. Soon after, however, he died of a heart attack on 1 February 1936, in Athens. His nephew, Georgios Kondylis Jr., became a general in the Hellenic army and later fought against the Axis during the German invasion of Greece.

He was awarded Serbian Order of the White Eagle.

References

Μαυρογορδάτος, Γεώργιος. (2015). "1915, Ο ΕΘΝΙΚΟΣ ΔΙΧΑΣΜΟΣ". Παττάκη.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20111222075653/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755330,00.html "By the Grace of God"]. ''[[Time (magazine). Time]]'', 18 November 1935.
Acović, Dragomir. (2012). "Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima". Službeni Glasnik.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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