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Army National Guard

Organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army

Army National Guard

Organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army

FieldValue
unit_nameArmy National Guard
imageSeal of the Army National Guard.png
captionSeal of the Army National Guard
datesAs state-funded militia under various names: 1636–1903
As federal reserve forces called the Army National Guard: 1903–present
typeReserve force
Militia
countryUnited States
branchUnited States Army
roleProvide the Army with combat-ready reserve Army (Title 10) as well as protecting and supporting their respective states (Title 32)
size325,066 personnel (authorized end strength for Fiscal Year 2023)
command_structure[[File:Seal of the United States National Guard.svg23px]] National Guard
[[File:NGB-seal-high.png23px]] National Guard Bureau
Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces
garrisonArmy National Guard Readiness Center, Arlington Hall
Arlington County, Virginia
nickname"Army Guard", "The Guard"
marchAlways Ready, Always There
equipmentList of equipment of the United States Army
anniversaries13 December 1636 (founding)
website
commander1LTG Jonathan Stubbs
commander1_labelDirector
commander2MG Joseph R. Baldwin
commander2_labelDeputy Director
commander3CW5 Brian Searcy
commander3_labelCommand Chief Warrant Officer
commander4CSM James B. Kendrick
commander4_labelCommand Sergeant Major

As federal reserve forces called the Army National Guard: 1903–present Militia Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces Arlington County, Virginia

The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.

Activation

The ARNG operates under Title 10 of the United States Code when under federal control, and Title 32 of the United States Code and applicable state laws when under state control. It may be called up for active duty by the state or territorial governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, as well as civil disorder. The District of Columbia Army National Guard is a federal militia, controlled by the president of the United States with authority delegated to the secretary of defense, and through him to the secretary of the Army.

Members or units of the ARNG may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, into United States service. If mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the U.S. ARNG, which is a reserve component of the U.S. Army. Individuals volunteering for active federal service may do so subject to the consent of their governors. Largely on the basis of a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision, governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, either for training or national emergency.

The president may also call up members and units of the ARNG, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws. The Army National Guard is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard. The director of the ARNG is the head of the organization, and reports to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. Because the ARNG is both the militia of the several states and a federal reserve component of the Army, neither the chief of the National Guard Bureau nor the director of the ARNG "commands" it. This operational command authority is performed in each state or territory by the state adjutant general, and in the District of Columbia by the commanding general of the D.C. National Guard when a unit is in its militia status. While under federal activation, the operational command authority is transferred to the commanders of the unified combatant commands, who command all U.S. forces within their area of responsibility. The chief of the National Guard Bureau and the director of the ARNG serve as the channel of communications between the Department of the Army and the ARNG in each state and territory, and administer federal programs, policies, and resources for the National Guard.

The ARNG's portion of the president's proposed federal budget for the 2018 fiscal year is approximately $16.2 billion to support an end strength of 343,000, including appropriations for personnel pay and allowance, facilities maintenance, construction, equipment maintenance and other activities.

History

Main article: History of the United States Army National Guard

Main article: Militia (United States)

ARNG recruits arriving at Fort Jackson for BCT

The Army National Guard is constantly reorganizing. Many storied formations with valiant battle histories have obscure descendants in the mid-2020s. Some have been renamed or inactivated. Some have had subordinate units reallocated to other commands. A partial list of inactivated major formations includes:

Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 47th Infantry Division, inactivated in 1991
Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 50th Armored Division, inactivated in 1993

Units and formations

Deployable Army units are organized as Table of organization and equipment (TOE) organizations or modified table of organization and equipment (MTOE) organizations. Non-deployable units, such as a state's joint force headquarters or regional training institutes are administered as Table of distribution and allowance (TDA) units.

Commands

Divisions

In addition to many deployable units which are non-divisional, the Army National Guard's deployable units include eight infantry divisions. These divisions, their subordinate brigades or brigades with which the divisions have a training oversight relationship, and the states represented by the largest units include:

Army Aviation Magazine wrote on 31 March 2021 that "The ARNG is pressing forward with the Division Alignment for Training (DIV AFT) effort. The DIV AFT intent is to enhance leader development and training readiness through codified relationships across echelons and states to develop combat capable division formations for large scale combat operations. The Director, ARNG. recently convened a DIV AFT Initial Planning Conference to clarify unit alignments for all eight ARNG Division Headquarters and synchronize activities that will facilitate unity of effort between Division Headquarters and aligned for training States."

Multifunctional Support Brigades

The Army National Guard fields 37 multifunctional support brigades.

Maneuver Enhancement Brigades

Field Artillery Brigades

Sustainment Brigades

Military Intelligence Brigades

Functional Support Brigades and Groups

Engineer Brigades

Air Defense Artillery Brigades

Theater Tactical Signal Brigades

[[Military Police Corps (United States)|Military Police]] Brigades

  • [[File:US Army 35th Military Police Brigade SSI.png|37x37px]]35th Military Police Brigade (MO ARNG)
  • [[File:43MPBdeSSI.png|30x30px]] 43rd Military Police Brigade (RI ARNG)
  • [[File:49MpBdeSSI.svg|38x38px]] 49th Military Police Brigade (CA ARNG)
  • [[File:Combat service identification badge of the 92nd Maneuver Enhancement Brigade.svg|37x37px]]92nd Military Police Brigade (PR ARNG)
  • [[File:US Army 142th Military Police Brigade SSI.png|33x33px]]142nd Military Police Brigade (AL ARNG)
  • [[File:177MPBbeSSI.png|25x25px]] 177th Military Police Brigade (MI ARNG)

Theater and Combat Aviation Brigades

Other brigades

  • [[File:31st Chemical Brigade SSI.svg|25x25px]]31st Chemical Brigade (AL ARNG)
  • [[File:US Army 91st Cyber Bde SSI.png|30x30px]]91st Cyber Brigade (VA ARNG) (TDA organization)
  • [[File:100MissileDefBdeSSI.jpg|36x36px]] 100th Missile Defense Brigade (CO ARNG)

Other Groups

Regular Army – Army National Guard Partnership

In 2016, the Army and the Army National Guard began a training and readiness initiative that aligned some Army brigades with National Guard division headquarters, and some National Guard brigades with Army division headquarters. Among others, this program included the National Guard's 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team becoming affiliated with the Army's 10th Mountain Division and the National Guard's 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment affiliating with the Army's 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. In addition, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division began an affiliation with the National Guard's 36th Infantry Division.

Army units partnering with Army National Guard headquarters include:

  • [[File:5th Engineer Battalion Coat of Arms.png|25x25px]]5th Engineer Battalion, associated with [[File:USA - 35 Eng Bde.svg|25x25px]] 35th Engineer Brigade (MO ARNG).

By state

Main article: State Adjutant General

The Army and Air National Guard in each state are headed by the state adjutant general. The adjutant general (TAG) is the de facto commander of a state's military forces, and reports to the state governor.

State Abbr.State
ALAlabama
AKAlaska
AZArizona
ARArkansas
CACalifornia
COColorado
CTConnecticut
DEDelaware
DCDistrict of Columbia
FLFlorida
GAGeorgia
GUGuam
HIHawaii
IDIdaho
ILIllinois
INIndiana
IAIowa
KSKansas
State Abbr.State
KYKentucky
LALouisiana
MEMaine
MDMaryland
MAMassachusetts
MIMichigan
MNMinnesota
MSMississippi
MOMissouri
MTMontana
NENebraska
NVNevada
NHNew Hampshire
NJNew Jersey
NMNew Mexico
NYNew York
NCNorth Carolina
NDNorth Dakota
State Abbr.State
OHOhio
OKOklahoma
OROregon
PAPennsylvania
PRPuerto Rico
RIRhode Island
SCSouth Carolina
SDSouth Dakota
TNTennessee
TXTexas
UTUtah
VTVermont
VAVirginia
VIU.S. Virgin Islands
WAWashington
WVWest Virginia
WIWisconsin
WYWyoming

Leadership

National Guard Bureau organizational chart depicting command and reporting relationships
Army National Guard staff organizational chart
Chief of the National Guard Bureau Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson administers the oath of office to Lt. Gen. Jon A. Jensen as the 22nd director of the Army National Guard on Monday, 10 August 2020 at the Temple Army National Guard Readiness Center in Arlington, Virginia.

Upon the creation of the United States Air Force in 1947, the National Guard Bureau was organized into two divisions; Army National Guard and Air National Guard. Each were headed by a major general who reported to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. The head of the Army National Guard was originally established as the chief of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau. The position was downgraded to brigadier general in 1962 due to force reduction. It was renamed to Director of the Army National Guard and elevated back to major general in 1970. The position was later elevated to the rank of lieutenant general in 2001. The Army National Guard is also authorized a deputy director which was originally established as a brigadier general office in 1970. It was elevated to the rank of major general in 2006.

The director of the Army National Guard oversees a staff which aids in planning and day-to-day organization and management. In addition to a chief of staff, the director's staff includes several special staff members, including a chaplain and protocol and awards specialists. It also includes a primary staff, which is organized as directorates, divisions, and branches. The directorates of the Army National Guard staff are arranged along the lines of a typical American military staff: G-1 for personnel; G-2 for intelligence; G-3 for plans, operations and training; G-4 for logistics; G-5 for strategic plans, policy and communications; G-6 for communications; and G-8 for budgets and financial management.

List of chiefs and directors

No.CommanderTermPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTerm lengthChiefs of the Army Division at the National Guard BureauDirectors of the Army National Guard
order = 1Major General]]image = Major General Raymond H. Fleming.jpgofficeholder = Raymond H. Flemingborn_year =died_year =term_start = 1948term_end = 1950timeinoffice = 2 yearsorder = 2
order = 8military_rank = Major Generalimage = S-Greenlief.jpgofficeholder = Francis Greenliefborn_year =died_year =term_start = 1970term_end = 1971timeinoffice = 1 yearorder = 9

Prominent members

Main article: Prominent members of the US Army National Guard

U.S. presidents

Main article: List of presidents of the United States by military service

Of the 45 individuals to serve as president of the United States , 33 had military experience. Of those 33, 21 served in the militia or ARNG.

  • George Washington, commissioned a major in the Virginia Militia in 1753. He attained the rank of colonel before resigning his commission at the end of the French and Indian War.
  • Thomas Jefferson, colonel and commander of the Albemarle County Militia at the start of the American Revolution
  • James Madison, colonel in the Orange County Militia at the start of the American Revolution and aide to his father, James Madison, Sr., who was the commander.
  • James Monroe, served in the militia while attending the College of William and Mary. After being wounded at the Battle of Trenton while serving in the Continental Army, he returned to Virginia to recruit and lead a regiment as a militia lieutenant colonel, but the regiment was never raised. In 1780 the British invaded Richmond, Virginia, and Jefferson commissioned Monroe as a colonel to command the militia raised in response and act as liaison to the Continental Army in North Carolina.
  • Andrew Jackson, commander of the Tennessee Militia as a major general prior to the War of 1812.
  • William Henry Harrison, commander of Indiana Territory's militia and Major General of the Kentucky Militia at the start of the War of 1812.
  • John Tyler, commanded a company called the Charles City Rifles, part of Virginia's 52nd Regiment, in the War of 1812.
  • James Polk, joined the Tennessee Militia as a captain in a cavalry regiment in 1821. He was subsequently appointed a colonel on the staff of Governor William Carroll.
  • Millard Fillmore, served as inspector of New York's 47th Brigade with the rank of major. Commanded the Union Continentals, a militia unit raised to perform local service in Buffalo, New York, during the American Civil War.
  • Franklin Pierce, appointed aide de camp to Governor Samuel Dinsmoor in 1831. He remained in the militia until 1847 and attained the rank of colonel before becoming a brigadier general in the Army during the Mexican–American War.
  • James Buchanan, a member of the Pennsylvania Militia. His dragoon unit took part in the defense of Baltimore, Maryland, during the War of 1812.
  • Abraham Lincoln, served in the Illinois Militia during the Black Hawk War. He commanded a company in the 4th Illinois Regiment with the rank of captain from April to May 1832. He was a private in Captain Alexander White's Company from May to June 1832. He served as a private in Captain Jacob Earley's company from June to July 1832.
  • Andrew Johnson, served in the Tennessee Militia in the 1830s, and attained the rank of colonel. During the American Civil War he remained loyal to the Union and was appointed Military Governor of Tennessee with the rank of brigadier general.
  • Ulysses S. Grant, having left the Army as a captain, at the start of the Civil War he served in the Illinois Militia as aide de camp and mustering officer for Governor Richard Yates. He held these positions until being appointed commander of the 21st Illinois Infantry, which set him on the path to becoming a general and commander of all Union armies.
  • Rutherford B. Hayes, joined a militia company in 1846 intending to fight in the Mexican–American War, but resigned because of ill health. Enlisted as a private in a Cincinnati militia company at the start of the Civil War in 1861, and was elected commander with the rank of captain. He was subsequently appointed a major in the 23rd Ohio Infantry, and ended the war as a brigade commander and brevet Major General.
  • James A. Garfield, commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the Ohio Militia in 1861, he took part in recruiting and training the 42nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, which he commanded as a colonel. He later served as Chief of Staff for the Army of the Cumberland and received promotion to Major General.
  • Chester A. Arthur, became a member of the New York Militia soon after becoming a lawyer. During the Civil War he served on the staff of Governor Edwin D. Morgan as Quartermaster General with the rank of brigadier general. He later served as Morgan's inspector general, responsible for visiting New York's front line units, assessing conditions and recommending improvements.
  • Benjamin Harrison, commissioned in the Indiana Militia by Governor Oliver P. Morton to recruit a regiment during the Civil War, he was subsequently appointed a second lieutenant and captain in and then colonel and commander of the 70th Indiana Infantry Regiment. He received the brevet of brigadier general as a commendation of his service, and later commanded a brigade. He also enrolled in the militia again during labor unrest in Indianapolis in 1877.
  • William McKinley, joined a volunteer militia company called the Poland Guards at the start of the Civil War. The company was subsequently mustered in as part of the 23rd Ohio Infantry, the same regiment in which President Hayes served. McKinley ended the war as a major and chief of staff for division commander Samuel S. Carroll.
  • Theodore Roosevelt, commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 8th New York Infantry Regiment in 1884, he served until 1888 and attained the rank of captain. During the Spanish–American War he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, which he later commanded as a colonel. In 2001 a review of his war record led to a posthumous award of the Medal of Honor.
  • Harry S. Truman, served in the Missouri Army National Guard from 1905 to 1911, rising to the rank of corporal. During World War I he rejoined and was commissioned a first lieutenant in the 2nd Missouri Field Artillery. This regiment was federalized as the 129th Field Artillery, and Truman commanded Battery D as a captain. He continued to serve in the Army Reserve, retiring as a colonel in 1953.

(Note: President George W. Bush served in the National Guard in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and he was the first Air National Guard member to attain the presidency.)

Notes

References

  • https://forum.juhlin.com/forum/role-playing-game-section/twilight-2000-forum/5716-u-s-army-capstone-alignments-circa-1989#post115265 - Army National Guard CAPSTONE alignments 1989 - research lead

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