66th United States Congress

Major events

Main article: 1919 in the United States, 1920 in the United States, 1921 in the United States

A brief special session was called by President Wilson in March 1919, because of a filibuster that had successfully blocked appropriations bills needed to fund day-to-day government operations.

• April 30, 1919: First wave of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.
• June 2, 1919: The home of Attorney General Palmer was bombed in the second wave of anarchist bombings.
• June 15, 1919: Pancho Villa attacked Ciudad Juárez. When the bullets begin to fly to the U.S. side of the border, 2 units of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment crossed the border and repulse Villa's forces.
• July 19–23, 1919: Race riot in Washington, D.C.
• August 31, 1919: The Communist Party of the United States was established
• September 9, 1919: Boston Police Strike
• September 22, 1919: Steel strike of 1919
• October 2, 1919: President Woodrow Wilson suffered a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed
• November 1, 1919: Coal Strike of 1919
• November 7, 1919: First of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
• January 2, 1920: Second of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
• January 16, 1920: Prohibition, went into effect in the United States
• March 1, 1920: United States Railroad Administration returned control of American railroads to its constituent railroad companies
• May 7–8, 1920: Louis Freeland Post appeared before the House Committee on Rules, effectively ending Attorney General Palmer's presidential aspirations.
• November 2, 1920: Warren G. Harding defeated James M. Cox in the 1920 United States presidential election

Major legislation

• June 30, 1919: Navy Appropriations Act of 1919
• June 30, 1919: Hastings Amendment
• July 11, 1919: Anti-Lobbying Act of 1919
• July 11, 1919: Army Appropriations Act of 1919
• July 19, 1919: Sundry Civil Expenses Appropriations Act
• October 18, 1919: National Prohibition Act (Volstead Act), ch. 85,
• October 22, 1919: Underground Water Act of 1919
• October 29, 1919: National Motor Vehicle Theft Act (Dyer Act)
• November 4, 1919: Deficiency Act of 1919
• November 6, 1919: Indian Soldier Act of 1919
• December 24, 1919: Edge Act of 1919
• February 25, 1920: Oil Leasing Act of 1920
• February 25, 1920: Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (Smoot-Sinnot Act), ch. 85,
• February 25, 1920: Pipeline Rights-of-Way Act
• February 25, 1920: Sale of Water For Miscellaneous Purposes Act
• February 28, 1920: Esch-Cummins Act, ,
• March 9, 1920: Suits in Admiralty Act of 1920
• March 15, 1920: Military Surplus Act of 1920 (Kahn-Wadsworth Act)
• March 30, 1920: Death on the High Seas Act of 1920
• April 13, 1920: Phelan Act of 1920
• May 1, 1920: Fuller Act of 1920
• May 10, 1920: Deportation Act of 1920
• May 18, 1920: Kinkaid Act of 1920
• May 20, 1920: Sale of Surplus Improved Public Lands Act
• May 22, 1920: Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920
• May 29, 1920: Independent Treasury Act of 1920
• June 2, 1920: Industry Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 (Smith-Bankhead Act)
• June 2, 1920: Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 (Smith-Fess Act)
• June 2, 1920: National Park Criminal Jurisdiction Act
• June 4, 1920: National Defense Act of 1920 (Kahn Act)
• June 5, 1920: Sills Act of 1920
• June 5, 1920: Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (Jones Act)
• June 5, 1920: Women's Bureau Act of 1920
• June 5, 1920: Ship Mortgage Act of 1920
• June 5, 1920: River and Harbors Act of 1920
• June 5, 1920: Federal Water Power Act of 1920 (Esch Act)
• January 4, 1921: War Finance Corporation Act of 1921
• March 3, 1921: Patent Act of 1921 (Nolan Act)
• March 3, 1921: Federal Water Power Act Amendment (Jones-Esch Act)

Constitutional amendments

• January 16, 1919: Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal, was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 36) to become part of the Constitution
  • Amendment later repealed on December 5, 1933, by the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution
• June 4, 1919: Approved the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibiting the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
• August 18, 1920: The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 36) to become part of the Constitution

Treaties

• March 19, 1920: Senate refused to ratify Treaty of Versailles

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate leadership

Presiding

• President: Thomas R. Marshall (D)
• President pro tempore: Albert B. Cummins (R)

Majority (Republican) leadership

• Majority Leader: Henry Cabot Lodge
• Majority Whip: Charles Curtis
• Republican Conference Secretary: James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.
• National Senatorial Committee Chair: Miles Poindexter

Minority (Democratic) leadership

• Minority Leader: Oscar Underwood
• Minority Whip: Peter G. Gerry
• Democratic Caucus Secretary: William H. King

House leadership

Presiding

• Speaker: Frederick H. Gillett (R)

Majority (Republican) leadership

• Majority Leader: Franklin Mondell
• Majority Whip: Harold Knutson
• Republican Conference Chairman: Horace Mann Towner
• Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Simeon D. Fess

Minority (Democratic) leadership

• Minority Leader: Champ Clark
• Minority Whip: vacant
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: Arthur Granville Dewalt
• Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Scott Ferris

Members

:Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 66th Congress

In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1922; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1924.

[[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

: 2. John H. Bankhead (D), until March 1, 1920 :: B. B. Comer (D), from March 5, 1920 - November 2, 1920 :: J. Thomas Heflin (D), from November 3, 1920 : 3. Oscar Underwood (D)

[[List of United States senators from Arizona|Arizona]]

: 1. Henry F. Ashurst (D) : 3. Marcus A. Smith (D)

[[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: 2. Joseph Taylor Robinson (D) : 3. William F. Kirby (D)

[[List of United States senators from California|California]]

: 1. Hiram W. Johnson (R) : 3. James D. Phelan (D)

[[List of United States senators from Colorado|Colorado]]

: 2. Lawrence C. Phipps (R) : 3. Charles S. Thomas (D)

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. George P. McLean (R) : 3. Frank B. Brandegee (R)

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. Josiah O. Wolcott (D) : 2. L. Heisler Ball (R)

[[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]]

: 1. Park Trammell (D) : 3. Duncan U. Fletcher (D)

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. William J. Harris (D) : 3. Hoke Smith (D)

[[List of United States senators from Idaho|Idaho]]

: 2. William E. Borah (R) : 3. John F. Nugent (D), until January 14, 1921 :: Frank R. Gooding (R), from January 15, 1921

[[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]

: 2. J. Medill McCormick (R) : 3. Lawrence Y. Sherman (R)

[[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]]

: 1. Harry S. New (R) : 3. James E. Watson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]

: 2. William S. Kenyon (R) : 3. Albert B. Cummins (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]

: 2. Arthur Capper (R) : 3. Charles Curtis (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. Augustus Stanley (D) : 3. John C. W. Beckham (D)

[[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: 2. Joseph E. Ransdell (D) : 3. Edward J. Gay (D)

[[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]

: 1. Frederick Hale (R) : 2. Bert M. Fernald (R)

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. Joseph I. France (R) : 3. John W. Smith (D)

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R) : 2. David I. Walsh (D)

[[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]

: 1. Charles E. Townsend (R) : 2. Truman H. Newberry (R)

[[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: 1. Frank B. Kellogg (R) : 2. Knute Nelson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: 1. John Sharp Williams (D) : 2. Pat Harrison (D)

[[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]

: 1. James A. Reed (D) : 3. Selden P. Spencer (R)

[[List of United States senators from Montana|Montana]]

: 1. Henry L. Myers (D) : 2. Thomas J. Walsh (D)

[[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

: 1. Gilbert M. Hitchcock (D) : 2. George W. Norris (R)

[[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]]

: 1. Key Pittman (D) : 3. Charles B. Henderson (D)

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. Henry W. Keyes (R) : 3. George H. Moses (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (R) : 2. Walter E. Edge (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Mexico|New Mexico]]

: 1. Andrieus A. Jones (D) : 2. Albert B. Fall (R)

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 1. William M. Calder (R) : 3. James W. Wadsworth Jr. (R)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. Furnifold M. Simmons (D) : 3. Lee S. Overman (D)

[[List of United States senators from North Dakota|North Dakota]]

: 1. Porter J. McCumber (R) : 3. Asle Gronna (R)

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. Atlee Pomerene (D) : 3. Warren G. Harding (R), until January 13, 1921 :: Frank B. Willis (R), from January 14, 1921

[[List of United States senators from Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]

: 2. Robert L. Owen (D) : 3. Thomas P. Gore (D)

[[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]

: 2. Charles L. McNary (R) : 3. George E. Chamberlain (D)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. Philander C. Knox (R) : 3. Boies Penrose (R)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. Peter G. Gerry (D) : 2. LeBaron B. Colt (R)

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. Nathaniel B. Dial (D) : 3. Ellison D. Smith (D)

[[List of United States senators from South Dakota|South Dakota]]

: 2. Thomas Sterling (R) : 3. Edwin S. Johnson (D)

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. Kenneth D. McKellar (D) : 2. John K. Shields (D)

[[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]

: 1. Charles A. Culberson (D) : 2. Morris Sheppard (D)

[[List of United States senators from Utah|Utah]]

: 1. William H. King (D) : 3. Reed Smoot (R)

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 1. Carroll S. Page (R) : 3. William P. Dillingham (R),

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 1. Claude A. Swanson (D) : 2. Thomas S. Martin (D), until November 12, 1919 :: Carter Glass (D), from February 2, 1920

[[List of United States senators from Washington|Washington]]

: 1. Miles Poindexter (R) : 3. Wesley L. Jones (R)

[[List of United States senators from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

: 1. Howard Sutherland (R) : 2. Davis Elkins (R)

[[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: 1. Robert M. La Follette (R) : 3. Irvine Lenroot (R)

[[List of United States senators from Wyoming|Wyoming]]

: 1. John B. Kendrick (D) : 2. Francis E. Warren (R)

]]

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 66th Congress

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

[[List of United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

: . John McDuffie (D) : . S. Hubert Dent Jr. (D) : . Henry B. Steagall (D) : . Fred L. Blackmon (D), until February 8, 1921 : . J. Thomas Heflin (D), until November 1, 1920 :: William B. Bowling (D), from December 14, 1920 : . William B. Oliver (D) : . John L. Burnett (D), until May 13, 1919 :: Lilius Bratton Rainey (D), from September 30, 1919 : . Edward B. Almon (D) : . George Huddleston (D) : . William B. Bankhead (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Arizona|Arizona]]

: . Carl Hayden (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: . Thaddeus H. Caraway (D) : . William A. Oldfield (D) : . John N. Tillman (D) : . Otis Wingo (D) : . Henderson M. Jacoway (D) : . Samuel M. Taylor (D) : . William S. Goodwin (D)

[[List of United States representatives from California|California]]

: . Clarence F. Lea (D) : . John E. Raker (D) : . Charles F. Curry (R) : . Julius Kahn (R) : . John I. Nolan (R) : . John A. Elston (R) : . Henry E. Barbour (R) : . Hugh S. Hersman (D) : . Charles H. Randall (Proh.) : . Henry Z. Osborne (R) : . William Kettner (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Colorado|Colorado]]

: . William N. Vaile (R) : . Charles Bateman Timberlake (R) : . Guy U. Hardy (R) : . Edward T. Taylor (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: . Augustine Lonergan (D) : . Richard P. Freeman (R) : . John Q. Tilson (R) : . Schuyler Merritt (R) : . James P. Glynn (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

: . Caleb R. Layton (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Florida|Florida]]

: . Herbert J. Drane (D) : . Frank Clark (D) : . John H. Smithwick (D) : . William J. Sears (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

: . James W. Overstreet (D) : . Frank Park (D) : . Charles R. Crisp (D) : . William C. Wright (D) : . William D. Upshaw (D) : . James W. Wise (D) : . Gordon Lee (D) : . Charles H. Brand (D) : . Thomas Montgomery Bell (D) : . Carl Vinson (D) : . William C. Lankford (D) : . William W. Larsen (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Idaho|Idaho]]

: . Burton L. French (R) : . Addison T. Smith (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Illinois|Illinois]]

: . Martin B. Madden (R) : . James R. Mann (R) : . William W. Wilson (R) : . John W. Rainey (D) : . Adolph J. Sabath (D) : . James McAndrews (D) : . Niels Juul (R) : . Thomas Gallagher (D) : . Frederick A. Britten (R) : . Carl R. Chindblom (R) : . Ira C. Copley (R) : . Charles Eugene Fuller (R) : . John C. McKenzie (R) : . William J. Graham (R) : . Edward John King (R) : . Clifford Ireland (R) : . Frank L. Smith (R) : . Joseph G. Cannon (R) : . William B. McKinley (R) : . Henry T. Rainey (D) : . Loren E. Wheeler (R) : . William A. Rodenberg (R) : . Edwin B. Brooks (R) : . Thomas S. Williams (R) : . Edward E. Denison (R) : . Richard Yates Jr. (R) : . William E. Mason (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Indiana|Indiana]]

: . Oscar R. Luhring (R) : . Oscar E. Bland (R) : . James W. Dunbar (R) : . John S. Benham (R) : . Everett Sanders (R) : . Richard N. Elliott (R) : . Merrill Moores (R) : . Albert H. Vestal (R) : . Fred S. Purnell (R) : . William R. Wood (R) : . Milton Kraus (R) : . Louis W. Fairfield (R) : . Andrew J. Hickey (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Iowa|Iowa]]

: . Charles A. Kennedy (R) : . Harry E. Hull (R) : . Burton E. Sweet (R) : . Gilbert N. Haugen (R) : . James W. Good (R) : . C. William Ramseyer (R) : . Cassius C. Dowell (R) : . Horace M. Towner (R) : . William R. Green (R) : . Lester J. Dickinson (R) : . William D. Boies (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kansas|Kansas]]

: . Daniel Read Anthony Jr. (R) : . Edward C. Little (R) : . Philip P. Campbell (R) : . Homer Hoch (R) : . James G. Strong (R) : . Hays B. White (R) : . Jasper N. Tincher (R) : . William A. Ayres (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: . Alben Barkley (D) : . David Hayes Kincheloe (D) : . Robert Y. Thomas Jr. (D) : . Ben Johnson (D) : . Charles F. Ogden (R) : . Arthur B. Rouse (D) : . J. Campbell Cantrill (D) : . King Swope (R), from August 1, 1919 : . William Jason Fields (D) : . John W. Langley (R) : . John M. Robsion (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: . Albert Estopinal (D), until April 28, 1919 :: James O'Connor (D), from June 5, 1919 : . Henry Garland Dupré (D) : . Whitmell P. Martin (D) : . John Thomas Watkins (D) : . Riley Joseph Wilson (D) : . Jared Y. Sanders Sr. (D) : . Ladislas Lazaro (D) : . James Benjamin Aswell (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Maine|Maine]]

: . Louis B. Goodall (R) : . Wallace H. White Jr. (R) : . John A. Peters (R) : . Ira G. Hersey (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

: . William N. Andrews (R) : . Carville Benson (D) : . Charles P. Coady (D) : . J. Charles Linthicum (D) : . Sydney Emanuel Mudd II (R) : . Frederick N. Zihlman (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: . Allen T. Treadway (R) : . Frederick H. Gillett (R) : . Calvin D. Paige (R) : . Samuel E. Winslow (R) : . John J. Rogers (R) : . Willfred W. Lufkin (R) : . Michael F. Phelan (D) : . Frederick W. Dallinger (R) : . Alvan T. Fuller (R), until January 5, 1921 : . John F. Fitzgerald (D), until October 23, 1919 :: Peter F. Tague (D), from October 23, 1919 : . George H. Tinkham (R) : . James A. Gallivan (D) : . Robert Luce (R) : . Richard Olney II (D) : . William S. Greene (R) : . Joseph Walsh (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Michigan|Michigan]]

: . Frank E. Doremus (D) : . Earl C. Michener (R) : . John M. C. Smith (R) : . Edward L. Hamilton (R) : . Carl Mapes (R) : . Patrick H. Kelley (R) : . Louis C. Cramton (R) : . Joseph W. Fordney (R) : . James C. McLaughlin (R) : . Gilbert A. Currie (R) : . Frank D. Scott (R) : . W. Frank James (R) : . Charles Archibald Nichols (R), until April 25, 1920 :: Clarence J. McLeod (R), from November 2, 1920

[[List of United States representatives from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: . Sydney Anderson (R) : . Franklin Ellsworth (R) : . Charles Russell Davis (R) : . Carl Van Dyke (D), until May 20, 1919 :: Oscar E. Keller (IR), from July 1, 1919 : . Walter H. Newton (R) : . Harold Knutson (R) : . Andrew Volstead (R) : . William Leighton Carss (FL) : . Halvor Steenerson (R) : . Thomas D. Schall (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: . Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. (D) : . Hubert D. Stephens (D) : . Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D) : . Thomas U. Sisson (D) : . William Webb Venable (D) : . Paul B. Johnson Sr. (D) : . Percy E. Quin (D) : . James W. Collier (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Missouri|Missouri]]

: . Milton A. Romjue (D) : . William W. Rucker (D) : . Joshua W. Alexander (D), until December 15, 1919 :: Jacob L. Milligan (D), from February 14, 1920 : . Charles F. Booher (D), until January 21, 1921 : . William Thomas Bland (D) : . Clement C. Dickinson (D) : . Samuel C. Major (D) : . William L. Nelson (D) : . James Beauchamp Clark (D), until March 2, 1921 : . Cleveland A. Newton (R) : . William Leo Igoe (D) : . Leonidas C. Dyer (R) : . Marion E. Rhodes (R) : . Edward D. Hays (R) : . Isaac V. McPherson (R) : . Thomas L. Rubey (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Montana|Montana]]

: . John M. Evans (D) : . Carl W. Riddick (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

: . C. Frank Reavis (R) : . Albert W. Jefferis (R) : . Robert E. Evans (R) : . Melvin O. McLaughlin (R) : . William E. Andrews (R) : . Moses P. Kinkaid (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Nevada|Nevada]]

: . Charles R. Evans (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: . Sherman Everett Burroughs (R) : . Edward Hills Wason (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: . William J. Browning (R), until March 24, 1920 :: Francis F. Patterson Jr. (R), from November 2, 1920 : . Isaac Bacharach (R) : . Thomas J. Scully (D) : . Elijah C. Hutchinson (R) : . Ernest R. Ackerman (R) : . John R. Ramsey (R) : . Amos H. Radcliffe (R) : . Cornelius A. McGlennon (D) : . Daniel F. Minahan (D) : . Frederick R. Lehlbach (R) : . John J. Eagan (D) : . James A. Hamill (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New Mexico|New Mexico]]

: . Benigno C. Hernández (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

: . Frederick C. Hicks (R) : . C. Pope Caldwell (D) : . John MacCrate (R), until December 30, 1920 : . Thomas H. Cullen (D) : . John B. Johnston (D) : . Frederick W. Rowe (R) : . James P. Maher (D) : . William E. Cleary (D) : . David J. O'Connell (D) : . Reuben L. Haskell (R), until December 31, 1919 :: Lester D. Volk (R), from November 2, 1920 : . Daniel J. Riordan (D) : . Henry M. Goldfogle (D) : . Christopher D. Sullivan (D) : . Fiorello H. LaGuardia (R), until December 31, 1919 :: Nathan D. Perlman (R), from November 2, 1920 : . Peter J. Dooling (D) : . Thomas Francis Smith (D) : . Herbert C. Pell Jr. (D) : . John F. Carew (D) : . Joseph Rowan (D) : . Isaac Siegel (R) : . Jerome F. Donovan (D) : . Anthony J. Griffin (D) : . Richard F. McKiniry (D) : . James V. Ganly (D) : . James W. Husted (R) : . Edmund Platt (R), until June 7, 1920 :: Hamilton Fish III (R), from November 2, 1920 : . Charles B. Ward (R) : . Rollin B. Sanford (R) : . James S. Parker (R) : . Frank Crowther (R) : . Bertrand H. Snell (R) : . Luther W. Mott (R) : . Homer P. Snyder (R) : . William H. Hill (R) : . Walter W. Magee (R) : . Norman J. Gould (R) : . Alanson B. Houghton (R) : . Thomas B. Dunn (R) : . Archie D. Sanders (R) : . S. Wallace Dempsey (R) : . Clarence MacGregor (R) : . James M. Mead (D) : . Daniel A. Reed (R)

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: . John Humphrey Small (D) : . Claude Kitchin (D) : . Samuel M. Brinson (D) : . Edward W. Pou (D) : . Charles M. Stedman (D) : . Hannibal L. Godwin (D) : . Leonidas D. Robinson (D) : . Robert L. Doughton (D) : . Edwin Y. Webb (D), until November 10, 1919 :: Clyde R. Hoey (D), from December 16, 1919 : . Zebulon Weaver (D)

[[List of United States representatives from North Dakota|North Dakota]]

: . John Miller Baer (R) : . George M. Young (R) : . James H. Sinclair (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

: . Nicholas Longworth (R) : . Ambrose E. B. Stephens (R) : . Warren Gard (D) : . Benjamin F. Welty (D) : . Charles J. Thompson (R) : . Charles C. Kearns (R) : . Simeon D. Fess (R) : . R. Clinton Cole (R) : . Isaac R. Sherwood (D) : . Israel M. Foster (R) : . Edwin D. Ricketts (R) : . Clement L. Brumbaugh (D) : . James T. Begg (R) : . Martin L. Davey (D) : . C. Ellis Moore (R) : . Roscoe C. McCulloch (R) : . William A. Ashbrook (D) : . B. Frank Murphy (R) : . John G. Cooper (R) : . Charles A. Mooney (D) : . John J. Babka (D) : . Henry I. Emerson (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]

: . Everette B. Howard (D) : . William W. Hastings (D) : . Charles D. Carter (D) : . Tom D. McKeown (D) : . Joseph Bryan Thompson (D), until September 18, 1919 :: John W. Harreld (R), from November 8, 1919 : . Scott Ferris (D) : . James V. McClintic (D) : . Dick Thompson Morgan (R), until July 4, 1920 :: Charles Swindall (R), from November 2, 1920

[[List of United States representatives from Oregon|Oregon]]

: . Willis C. Hawley (R) : . Nicholas J. Sinnott (R) : . Clifton N. McArthur (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: . William S. Vare (R) : . George S. Graham (R) : . J. Hampton Moore (R), until January 4, 1920 :: Harry C. Ransley (R), from November 2, 1920 : . George W. Edmonds (R) : . Peter E. Costello (R) : . George P. Darrow (R) : . Thomas S. Butler (R) : . Henry Winfield Watson (R) : . William W. Griest (R) : . Patrick McLane (D), until February 25, 1921 :: John R. Farr (R), from February 25, 1921 : . John J. Casey (D) : . John Reber (R) : . Arthur G. Dewalt (D) : . Louis T. McFadden (R) : . Edgar R. Kiess (R) : . John V. Lesher (D) : . Benjamin K. Focht (R) : . Aaron S. Kreider (R) : . John M. Rose (R) : . Edward S. Brooks (R) : . Evan J. Jones (R) : . John Haden Wilson (D) : . Samuel A. Kendall (R) : . Henry W. Temple (R) : . Milton W. Shreve (R) : . Henry J. Steele (D) : . Nathan L. Strong (R) : . Willis J. Hulings (R) : . Stephen G. Porter (R) : . M. Clyde Kelly (R) : . John M. Morin (R) : . Guy E. Campbell (D) : . Thomas S. Crago (R) : . William J. Burke (R) : . Anderson H. Walters (R) : . Mahlon M. Garland (R), until November 19, 1920

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: . Clark Burdick (R) : . Walter Russell Stiness (R) : . Ambrose Kennedy (R)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: . Richard S. Whaley (D) : . James F. Byrnes (D) : . Fred H. Dominick (D) : . Samuel J. Nicholls (D) : . William F. Stevenson (D) : . J. Willard Ragsdale (D), until July 23, 1919 :: Philip H. Stoll (D), from October 7, 1919 : . Asbury F. Lever (D), until August 1, 1919 :: Edward C. Mann (D), from October 7, 1919

[[List of United States representatives from South Dakota|South Dakota]]

: . Charles A. Christopherson (R) : . Royal C. Johnson (R) : . Harry L. Gandy (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: . Sam R. Sells (R) : . J. Will Taylor (R) : . John A. Moon (D) : . Cordell Hull (D) : . Ewin L. Davis (D) : . Joseph W. Byrns (D) : . Lemuel P. Padgett (D) : . Thetus W. Sims (D) : . Finis J. Garrett (D) : . Hubert Fisher (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Texas|Texas]]

: . Eugene Black (D) : . John C. Box (D) : . James Young (D) : . Sam Rayburn (D) : . Hatton W. Sumners (D) : . Rufus Hardy (D) : . Clay Stone Briggs (D) : . Joe H. Eagle (D) : . Joseph J. Mansfield (D) : . James P. Buchanan (D) : . Tom T. Connally (D) : . Fritz G. Lanham (D), from April 19, 1919 : . Lucian W. Parrish (D) : . Carlos Bee (D) : . John Nance Garner (D) : . Claude B. Hudspeth (D) : . Thomas L. Blanton (D) : . John Marvin Jones (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Utah|Utah]]

: . Milton H. Welling (D) : . James Henry Mays (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

: . Frank L. Greene (R) : . Porter H. Dale (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

: . S. Otis Bland (D) : . Edward Everett Holland (D) : . Andrew Jackson Montague (D) : . Walter Allen Watson (D), until December 24, 1919 :: Patrick H. Drewry (D), from April 27, 1920 : . Edward W. Saunders (D), until February 29, 1920 :: Rorer A. James (D), from June 1, 1920 : . James P. Woods (D) : . Thomas W. Harrison (D) : . R. Walton Moore (D), from April 27, 1919 : . C. Bascom Slemp (R) : . Henry D. Flood (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Washington|Washington]]

: . John F. Miller (R) : . Lindley H. Hadley (R) : . Albert Johnson (R) : . John W. Summers (R) : . J. Stanley Webster (R)

[[List of United States representatives from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

: . Matthew M. Neely (D) : . George M. Bowers (R) : . Stuart F. Reed (R) : . Harry C. Woodyard (R) : . Wells Goodykoontz (R) : . Leonard S. Echols (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: . Clifford E. Randall (R) : . Edward Voigt (R) : . James G. Monahan (R) : . John C. Kleczka (R) : . Victor L. Berger (Soc.), until November 10, 1919 : . Florian Lampert (R) : . John J. Esch (R) : . Edward E. Browne (R) : . David G. Classon (R) : . James A. Frear (R) : . Adolphus P. Nelson (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Wyoming|Wyoming]]

: . Franklin W. Mondell (R)

Non-voting members

: . Charles A. Sulzer (D), until April 28, 1919 :: George B. Grigsby (D), from June 3, 1920 - March 1, 1921 :: James Wickersham (R), from March 1, 1921 : . Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole (R) : . Félix Córdova Dávila (Resident Commissioner), Unionist : . Jaime C. de Veyra (Resident Commissioner) : . Teodoro R. Yangco (Resident Commissioner), (I) until March 3, 1920 :: Isauro Gabaldon (Resident Commissioner), (Nac.) from March 4, 1920

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 5
  • Democratic: 1 seat net loss
  • Republican: 1 seat net gain
• Deaths: 2
• Resignations: 2
• Vacancy: 0
• **Total seats with changes: ** 4

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 23
  • Democratic: 4 seat net loss
  • Republican: 4 seat net gain
• Deaths: 13
• Resignations: 10
• Contested elections: 3
• Total seats with changes: 32

Committees

Senate

• United States Senate Select Committee on the Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress|Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Furnifold M. Simmons; Ranking Member: Boies Penrose)
• Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Asle Gronna; Ranking Member: Thomas P. Gore)
• Appropriations (Chairman: Francis E. Warren; Ranking Member: Lee S. Overman)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: William M. Calder; Ranking Member: Andrieus A. Jones)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: George P. McLean; Ranking Member: Robert L. Owen)
• Budget (Special)
• Canadian Relations (Chairman: Frederick Hale; Ranking Member: John B. Kendrick)
• Census (Chairman: Howard Sutherland; Ranking Member: Morris Sheppard)
• Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Thomas Sterling; Ranking Member: Kenneth McKellar)
• Claims (Chairman: Selden P. Spencer; Ranking Member: Joseph T. Robinson)
• Coast and Insular Survey (Chairman: Walter Evans Edge; Ranking Member: Edward J. Gay)
• Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph S. Frelinghuysen; Ranking Member: John W. Smith)
• Commerce (Chairman: Wesley L. Jones; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
• Conservation of National Resources (Chairman: Ellison D. Smith; Ranking Member: LeBaron B. Colt)
• Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia (Chairman: Atlee Pomerene; Ranking Member: Robert M. La Follette)
• Cuban Relations (Chairman: Hiram W. Johnson; Ranking Member: Oscar W. Underwood)
• Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments (Chairman: Thomas J. Walsh; Ranking Member: Joseph I. France)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Lawrence Y. Sherman; Ranking Member: John W. Smith)
• District of Columbia Public School System (Select)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: William S. Kenyon; Ranking Member: Hoke Smith)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Lee S. Overman; Ranking Member: Francis E. Warren)
• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: L. Heisler Ball; Ranking Member: Nathaniel B. Dial)
• Establish a University in the United States (Select)
• Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: John Walter Smith; Ranking Member: Frank B. Brandegee)
• Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture (Chairman: Arthur Capper; Ranking Member: Furnifold M. Simmons)
• Expenditures in the Department of Commerce (Chairman: Davis Elkins; Ranking Member: Josiah O. Wolcott)
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: John H. Bankhead; Ranking Member: Reed Smoot)
• Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Chairman: Thomas P. Gore; Ranking Member: William E. Borah)
• Expenditures in the Department of Labor (Chairman: Medill McCormick; Ranking Member: J.C.W. Beckham)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Claude A. Swanson; Ranking Member: William P. Dillingham)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Henry W. Keyes; Ranking Member: William H. King)
• Expenditures in the Department of State (Chairman: Lawrence C. Phipps; Ranking Member: Henry L. Myers)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Hoke Smith; Ranking Member: Warren G. Harding)
• Finance (Chairman: Boies Penrose; Ranking Member: Furnifold M. Simmons)
• Fisheries (Chairman: Truman H. Newberry; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
• Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Chairman: Robert L. Owen; Ranking Member: George W. Norris)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Henry Cabot Lodge; Ranking Member: Gilbert M. Hitchcock)
• Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game (Chairman: Gilbert M. Hitchcock; Ranking Member: George P. McLean)
• Geological Survey (Chairman: Marcus A. Smith; Ranking Member: George W. Norris)
• Immigration (Chairman: LeBaron B. Colt; Ranking Member: Thomas P. Gore)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Charles Curtis; Ranking Member: Henry F. Ashurst)
• Indian Depredations (Chairman: Henry L. Myers; Ranking Member: Miles Poindexter)
• Industrial Expositions (Chairman: Key Pittman; Ranking Member: Asle Gronna)
• Interoceanic Canals (Chairman: William E. Borah; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Walsh)
• Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Albert B. Cummins; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
• Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Chairman: Henry F. Ashurst; Ranking Member: Wesley L. Jones)
• Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Chairman: Charles L. McNary; Ranking Member: James D. Phelan)
• Judiciary (Chairman: Knute Nelson; Ranking Member: Charles A. Culberson)
• Library (Chairman: Frank B. Brandegee; Ranking Member: John S. Williams)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: James W. Wadsworth Jr.; Ranking Member: George E. Chamberlain)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Miles Poindexter; Ranking Member: Charles B. Henderson)
• Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: Joseph E. Ransdell; Ranking Member: Albert B. Cummins)
• National Banks (Chairman: Frank B. Kellogg; Ranking Member: Peter G. Gerry)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Carroll S. Page; Ranking Member: Claude A. Swanson)
• Pacific Islands, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Chairman: Albert B. Fall; Ranking Member: Morris Sheppard)
• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Charles S. Thomas; Ranking Member: Frank B. Brandegee)
• Patents (Chairman: George W. Norris; Ranking Member: William F. Kirby)
• Pensions (Chairman: Porter J. McCumber; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Walsh)
• Philippines (Chairman: Warren G. Harding; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Charles E. Townsend; Ranking Member: John H. Bankhead)
• Printing (Chairman: George H. Moses; Ranking Member: Marcus A. Smith)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Charles A. Culberson; Ranking Member: Knute Nelson)
• Privileges and Elections (Chairman: William P. Dillingham; Ranking Member: Atlee Pomerene)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Bert M. Fernald; Ranking Member: James A. Reed)
• Public Health and National Quarantine (Chairman: Joseph I. France; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Ransdell)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Reed Smoot; Ranking Member: Henry L. Myers)
• Railroads (Chairman: Irvine L. Lenroot; Ranking Member: Peter G. Gerry)
• Reconstruction and Production (Select)
• Revision of the Laws (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Morris Sheppard; Ranking Member: Henry Cabot Lodge)
• Rules (Chairman: Philander C. Knox; Ranking Member: Lee S. Overman)
• Standards, Weights and Measures (Chairman: William S. Kenyon; Ranking Member: Warren G. Harding)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: Harry S. New; Ranking Member: Key Pittman)
• Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: Duncan U. Fletcher; Ranking Member: Porter J. McCumber)
• Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Duncan U. Fletcher; Ranking Member: William P. Dillingham)
• Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Select) (Chairman: Henry F. Ashurst; Ranking Member: Wesley L. Jones)
• Whole
• Woman Suffrage (Chairman: James Eli Watson; Ranking Member: Andrieus A. Jones)

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Clifford Ireland; Ranking Member: Frank Park)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Gilbert N. Haugen; Ranking Member: Gordon Lee)
• Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Chairman: Addison T. Smith; Ranking Member: William D. Upshaw)
• Appropriations (Chairman: James W. Good; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Byrns)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: Edmund Platt; Ranking Member: Michael F. Phelan)
• Budget (Select) (Chairman: James W. Good; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Byrns)
• Census (Chairman: Charles A. Nichols; Ranking Member: James B. Aswell)
• Claims (Chairman: George W. Edmonds; Ranking Member: Henry B. Steagall)
• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Albert H. Vestal; Ranking Member: William A. Ashbrook)
• Disposition of Executive Papers (Chairman: Merrill Moores)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Carl E. Mapes; Ranking Member: Ben Johnson)
• Education (Chairman: Simeon D. Fess; Ranking Member: William J. Sears)
• Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress (Chairman: Florian Lampert; Ranking Member: William W. Rucker)
• Elections No.#1 (Chairman: Frederick W. Dallinger; Ranking Member: Joe H. Eagle)
• Elections No.#2 (Chairman: Louis B. Goodall; Ranking Member: James W. Overstreet)
• Elections No.#3 (Chairman: Cassius C. Dowell; Ranking Member: Joseph Rowan)
• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: John R. Ramsey; Ranking Member: Ladislas Lazaro)
• Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: John M. Baer; Ranking Member: Robert L. Doughton)
• Expenditures in the Commerce Department (Chairman: Thomas Sutler Williams; Ranking Member: Michael F. Phelan)
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Aaron S. Kreider; Ranking Member: William F. Stevenson)
• Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Wallace H. White Jr.; Ranking Member: James P. Buchanan)
• Expenditures in the Labor Department (Chairman: Anderson H. Walters; Ranking Member: John J. Casey)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Leonard S. Echols; Ranking Member: Rufus Hardy)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Frederick N. Zihlman; Ranking Member: Benjamin G. Humphreys)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Richard N. Elliott; Ranking Member: Clement Brumbaugh)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Porter H. Dale; Ranking Member: Charles D. Carter)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William J. Graham; Ranking Member: Jerome F. Donovan)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Ira G. Hersey; Ranking Member: Ezekiel S. Candler Jr.)
• Flood Control (Chairman: William A. Rodenberg; Ranking Member: Benjamin G. Humphreys)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Stephen G. Porter; Ranking Member: Henry D. Flood)
• Immigration and Naturalization (Chairman: Albert Johnson; Ranking Member: Adolph J. Sabath)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Philip P. Campbell; Ranking Member: Charles D. Carter)
• Industrial Arts and Expositions (Chairman: Oscar E. Bland; Ranking Member: Isaac R. Sherwood)
• Insular Affairs (Chairman: Horace M. Towner; Ranking Member: Finis J. Garrett)
• Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: John J. Esch; Ranking Member: Thetus W. Sims)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Charles E. Fuller; Ranking Member: Isaac R. Sherwood)
• Investigate Contracts and Expenditures Made by the War Department during the War (Select) (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A)
• Irrigation of Arid Lands (Chairman: Moses P. Kinkaid; Ranking Member: Edward T. Taylor)
• Judiciary (Chairman: Andrew J. Volstead; Ranking Member: Robert Y. Thomas Jr.)
• Labor (Chairman: John M. C. Smith; Ranking Member: James P. Maher)
• Library (Chairman: Norman J. Gould; Ranking Member: Ben Johnson)
• Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: William S. Greene; Ranking Member: Rufus Hardy)
• Mileage (Chairman: John A. Elston; Ranking Member: James P. Maher)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Julius Kahn; Ranking Member: S. Hubert Dent Jr.)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Mahlon M. Garland; Ranking Member: Otis Wingo)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Thomas S. Butler; Ranking Member: Lemuel P. Padgett)
• Patents (Chairman: John I. Nolan; Ranking Member: Guy E. Campbell)
• Pensions (Chairman: Sam R. Sells; Ranking Member: James M. Mead)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Halvor Steenerson; Ranking Member: John A. Moon)
• Printing (Chairman: Edgar R. Kiess; Ranking Member: James V. McClintic)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John W. Langley; Ranking Member: Frank Clark)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Nicholas J. Sinnott; Ranking Member: Scott Ferris)
• Railways and Canals (Chairman: Loren E. Wheeler; Ranking Member: Benjamin F. Welty)
• Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: Frederick R. Lehlbach; Ranking Member: Hannibal L. Godwin)
• Revision of Laws (Chairman: Edward C. Little; Ranking Member: John T. Watkins)
• Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Charles A. Kennedy; Ranking Member: John H. Small)
• Roads (Chairman: Thomas B. Dunn; Ranking Member: Edward W. Saunders)
• Rules (Chairman: Philip P. Campbell; Ranking Member: Edward W. Pou)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: Charles F. Curry; Ranking Member: John T. Watkins)
• United States Shipping Board Operations (Select) (Chairman: Joseph Walsh; Ranking Member: N/A)
• War Claims (Chairman: Benjamin K. Focht; Ranking Member: Frank Clark)
• Water Power (Special) (Chairman: John J. Esch; Ranking Member: Thetus W. Sims)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: Joseph W. Fordney; Ranking Member: Claude Kitchin)
• Woman Suffrage (Chairman: James Robert Mann; Ranking Member: John E. Raker)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
• High Cost of Living
• The Library (Chairman: Sen. Frank B. Brandegee)
• Pacific Coast Naval Bases
• Postal Salaries
• Postal Service
• Printing (Chairman: Sen. Reed Smoot)
• Reclassification of Salaries
• Reorganization
• Reorganization of the Administrative Branch of the Government
• Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims
• To Investigate the System of Shortime Rural Credits

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

[[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Elliott Woods
• Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
• Public Printer of the United States: Cornelius Ford

Senate

• Chaplain: F.J. Prettyman (Methodist), until January 21, 1921.
  • John J. Muir (Baptist), from January 21, 1921.
• Secretary: James M. Baker, until May 19, 1919.
  • George A. Sanderson, from May 19, 1919.
• Librarian: Edward C. Goodwin
• Sergeant at Arms: Charles P. Higgins, until May 19, 1919.
  • David S. Barry, from May 19, 1919.

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Henry N. Couden (Universalist)
• Clerk: South Trimble, until May 19, 1919
  • William T. Page, from May 19, 1919
• Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy
• Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Clarence A. Cannon
  • Lehr Fess
• Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and Alney E. Chaffee (R)
• Postmaster: Frank W. Collier
• Sergeant at Arms: Robert B. Gordon, until May 19, 1919
  • Joseph G. Rodgers, from May 19, 1919

References

References

1. Rogers, Lindsay. (1921). "The Third Session of the Sixty-Sixth Congress, December 6, 1920--March 4, 1921: The Ligislative Record". American Political Science Review.
2. Rogers, Lindsay. (1921). "The Third Session of the Sixty-Sixth Congress, December 6, 1920--March 4, 1921: Notes on Procedure". American Political Science Review.
3. "Women Members by Congress, 1917–Present {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives".
4. The official U.S. Senate website provides the full story of this filibuster as part of a biography of [[Charles P. Higgins]][https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/SAA_Charles_Higgins.htm], the [[Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate. Senate Sergeant-at-Arms]] who was the only [[Democratic Party (United States). Democrat]] to fill that office in a space of almost forty years.
5. Senator [[Augustus Owsley Stanley. Augustus O. Stanley]] (D-Kentucky) was elected but chose not to take his seat until May 19, 1919, preferring to continue his term as [[Governor of Kentucky]]. However, Stanley was duly elected and qualified and was therefore a Senator despite not taking his seat for two months.