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1910 United States census

13th US national census

1910 United States census

13th US national census

FieldValue
nameThirteenth census
of the United States
logoSeal of the United States Census Bureau.svg
logo_captionU.S. Census Bureau seal
countryUnited States
region_typestate
dateApril 15, 1910
population92,228,496
percent_change21%
most_populousNew York
9,113,614
least_populousNevada
81,875
previous_census1900 United States census
previous_year1900
next_census1920 United States census
next_year1920

of the United States 9,113,614 81,875 The 1910 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 census. The 1910 census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation.

This was the last census in which Texas did not record any top 50 largest cities by population, despite being the 5th most populous state at the time. It was also the first census in which all the top 50 largest cities had population over 100,000.

The 1910 census was the first to use metropolitan districts, the predecessor to modern metropolitan statistical areas, which were defined for all cities with at least 200,000 people.

Organization

Dr. Edward Dana Durand, then-head of the Bureau of Corporations, was appointed in 1909 to oversee the census. $14 million were allocated to conduct the census.

Census questions

The 1910 census collected the following information:

  • address
  • name
  • relationship to head of family
  • sex
  • race
  • age
  • marital status and, if married, number of years of present marriage
  • for women, number of children born and number now living
  • place of birth and mother tongue of person, and their parents
  • if foreign born, year of immigration; whether naturalized; whether able to speak English and, if unable, language spoken
  • occupation, industry and class of worker
  • if an employee, whether out of work during year
  • literacy
  • school attendance
  • whether home owned or rented, and, if owned, whether mortgaged
  • whether farm or house
  • whether a survivor of Union or Confederate Army or Navy
  • whether blind, deaf, or dumb

Full documentation for the 1910 census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

Column titles

The column titles in the census form are as follows:

LOCATION. Street, avenue, road, etc.

House number (in cities or towns).

  1. Number of dwelling house in order of visitation.

  2. Number of family in order of visitation.

  1. NAME of each person whose place of abode on April 15, 1910, was in this family.

Enter surname first, then the given name and middle initial, if any.

Include every person living on April 15, 1910. Omit children born since April 15, 1910.

RELATION.

  1. Relationship of this person to the head of the family.

PERSONAL DESCRIPTION.

  1. Sex.

  2. Color or race.

  3. Age at last birthday.

  4. Whether single, married, widowed, or divorced.

  5. Number of years of present marriage.

  6. Mother of how many children: Number born.

  7. Mother of how many children: Number now living.

NATIVITY.

Place of birth of each person and parents of each person enumerated. If born in the United States, give the state or territory. If of foreign birth, give the country.

  1. Place of birth of this Person.

  2. Place of birth of Father of this person.

  3. Place of birth of Mother of this person.

CITIZENSHIP.

  1. Year of immigration to the United States.

  2. Whether naturalized or alien.

  1. Whether able to speak English; or, if not, give language spoken.

OCCUPATION.

  1. Trade or profession of, or particular kind of work done by this person, as spinner, salesman, laborer, etc.,

  2. General nature of industry, business, or establishment in which this person works, as cotton mill, dry goods store, farm, etc.

  3. Whether as employer, employee, or work on own account.

If an employee – 21. Whether out of work on April 15, 1910.

  1. Number of weeks out of work during year 1909.

EDUCATION.

  1. Whether able to read.

  2. Whether able to write.

  3. Attended school any time since September 1, 1909.

OWNERSHIP OF HOME.

  1. Owned or rented.

  2. Owned free or mortgaged.

  3. Farm or house.

  4. Number of farm schedule.

  1. Whether a survivor of the Union or Confederate Army or Navy.
  1. Whether blind (both eyes).
  1. Whether deaf and dumb.

State rankings

RankStatePopulation as of
1910 censusPopulation as of
1900 censusChangePercent
change
1New York9,113,6147,268,8941,844,72025.4%
2Pennsylvania7,665,1116,302,1151,362,99621.6%
3Illinois5,638,5914,821,550817,04116.9%
4Ohio4,767,1214,157,545609,57614.7%
5Texas3,896,5423,048,710847,83227.8%
6Massachusetts3,366,4162,805,346561,07020.0%
7Missouri3,293,3353,106,665186,6706.0%
8Michigan2,810,1732,420,982389,19116.1%
9Indiana2,700,8762,516,462184,4147.3%
10Georgia (U.S. state)2,609,1212,216,331392,79017.7%
11New Jersey2,537,1671,883,669653,49834.7%
12Flag of California (1909).png California2,377,5491,485,053892,49660.1%
13Wisconsin2,333,8602,069,042264,81812.8%
14Kentucky2,289,9052,147,174142,7316.6%
15Iowa2,224,7712,231,853−7,082−0.3%
16North Carolina2,206,2871,893,810312,47716.5%
17Tennessee2,184,7892,020,616164,1738.1%
18Alabama2,138,0931,828,697309,39616.9%
19Minnesota2,075,7081,751,394324,31418.5%
20Virginia2,061,6121,854,184207,42811.2%
21Mississippi1,797,1141,551,270245,84415.8%
22Kansas1,690,9491,470,495220,45415.0%
23Oklahoma1,657,155790,391866,764109.7%
24Louisiana1,656,3881,381,625274,76319.9%
25Arkansas1,574,4491,311,564262,88520.0%
26South Carolina1,515,4001,340,316175,08413.1%
27Maryland1,295,3461,188,044107,3029.0%
28West Virginia1,221,119958,800262,31927.4%
29Nebraska1,192,2141,066,300125,91411.8%
30Washington1,141,990518,103623,887120.4%
31Connecticut1,114,756908,420206,33622.7%
32Colorado799,024539,700259,32448.0%
33Florida752,619528,542224,07742.4%
34Maine742,371694,46647,9056.9%
35Oregon672,765413,536259,22962.7%
36South Dakota583,888401,570182,31845.4%
37North Dakota577,056319,146257,91080.8%
38Rhode Island542,610428,556114,05426.6%
39New Hampshire430,572411,58818,9844.6%
40Montana376,053243,329132,72454.5%
41Utah373,351276,74996,60234.9%
42Vermont355,956343,64112,3153.6%
–District of Columbia331,069278,71852,35118.8%
–New Mexico327,301195,310131,99167.6%
43Idaho325,594161,772163,822101.3%
–Arizona204,354122,93181,42366.2%
44Delaware202,322184,73517,5879.5%
–Hawaii191,874154,00137,87324.6%
45Wyoming145,96592,53153,43457.7%
46Nevada81,87542,33539,54093.4%
–Alaska64,35663,5927641.2%

City rankings

RankCityStatetitle=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990year=1998url=https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.htmlpublisher=U.S. Census Bureau }}Region (2016)
01New YorkNew York4,766,883Northeast
02ChicagoIllinois2,185,283Midwest
03PhiladelphiaPennsylvania1,549,008Northeast
04St. LouisMissouri687,029Midwest
05BostonMassachusetts670,585Northeast
06ClevelandOhio560,663Midwest
07BaltimoreMaryland558,485South
08PittsburghPennsylvania533,905Northeast
09DetroitMichigan465,766Midwest
10BuffaloNew York423,715Northeast
11San FranciscoCalifornia416,912West
12MilwaukeeWisconsin373,857Midwest
13CincinnatiOhio363,591Midwest
14NewarkNew Jersey347,469Northeast
15New OrleansLouisiana339,075South
16WashingtonDistrict of Columbia331,069South
17Los AngelesCalifornia319,198West
18MinneapolisMinnesota301,408Midwest
19Jersey CityNew Jersey267,779Northeast
20Kansas CityMissouri248,381Midwest
21SeattleWashington237,194West
22IndianapolisIndiana233,650Midwest
23ProvidenceRhode Island224,326Northeast
24LouisvilleKentucky223,928South
25RochesterNew York218,149Northeast
26Saint PaulMinnesota214,744Midwest
27DenverColorado213,381West
28PortlandOregon207,214West
29ColumbusOhio181,511Midwest
30ToledoOhio168,497Midwest
31AtlantaGeorgia154,839South
32OaklandCalifornia150,174West
33WorcesterMassachusetts145,986Northeast
34SyracuseNew York137,249Northeast
35New HavenConnecticut133,605Northeast
36BirminghamAlabama132,685South
37MemphisTennessee131,105South
38ScrantonPennsylvania129,867Northeast
39RichmondVirginia127,628South
40PatersonNew Jersey125,600Northeast
41OmahaNebraska124,096Midwest
42Fall RiverMassachusetts119,295Northeast
43DaytonOhio116,577Midwest
44Grand RapidsMichigan112,571Midwest
45NashvilleTennessee110,364South
46LowellMassachusetts106,294Northeast
47CambridgeMassachusetts104,839Northeast
48SpokaneWashington104,402West
49BridgeportConnecticut102,054Northeast
50AlbanyNew York100,253Northeast
51HartfordConnecticut98,915Northeast
52TrentonNew Jersey96,815Northeast
53New BedfordMassachusetts96,652Northeast
54San AntonioTexas96,614South
55ReadingPennsylvania96,071Northeast
56CamdenNew Jersey94,538Northeast
57Salt Lake CityUtah92,777West
58DallasTexas92,104South
59LynnMassachusetts89,336Northeast
60SpringfieldMassachusetts88,926Northeast
61WilmingtonDelaware87,411South
62Des MoinesIowa86,368Midwest
63LawrenceMassachusetts85,892Northeast
64TacomaWashington83,743West
65Kansas CityKansas82,331Midwest
66YonkersNew York79,803Northeast
67YoungstownOhio79,066Midwest
68HoustonTexas78,800South
69DuluthMinnesota78,466Midwest
70St. JosephMissouri77,403Midwest
71SomervilleMassachusetts77,236Northeast
72TroyNew York76,813Northeast
73UticaNew York74,419Northeast
74ElizabethNew Jersey73,409Northeast
75Fort WorthTexas73,312South
76WaterburyConnecticut73,141Northeast
77SchenectadyNew York72,826Northeast
78HobokenNew Jersey70,324Northeast
79ManchesterNew Hampshire70,063Northeast
80EvansvilleIndiana69,647Midwest
81AkronOhio69,067Midwest
82NorfolkVirginia67,452South
83Wilkes-BarrePennsylvania67,105Northeast
84PeoriaIllinois66,950Midwest
85EriePennsylvania66,525Northeast
86SavannahGeorgia65,064South
87Oklahoma CityOklahoma64,205South
88HarrisburgPennsylvania64,186Northeast
89Fort WayneIndiana63,933Midwest
90CharlestonSouth Carolina58,833South
91PortlandMaine58,571Northeast
92East St. LouisIllinois58,547Midwest
93Terre HauteIndiana58,157Midwest
94HolyokeMassachusetts57,730Northeast
95JacksonvilleFlorida57,699South
96BrocktonMassachusetts56,878Northeast
97BayonneNew Jersey55,545Northeast
98JohnstownPennsylvania55,482Northeast
99PassaicNew Jersey54,773Northeast
100South BendIndiana53,684Midwest

Locations of 50 most populous cities

First language of the foreign-born population

RankLanguageWhite population
1English and Celtic3,363,792
2German2,759,032
3Italian1,365,110
4Yiddish and Hebrew1,051,767
5Polish943,781
6Swedish683,218
7French528,842
8Norwegian402,587
9Spanish258,131
10Hungarian229,094
11Czech228,738
12Danish183,844
13Slovak166,474
14Dutch151,825
15Lithuanian and Latvian140,963
16Slovene123,631
17Finnish119,948
18Greek118,379
19Serbo-Croatian105,669
20Portuguese72,649
21Russian57,926
22Romanian42,277
23Arabic32,868
24Ukrainian25,131
25Armenian23,938
26Bulgarian18,341
27Turkish4,709
28Albanian2,312

Data availability

An example of a 1910 U.S. census form with [[August H. Runge

The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in the 1940s; after which the original sheets were destroyed. The microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, along with digital indices.

Microdata from the 1910 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

Notes

References

  1. Gardner, Todd. (February 2021). "Changes in Metropolitan Area Definition, 1910–2010". United States Census Bureau.
  2. Willis, H. Parker. (1913). "The Thirteenth Census". Journal of Political Economy.
  3. (October 1981). "Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925". [[New York State Library]].
  4. [https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1913/dec/vol-1-population.html 1910 Census: Volume 1. Population, General Report and Analysis]
  5. (1998). "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau.
  6. "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau.
  7. (June 2, 2000). "Tech Paper 29: Table 6. Mother Tongue of the Foreign-Born Population: 1910 to 1940, 1960, and 1970".
  8. Algonquin Area Public Library District. (August 2018). "Census Secrets".
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