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2017 German federal election

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Field	Value
country	Germany
type	parliamentary
previous_election	2013 German federal election
previous_year	2013
election_date
next_election	2021 German federal election
next_year	2021
outgoing_members	List of members of the 18th Bundestag
elected_members	List of members of the 19th Bundestag
seats_for_election	All 709 seats in the Bundestag (including overhang and leveling seats)
majority_seats	355
opinion_polls	Opinion polling for the 2017 German federal election
registered	61,688,485 ( 0.4%)
turnout	76.2% ( 4.7 pp)
image_size	130x130px
image1
candidate1	Angela Merkel
party1	CDU/CSU
last_election1	41.5%, 311 seats
seats1	246
seat_change1	65
popular_vote1	15,317,344
percentage1	32.9%
swing1	8.6 pp
image2
candidate2	Martin Schulz
party2	Social Democratic Party of Germany
last_election2	25.7%, 193 seats
seats2	153
seat_change2	40
popular_vote2	9,539,381
percentage2	20.5%
swing2	5.2 pp
image3
candidate3	Alexander Gauland
& Alice Weidel
party3	Alternative for Germany
last_election3	4.7%, 0 seats
seats3	94
seat_change3	94
popular_vote3	5,878,115
percentage3	12.6%
swing3	7.9 pp
image4
candidate4	Christian Lindner
party4	Free Democratic Party (Germany)
last_election4	4.8%, 0 seats
seats4	80
seat_change4	80
popular_vote4	4,999,449
percentage4	10.7%
swing4	5.9 pp
image5
candidate5	Dietmar Bartsch &
Sahra Wagenknecht
party5	The Left (Germany)
last_election5	8.6%, 64 seats
seats5	69
seat_change5	5
popular_vote5	4,297,270
percentage5	9.2%
swing5	0.6 pp
image6
candidate6	Katrin Göring-Eckardt
& Cem Özdemir
party6	Alliance 90/The Greens
last_election6	8.4%, 63 seats
seats6	67
seat_change6	4
popular_vote6	4,158,400
percentage6	8.9%
swing6	0.5 pp
map_image	2017 German federal election.svg
map_size	400px
map_caption	Results of the election. The main map shows constituency winners, and results for the proportional list seats are shown in the bottom left.
title	Government
before_election	Third Merkel cabinet
before_party	CDU/CSU–SPD
posttitle	Government after election
after_election	Fourth Merkel cabinet
after_party	CDU/CSU–SPD

& Alice Weidel

Sahra Wagenknecht

& Cem Özdemir

A federal election was held in Germany on 24 September 2017 to elect the members of the 19th Bundestag. At stake were at least 598 seats in the Bundestag, as well as 111 overhang and leveling seats determined thereafter.

The Christian Democratic Union of Germany and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CDU/CSU), led by incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel, won the highest percentage of the vote with 33%, though it suffered a large swing against it of more than 8%. The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) achieved its second worst result since post-war Germany at 21%, undercut only by its 2025 result. Alternative for Germany (AfD), which was previously unrepresented in the Bundestag, became the third party in the Bundestag with 12.6% of the vote, whilst the Free Democratic Party (FDP) won 10.7% of the vote and returned to the Bundestag after losing all their seats in 2013. It was the first time since 1957 that a party to the political right of the CDU/CSU gained seats in the Bundestag. The other parties to achieve representation in the Bundestag were the Left and Alliance 90/The Greens, each close to 9% of the vote. In the 709 member Bundestag, a majority is 355 and the CDU/CSU won 246 seats (200 CDU and 46 CSU), the SPD 153, the AfD 94, the FDP 80, The Left 69, and the Greens 67.

For the second consecutive occasion, the CDU/CSU reached a coalition agreement with the SPD to form a grand coalition, the fourth in post-war German history, and the new government took office on 14 March 2018. The agreement came after a failed attempt by the CDU/CSU to enter into a Jamaica coalition with the Greens and the FDP, which the latter pulled out of citing irreconcilable differences between the parties on migration and energy policy. This had been by far the longest government formation in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany, as it was the first time a proposed coalition formation negotiation had collapsed and had been replaced by another coalition.

Background

At the 2013 German federal election, the incumbent government composed of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) had failed to maintain a majority of seats. The FDP failed to get over 5% of the vote in 2013, denying the party seats in the Bundestag for the first time in its history. In contrast, the CDU/CSU obtained their best result since 1990, with nearly 42% of the vote and just 5 seats short of an absolute majority. The CDU/CSU then successfully negotiated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) to form a grand coalition for the third time.

In January 2017, party leader Sigmar Gabriel recommended Martin Schulz, the former president of the European Parliament, as their leader and chancellor candidate. The party substantially increased its support as a result; however, the CDU afterward regained its lead, with polls generally showing a 13–16% lead over the SPD.

Date

German law requires that a new Bundestag shall be elected on a Sunday or on a nationwide holiday between 46 and 48 months after the last Bundestag's first sitting (Basic Law Article 39 Section 1). In January 2017, then-President Joachim Gauck scheduled the election for 24 September 2017.

After the election, the 19th Bundestag had to hold its first sitting within 30 days. Until that first sitting, the members of the 18th Bundestag remained in office (Basic Law Article 39 Section 1 and 2).

Electoral system

Germany uses the mixed-member proportional representation system, a system of proportional representation combined with elements of first-past-the-post voting. The Bundestag has 598 nominal members, elected for a four-year term; these seats are distributed between the sixteen German states in proportion to the states' population eligible to vote.

Every elector has two votes: a constituency and a list vote. 299 members are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post, based just on the first votes. The second votes are used to produce an overall proportional result in the states and then in the Bundestag. Seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method. If a party wins fewer constituency seats in a state than its second votes would entitle it to, it receives additional seats from the relevant state list. Parties can file lists in each single state under certain conditions, such as a fixed number of supporting signatures. Parties can receive second votes only in those states in which they have successfully filed a state list.

If a party by winning single-member constituencies in one state receives more seats than it would be entitled to according to its second vote share in that state (overhang seats), the other parties receive compensation seats. Owing to this provision, the Bundestag usually has more than 598 members. The 18th Bundestag, for example, started with 631 seats: 598 regular and 33 overhang and compensation seats. Overhang seats are calculated at the state level, so many more seats are added to balance this out among the different states, adding more seats than would be needed to compensate for overhang at the national level in order to avoid negative vote weight.

In order to qualify for seats based on the party-list vote share, a party must either win three single-member constituencies or exceed a threshold of 5% of the second votes nationwide. If a party only wins one or two single-member constituencies and fails to get at least 5% of the second votes, it keeps the single-member seat(s), but other parties that accomplish at least one of the two threshold conditions receive compensation seats. During the 2002 German federal election, the PDS won only 4.0% of the party-list votes nationwide but won two constituencies in the state of Berlin. The same applies if an independent candidate wins a single-member constituency, which has not happened since 1949. In the 2013 German federal election, the FDP only won 4.8% of party-list votes; this cost it all of its seats in the Bundestag.

If a voter has cast a first vote for a successful independent candidate or a successful candidate whose party failed to qualify for proportional representation, their second vote does not count to determine proportional representation; however, it does count to determine whether the elected party has exceeded the five percent hurdle.

Parties representing recognized national minorities, such as Danes, Frisians, Sorbs, and Romani people, are exempt from the 5% threshold but normally only run in state elections.

Parties and leaders

Altogether 38 parties have managed to get on the ballot in at least one state and can therefore (theoretically) earn proportional representation in the Bundestag. Furthermore, there are several independent candidates, running for a single-member constituency. Below are the major parties that are likely to either exceed the threshold of 5% second votes or to win single-member constituencies (first votes).

Name	Ideology	Leading
candidate(s)	2013 result	Votes (%)	Seats
CDU/CSU}};"		CDU/CSU	CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands	Christian democracy	Angela Merkel
CSU	Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern	7.4%
Social Democratic Party of Germany}};"		SPD	Social Democratic Party of Germany
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands	Social democracy	Martin Schulz	25.7%
The Left (Germany)}};"		Linke	The Left
Die Linke	Democratic socialism	Dietmar Bartsch
Sahra Wagenknecht	8.6%
Alliance 90/The Greens}};"		Grüne	Alliance 90/The Greens
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen	Green politics	Cem Özdemir
Katrin Göring-Eckardt	8.4%
Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};"		FDP	Free Democratic Party
Freie Demokratische Partei	Liberalism	Christian Lindner	4.8%
Alternative for Germany}};"		AfD	Alternative for Germany
Alternative für Deutschland	National conservatism
Völkisch nationalism	Alexander Gauland
Alice Weidel	4.7%

Traditionally, the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) and the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU), which refer to each other as sister parties, do not compete against each other. The CSU only contests elections in Bavaria, while the CDU contests elections in the other fifteen states. Although these parties have some differences, such as the CSU's opposition to the previous government's immigration policies, the CDU and CSU share the same basic political aims and are allowed by the Regulations of the Bundestag to join into one parliamentary Fraktion (a parliamentary group composed of at least 5% of the members of the Bundestag, entitled to specific rights in parliament) after the elections, as they do in the form of the CDU/CSU group.

As the CDU/CSU and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) were likely to win the most seats in the election, their leading candidates are referred to as chancellor candidates; however, this does not mean that the new Bundestag is legally bound to elect one of them as chancellor.

Opinion polling

Main article: Opinion polling for the German federal election, 2017

The polls are from September 2013 (the last federal election) up to the current date. Each coloured line specifies a political party.

Results

Constituencies won

Results of the second vote by state

Additional member seats by state

The CDU/CSU and the SPD remained the two largest parties in the Bundestag, but both received a significantly lower proportion of the vote than they did in the 2013 German federal election.

The AfD received enough votes to enter the Bundestag for the first time, taking 12.6 percent of the vote—more than double the five percent threshold required to qualify for full parliamentary status. It also won three constituency seats, which would have qualified it for proportionally-elected seats in any event.

The FDP returned to the Bundestag with 10.7 percent of the vote. Despite improving their results slightly and thus gaining a few more seats, the Left and the Greens remained the two smallest parties in parliament.

Results by constituency

Below are first votes (Erststimme) by constituency.

State	Constituency ("Wahlkreis")	CDU/CSU	SPD	AfD	FDP	Linke	Grüne	Others	Lead	CDU/CSU}};"
Baden-Württemberg	Aalen-Heidenheim	46.4	21.0	11.0	6.1	5.2	9.6	0.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.4
Backnang-Schwäbisch Gmünd	41.2	20.0	13.2	8.1	5.6	11.3	0.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	21.2
Biberach	44.5	16.9	11.3	7.5	3.8	13.5	2.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	27.6
Böblingen	38.8	19.6	11.2	12.8	5.0	11.9	0.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	19.2
Bodensee	41.4	18.0	10.4	8.8	5.3	13.9	2.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	23.4
Bruchsal-Schwetzingen	41.5	19.5	14.4	6.7	4.6	8.3	5.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	22.0
Calw	43.3	16.9	14.1	9.3	4.5	8.8	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	26.4
Emmendingen-Lahr	37.6	23.7	10.8	8.6	5.2	11.1	2.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.7
Esslingen	40.0	19.2	10.7	8.7	5.9	15.3	0.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	20.8
Freiburg	28.0	22.7	7.2	5.3	7.3	25.7	3.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.3
Göppingen	37.6	21.9	14.5	9.2	4.4	12.1	0.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.7
Heidelberg	32.7	26.0	8.9	6.6	6.1	16.7	3.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.7
Heilbronn	35.3	23.2	15.6	9.6	4.6	8.1	3.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	12.1
Karlsruhe-Land	40.4	19.7	11.7	9.1	4.6	11.4	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	20.7
Karlsruhe-Stadt	28.5	23.6	10.0	8.6	7.6	17.6	4.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.9
Konstanz	44.8	16.8	9.6	7.3	7.0	13.4	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	28.0
Lörrach-Müllheim	39.4	21.1	9.6	8.7	5.0	15.0	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.3
Ludwigsburg	38.3	17.8	11.6	10.2	5.5	14.2	2.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	20.5
Mannheim	29.3	27.9	12.5	6.9	7.4	13.1	2.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	1.4
Neckar-Zaber	40.0	19.7	12.6	8.8	4.6	12.5	1.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	20.3
Nürtingen	39.4	19.0	11.9	9.9	4.8	14.8	0.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	20.4
Odenwald-Tauber	46.8	19.1	13.6	7.1	5.2	6.9	1.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	27.7
Offenburg	48.1	17.3	10.4	6.2	5.4	12.6	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	30.8
Pforzheim	36.4	19.0	15.8	11.9	4.7	9.6	2.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.4
Rastatt	44.1	19.0	12.2	7.2	4.6	10.9	2.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.1
Ravensburg	38.5	12.4	9.4	10.1	5.4	20.2	4.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.3
Reutlingen	40.8	15.0	12.0	10.0	6.2	14.3	1.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.8
Rhein-Neckar	37.4	23.9	13.1	8.1	5.2	9.6	2.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.5
Rottweil-Tuttlingen	43.0	15.9	13.0	10.8	3.9	9.5	3.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	27.1
Schwäbisch Hall - Hohenlohe	40.5	18.5	13.5	8.4	4.3	12.6	2.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	22.0
Schwarzwald-Baar	47.0	16.7	11.4	8.4	4.3	9.8	2.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	30.3
Stuttgart I	32.0	12.8	6.7	8.4	6.5	29.7	3.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.3
Stuttgart II	33.5	18.5	10.4	8.6	8.9	15.9	4.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.0
Tübingen	35.7	17.3	8.7	7.9	8.8	19.1	2.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.6
Ulm	42.7	20.2	10.7	8.1	4.6	12.0	1.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	22.5
Waiblingen	36.8	19.2	12.4	13.4	4.9	12.2	1.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.6
Waldshut	41.9	24.1	9.2	6.2	5.0	11.9	1.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.8
Zollernalb-Sigamaringen	45.0	14.4	13.6	9.3	4.7	12.7	0.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	30.6
Total	39.3	19.5	11.5	8.6	5.4	13.4	2.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	19.8
Bavaria	Altötting	54.5	12.3	13.1	5.6	4.8	6.0	3.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	41.4
Erding – Ebersberg	48.2	14.9	10.3	7.3	4.0	10.2	5.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	33.3
Freising	43.0	13.5	12.5	7.2	5.0	9.4	9.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	29.5
Fürstenfeldbruck	43.6	18.7	10.2	7.2	4.1	9.1	7.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	24.9
Ingolstadt	49.5	13.6	13.0	5.1	4.8	6.3	7.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	35.9
München-Nord	32.2	26.0	7.6	9.6	6.0	13.1	5.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.2
München-Ost	36.8	21.3	7.4	8.9	6.3	15.2	4.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.5
München-Süd	33.0	23.5	7.6	9.1	7.4	13.8	5.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.5
München-West/Mitte	33.3	23.1	6.7	9.0	7.1	16.3	4.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.2
München-Land	43.5	16.3	8.4	9.3	3.9	13.7	4.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	27.2
Rosenheim	45.9	11.8	13.0	7.4	3.8	9.4	8.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	32.9
Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen – Miesbach	47.6	11.3	9.9	8.2	5.3	13.6	4.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	34.0
Starnberg – Landsberg am Lech	42.1	16.7	8.9	9.6	4.0	11.9	6.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.4
Traunstein	50.3	16.1	10.2	5.7	4.5	8.1	5.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	34.2
Weilheim	47.6	14.8	10.1	7.0	4.7	9.1	6.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	32.8
Deggendorf	44.1	17.4	17.3	4.0	4.2	4.5	8.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	26.7
Landshut	39.6	13.6	12.6	8.5	3.6	6.5	15.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	24.0
Passau	47.5	18.9	14.1	6.1	4.8	5.6	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	28.6
Rottal-Inn	45.0	14.4	15.1	7.0	3.9	4.9	9.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	28.6
Straubing	47.6	16.8	15.0	4.4	3.7	3.6	8.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	30.8
Amberg	47.7	15.2	11.2	5.0	4.4	6.9	9.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	32.5
Regensburg	40.1	16.7	11.8	6.2	6.0	9.3	9.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	23.4
Schwandorf	48.5	24.2	0.0	4.6	5.0	3.9	13.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	24.3
Weiden	46.2	22.3	0.0	4.1	4.4	3.6	19.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	23.9
Bamberg	42.1	20.4	11.5	6.5	5.2	9.2	5.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	21.7
Bayreuth	46.5	21.2	9.4	6.6	4.3	7.1	4.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.9
Coburg	45.3	26.4	10.5	4.8	5.2	5.9	2.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.9
Hof	47.0	23.6	11.8	3.7	4.4	4.7	4.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	23.4
Kulmbach	55.4	16.1	11.6	4.0	3.8	4.4	4.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	39.3
Ansbach	44.3	18.4	10.5	4.2	6.1	7.6	9.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.9
Erlangen	42.7	21.0	7.9	5.9	5.9	11.0	5.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	21.7
Fürth	39.9	22.9	10.6	5.4	6.8	9.7	4.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.0
Nürnberg-Nord	31.3	25.6	9.2	7.2	10.0	12.7	4.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.7
Nürnberg-Süd	45.6	26.5	13.2	5.8	8.2	7.8	2.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	19.1
Roth	34.5	20.6	10.3	4.7	4.8	7.9	7.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.9
Aschaffenburg	48.1	16.6	10.5	8.0	5.8	9.2	2.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	31.5
Bad Kissingen	51.1	19.1	10.5	5.6	5.4	7.1	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	32.0
Main-Spessart	46.6	22.6	9.1	5.0	4.8	7.1	4.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	24.0
Schweinfurt	47.9	17.1	11.1	6.2	7.8	7.4	2.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	30.8
Würzburg	42.2	18.7	7.7	8.0	5.6	14.0	3.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	23.5
Augsburg-Stadt	34.8	19.3	13.3	6.1	8.5	13.9	4.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.5
Augsburg-Land	47.8	14.1	12.3	6.1	3.7	7.5	8.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	33.7
Donau-Ries	47.0	18.1	12.8	5.0	4.2	6.4	6.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	28.9
Neu-Ulm	44.6	14.6	13.6	6.0	4.4	9.2	7.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	30.0
Oberallgäu	50.5	12.2	9.6	7.0	4.7	9.2	6.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	38.3
Ostallgäu	49.2	11.4	12.6	5.6	5.3	8.7	7.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	36.6
Total	44.2	18.1	10.5	6.5	5.2	9.0	6.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	26.1
Berlin	Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf	30.2	27.6	7.5	9.2	9.4	13.6	2.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.6
Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg – Prenzlauer Berg Ost	12.2	16.9	6.2	3.1	24.9	26.3	10.4	Alliance 90/The Greens}};color:#FFFFFF;"	1.4
Lichtenberg	19.7	14.1	15.7	3.4	34.8	5.9	6.4	The Left (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.1
Marzahn-Hellersdorf	22.3	12.6	20.6	3.5	34.2	3.2	3.6	The Left (Germany)}}; color:white;"	11.9
Mitte	18.6	23.5	7.9	6.0	20.5	18.0	5.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	3.0
Neukölln	24.5	26.8	10.7	5.1	16.4	11.0	5.5	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	2.3
Pankow	19.6	16.4	12.1	4.2	28.8	14.2	4.8	The Left (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.2
Reinickendorf	36.8	23.6	13.2	7.2	7.7	7.9	3.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.2
Spandau-Charlottenburg Nord	30.9	32.1	13.4	6.4	7.6	6.2	3.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.2
Steglitz-Zehlendorf	35.4	24.6	8.2	9.1	7.5	12.7	2.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.8
Tempelhof-Schöneberg	28.9	22.0	9.1	6.4	10.8	18.9	3.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.9
Treptow-Köpenick	18.9	13.8	15.0	3.8	39.9	5.0	3.7	The Left (Germany)}}; color:white;"	21.0
Total	24.7	21.0	11.4	5.6	20.2	12.4	4.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	3.7
Brandenburg	Prignitz – Ostprignitz-Ruppin – Havelland I	30.8	23.7	18.0	3.6	17.6	3.0	3.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.1
Uckermark – Barnim I	30.6	19.4	20.2	3.8	18.5	3.7	3.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.4
Oberhavel – Havelland II	29.9	22.7	18.0	5.2	14.7	5.3	4.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.2
Märkisch-Oderland – Barnim II	28.4	15.8	20.2	4.2	22.5	5.4	3.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.9
Brandenburg an der Havel – Potsdam-Mittelmark I – Havelland III – Teltow-Fläming I	31.8	25.1	26.9	4.6	15.1	3.4	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.9
Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II	25.9	26.1	12.3	7.5	16.5	8.0	4.7	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	0.2
Dahme-Spreewald – Teltow-Fläming III – Oberspreewald-Lausitz I	30.7	19.6	20.3	4.8	16.4	4.4	3.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.4
Frankfurt (Oder) – Oder-Spree	27.1	17.1	21.9	5.1	19.1	3.3	6.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.2
Cottbus – Spree-Neiße	28.4	17.0	25.3	5.7	15.7	3.3	4.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	3.1
Elbe-Elster – Oberspreewald-Lausitz II	29.5	16.7	24.7	5.4	16.2	2.9	4.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.8
Total	29.0	20.5	19.4	5.1	17.2	4.5	4.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.5
Bremen	Bremen I	24.2	30.0	7.7	11.2	12.2	11.9	2.7	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	5.8
Bremen II-Bremerhaven	25.0	34.0	11.4	6.7	11.5	7.7	3.7	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	9.0
Total	24.6	31.8	9.3	9.2	11.9	10.1	3.2	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	7.2
Hamburg	Altona	25.9	28.9	5.1	8.6	13.6	14.4	3.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	3.0
Bergedorf-Harburg	28.1	34.8	10.9	5.2	10.7	7.7	2.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	6.7
Eimsbüttel	28.7	31.6	5.7	6.8	10.4	15.0	1.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	2.9
Mitte	24.2	30.9	7.3	6.4	13.9	12.9	4.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	6.7
Nord	33.5	30.8	5.5	8.4	7.5	13.6	0.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.7
Wandsbek	29.7	34.6	9.5	7.0	9.2	7.1	2.9	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	4.9
Total	28.5	32.0	7.3	7.1	10.8	11.7	2.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	3.5
Hesse	Waldeck	33.6	35.1	11.0	7.1	6.1	5.7	1.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.5
Kassel	26.9	35.6	10.0	5.9	8.8	9.4	3.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	8.7
Werra-Meißner – Hersfeld-Rotenburg	29.9	41.2	12.5	5.0	5.5	4.0	1.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	11.3
Schwalm-Eder	30.4	37.7	12.0	6.5	5.5	5.6	2.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	7.3
Marburg	33.4	35.7	10.2	4.3	8.2	6.4	1.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	2.3
Lahn-Dill	38.3	29.7	11.7	6.3	4.7	5.8	3.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.6
Gießen	35.1	28.2	11.5	7.7	6.3	8.3	2.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.9
Fulda	45.2	20.2	17.6	5.3	4.8	5.6	1.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.0
Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten	36.4	28.3	14.8	6.1	5.9	5.4	3.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.1
Hochtaunus	39.9	23.0	10.4	10.4	5.9	8.9	1.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.9
Wetterau I	36.4	29.0	10.9	8.1	4.9	8.3	2.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.4
Rheingau-Taunus – Limburg	41.8	25.3	10.2	7.6	5.5	7.0	2.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.5
Wiesbaden	34.3	28.6	10.4	7.0	7.7	8.9	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.7
Hanau	35.3	30.4	12.8	6.4	5.8	6.1	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.9
Main-Taunus	41.9	21.8	9.7	10.9	5.0	9.1	1.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	20.1
Frankfurt am Main I	30.5	27.1	9.0	9.2	9.7	10.9	3.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	3.4
Frankfurt am Main II	32.4	25.9	7.6	8.1	9.1	13.5	3.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.5
(electoral district)Groß-Gerau	35.1	32.4	11.3	5.6	6.7	6.8	2.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.7
Offenbach	36.4	24.9	11.2	7.7	7.7	8.8	3.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	11.5
Darmstadt	30.7	29.7	9.1	6.2	8.5	14.2	1.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	1.0
Odenwald	36.1	29.0	11.7	7.2	6.1	7.8	2.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.1
Bergstraße	38.9	26.9	12.5	7.6	5.5	7.6	0.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	12.0
Total	35.4	29.2	11.2	7.1	6.6	8.1	2.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.2
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	Ludwigslust-Parchim II-Nordwestmecklenburg II-Landkreis Rostock I	30.0	24.0	17.4	5.7	16.2	4.0	2.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.0
Mecklenburgische Seenplatte I-Vorpommern-Greifswald II	31.2	13.9	23.5	5.8	19.1	2.5	4.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.7
Mecklenburgische Seenplatte II-Landkreis Rostock III	37.6	15.7	18.4	4.7	17.4	3.3	2.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	19.2
Schwerin-Ludwigslust-Parchim I-Nordwestmecklenburg I	32.1	22.1	16.0	4.8	17.2	3.8	4.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.0
Rostock-Landkreis Rostock II	29.5	17.9	14.7	4.5	24.8	5.1	3.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.7
Vorpommern-Rügen-Vorpommern-Greifswald I	44.0	11.6	19.2	3.1	15.9	3.0	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	24.8
Total	34.2	17.4	18.2	4.7	18.5	3.6	3.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.7
Lower Saxony	Aurich – Emden	27.6	49.6	0.0	4.9	6.7	7.0	4.1	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	22.0
Unterems	50.0	28.0	7.7	4.4	4.4	4.7	0.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	22.0
Friesland – Wilhelmshaven – Wittmund	32.4	39.7	8.3	5.9	5.9	5.5	2.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	7.3
Oldenburg – Ammerland	30.2	36.3	6.7	6.1	8.1	11.4	1.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	6.1
Delmenhorst – Wesermarsch – Oldenburg-Land	34.1	32.9	9.0	9.0	6.1	7.7	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	1.2
Cuxhaven – Stade II	42.7	30.7	8.5	5.0	5.8	6.1	1.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	12.0
Stade I – Rotenburg II	44.4	28.2	8.3	5.8	5.3	7.0	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.2
Mittelems	53.6	26.4	5.0	5.6	3.8	5.0	0.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	27.2
Cloppenburg – Vechta	57.7	20.4	7.8	5.1	4.1	4.3	0.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	37.3
Diepholz – Nienburg I	44.6	27.3	8.1	7.0	5.3	7.7	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.3
Osterholz – Verden	39.2	32.0	8.6	5.5	7.1	6.7	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.2
Rotenburg I – Heidekreis	36.1	41.2	8.2	4.5	4.1	4.8	1.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.1
Harburg	40.6	27.4	9.2	6.5	5.4	9.1	1.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.2
Lüchow-Dannenberg – Lüneburg	33.5	28.1	8.7	6.6	8.4	14.8	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.4
Osnabrück-Land	45.6	28.3	6.6	6.4	5.3	7.7	0.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.3
Stadt Osnabrück	40.3	31.6	0.0	8.9	8.4	10.1	0.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.7
Nienburg II – Schaumburg	40.6	32.7	9.1	4.5	4.5	7.7	0.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.9
Stadt Hannover I	29.6	35.6	8.5	6.5	7.2	9.1	3.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	6.0
Stadt Hannover II	28.9	33.7	7.2	5.5	9.3	11.2	4.2	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	4.8
Hannover-Land I	40.1	33.1	9.6	5.2	5.0	6.0	1.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.0
Celle – Uelzen	42.7	30.0	10.1	5.5	4.6	5.8	1.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	12.7
Gifhorn – Peine	36.1	37.8	9.9	4.8	5.3	5.6	0.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.7
Hameln-Pyrmont – Holzminden	33.4	39.1	9.5	5.8	5.9	5.4	0.9	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	5.7
Hannover-Land II	35.2	37.0	9.4	5.4	5.4	5.7	1.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.8
Hildesheim	36.0	37.2	8.6	5.6	5.1	7.6	0.0	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.2
Salzgitter – Wolfenbüttel	29.1	42.8	11.9	4.7	6.0	4.3	1.1	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	13.7
Braunschweig	31.4	38.0	7.8	5.4	7.6	8.0	1.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	6.6
Helmstedt – Wolfsburg	34.9	38.0	10.2	5.7	6.0	4.5	0.7	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	3.1
Goslar – Northeim – Osterode	39.8	34.8	9.3	5.0	5.7	5.4	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.0
Göttingen	33.3	34.9	7.0	4.6	5.9	11.3	3.1	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.6
Total	38.3	33.6	8.0	5.7	5.9	7.2	1.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.7
North Rhine-Westphalia	Aachen I	33.7	32.5	5.6	7.3	8.8	9.4	2.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	1.2
Aachen II	36.5	36.9	8.8	6.4	5.1	4.5	1.7	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	0.4
Heinsberg	45.6	28.0	8.3	6.6	4.6	5.0	2.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.6
Düren	41.9	31.7	8.9	5.9	4.4	5.5	1.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.2
Rhein-Erft-Kreis I	39.2	31.1	9.0	9.3	4.5	5.5	1.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.1
Euskirchen – Rhein-Erft-Kreis II	42.8	26.2	9.5	9.9	5.8	5.8	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.6
Köln I	31.6	31.0	8.6	7.7	8.6	9.8	2.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	0.6
Köln II	34.9	26.9	4.6	9.1	8.0	14.6	2.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.0
Köln III	27.6	23.3	7.5	7.1	9.7	13.2	2.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	4.3
Bonn	32.0	34.9	6.1	10.5	5.7	8.4	2.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	2.9
Rhein-Sieg-Kreis I	44.3	27.7	0.0	10.4	8.1	6.5	3.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.6
Rhein-Sieg-Kreis II	46.5	22.7	8.4	8.4	5.5	7.9	0.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	23.8
Oberbergischer Kreis	43.7	26.7	10.1	7.8	5.2	6.1	0.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.0
Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis	40.0	24.4	7.2	15.7	4.9	6.9	0.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.6
Leverkusen – Köln IV	30.8	38.7	8.7	6.6	6.1	5.7	3.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	7.9
Wuppertal I	31.5	29.6	11.0	8.7	8.9	7.4	2.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.9
Solingen – Remscheid – Wuppertal II	38.2	30.8	9.5	7.8	6.2	5.8	1.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.4
Mettmann I	44.6	25.7	8.9	8.3	5.5	6.9	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.9
Mettmann II	39.3	30.2	9.0	8.7	5.5	6.1	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.1
Düsseldorf I	40.4	24.4	6.4	12.8	7.4	8.4	0.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.0
Düsseldorf II	33.8	27.3	8.1	9.2	13.0	8.3	0.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.5
Neuss I	44.0	28.6	8.6	7.2	5.4	5.1	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.4
Mönchengladbach	44.3	24.4	9.1	7.8	6.8	6.0	1.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	19.9
Krefeld I – Neuss II	42.4	25.5	7.3	11.5	5.1	6.6	1.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.9
Viersen	47.9	25.0	7.0	8.3	5.1	6.7	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	22.9
Kleve	45.0	30.6	6.6	7.6	4.2	4.9	1.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	14.4
Wesel I	39.0	32.8	8.6	8.0	6.0	5.5	0.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.2
Krefeld II – Wesel II	37.0	32.0	8.5	8.2	5.6	6.1	2.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.0
Duisburg I	28.7	38.3	11.5	7.0	6.9	5.6	2.1	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	9.6
Duisburg II	26.4	34.7	16.6	7.0	8.9	4.6	1.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	8.3
Oberhausen – Wesel III	29.1	38.5	12.3	6.3	7.6	5.6	0.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	9.4
Mülheim – Essen I	31.3	34.9	11.5	9.0	6.5	6.2	0.5	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	3.6
Essen II	26.6	37.3	15.8	6.6	7.9	5.4	0.4	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	10.7
Essen III	37.1	30.8	8.1	8.3	6.5	8.2	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.3
Recklinghausen I	30.9	38.7	11.4	7.2	6.6	5.0	0.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	7.8
Recklinghausen II	34.5	41.1	0.0	10.2	8.4	4.7	1.0	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	6.6
Gelsenkirchen	25.4	38.3	16.9	6.7	6.5	4.6	1.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	12.9
Steinfurt I – Borken I	51.3	25.8	6.0	6.6	4.9	5.3	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.5
Bottrop – Recklinghausen III	33.6	36.8	11.8	6.5	6.3	4.4	0.6	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	3.2
Borken II	52.3	25.3	0.0	9.1	4.5	6.7	2.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	27.0
Coesfeld – Steinfurt II	51.6	23.5	0.0	10.5	6.2	8.2	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	28.1
Steinfurt III	44.8	30.3	6.3	5.6	5.6	6.5	0.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	14.5
Münster	37.2	28.9	4.5	7.0	6.9	12.8	2.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.3
Warendorf	46.4	27.9	6.9	7.0	4.8	5.5	1.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.5
Gütersloh I	46.6	28.0	8.0	6.5	4.3	5.7	0.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.6
Bielefeld – Gütersloh II	30.7	33.2	8.2	7.3	9.0	9.6	2.0	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	2.5
Herford – Minden-Lübbecke II	35.8	36.7	10.0	5.6	5.6	5.1	1.2	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	0.9
Minden-Lübbecke I	37.4	35.5	9.9	7.1	5.3	4.9	0.0	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.9
Lippe I	36.6	32.1	10.2	8.4	5.4	6.0	1.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.5
Höxter – Lippe II	44.3	26.7	9.1	6.9	5.5	6.0	1.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.6
Paderborn – Gütersloh III	53.3	19.9	9.1	5.5	5.1	6.0	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	33.4
Hagen – Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis I	30.3	39.2	11.3	7.9	5.4	3.9	2.0	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	8.9
Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II	32.9	36.7	0.0	10.5	8.0	8.6	3.2	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	3.8
Bochum I	28.2	37.2	9.5	7.0	10.0	7.7	0.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	9.0
Herne – Bochum II	24.1	41.9	13.4	6.7	8.0	5.6	0.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	17.8
Dortmund I	28.6	38.8	9.5	5.9	7.7	7.3	2.2	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	10.2
Dortmund II	28.1	38.8	10.6	6.4	8.6	6.4	1.1	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	10.7
Unna I	31.8	38.8	9.1	6.4	5.4	6.4	2.1	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	7.0
Hamm – Unna II	35.2	36.4	10.4	5.9	5.9	4.4	1.8	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	1.2
Soest	42.7	29.3	8.9	7.9	5.7	5.5	0.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.4
Hochsauerlandkreis	48.0	26.9	7.3	8.4	4.2	4.2	0.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	21.1
Siegen-Wittgenstein	40.1	30.2	9.8	7.3	5.9	4.3	2.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.9
Olpe – Märkischer Kreis I	47.9	26.3	8.8	8.8	4.8	3.4	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	21.6
Märkischer Kreis II	37.8	38.6	0.0	10.7	7.8	3.8	1.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	0.8
Total	38.3	31.3	8.1	8.0	6.4	6.5	1.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.0
Rhineland-Palatinate	Neuwied	43.2	28.6	9.5	6.1	5.3	5.3	1.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	14.6
Ahrweiler	42.8	27.4	8.8	8.7	4.5	5.8	2.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.4
Koblenz	41.3	28.7	8.2	6.5	5.2	6.2	3.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	12.6
Mosel/Rhein-Hunsrück	44.1	25.2	8.2	8.7	5.3	4.9	3.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	18.9
Kreuznach	37.0	31.5	10.8	6.8	5.53	4.9	3.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.5
Bitburg	51.2	25.7	7.1	7.0	5.5	0.0	3.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	25.5
Trier	37.9	33.7	7.0	5.3	6.6	6.5	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.2
Montabaur	43.3	29.8	0.0	9.2	7.0	5.2	5.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.5
Mainz	35.7	28.0	7.3	6.9	6.4	10.8	4.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.7
Worms	41.1	26.7	11.3	6.0	5.1	6.7	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	14.4
Ludwigshafen/Frankenthal	32.1	31.9	14.5	7.5	5.6	5.5	2.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.2
Neustadt – Speyer	40.0	25.3	11.9	6.8	4.7	7.6	3.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	14.7
Kaiserslautern	31.3	33.9	12.6	5.5	7.2	5.1	4.3	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	2.6
Pirmasens	33.8	28.8	12.8	6.7	6.1	4.2	4.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.0
Südpfalz	40.3	26.0	12.3	6.0	4.7	7.9	2.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	14.3
Total	39.6	28.8	9.5	6.9	5.7	6.0	3.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.8
Saarland	Homburg	33.6	31.4	11.0	5.1	11.0	5.0	2.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.2
Saarbrücken	31.4	32.1	8.9	5.3	13.3	6.0	2.9	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	0.7
Saarlouis	38.0	32.1	9.0	3.8	10.8	3.5	2.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.9
St. Wendel	41.8	30.4	8.4	4.7	9.8	3.4	1.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	11.4
Total	36.2	31.5	9.3	4.7	11.2	4.5	2.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.7
Saxony	Nordsachsen	32.8	14.0	26.8	6.6	17.2	2.6	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	6.0
Leipzig I	27.5	16.5	20.5	5.7	19.5	5.5	4.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.0
Leipzig II	24.6	13.7	15.0	5.8	25.3	9.9	5.7	The Left (Germany)}}; color:white;"	0.7
Leipzig-Land	34.1	11.5	28.7	6.3	15.6	3.9	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.4
Meißen	36.7	8.9	31.0	5.3	12.7	3.3	2.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.7
Bautzen I	30.6	10.0	33.2	5.8	15.2	2.0	3.1	Alternative for Germany}}; color:white;"	2.6
Görlitz	31.4	10.9	32.4	5.0	13.6	3.3	3.4	Alternative for Germany}}; color:white;"	1.0
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge	28.8	7.2	37.4	6.5	14.7	3.0	2.4	Alternative for Germany}}; color:white;"	8.6
Dresden I	24.6	13.2	22.4	7.5	21.0	6.5	4.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.2
Dresden II – Bautzen II	25.5	11.1	22.3	7.0	17.5	8.6	7.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	3.2
Mittelsachsen	32.4	12.0	31.5	5.8	14.0	3.1	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	0.9
Chemnitz	26.6	15.4	24.0	6.6	19.4	4.2	3.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	2.6
Chemnitzer Umland – Erzgebirgskreis II	35.1	10.3	26.6	7.6	17.0	3.4	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.5
Erzgebirgskreis I	34.7	9.0	30.2	7.2	15.2	2.6	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.5
Zwickau	33.7	12.7	0.0	13.4	25.7	4.5	9.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.0
Vogtlandkreis	35.0	11.1	26.0	5.6	15.5	3.8	3.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.0
Total	30.6	11.7	25.4	6.7	17.5	4.5	3.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.2
Saxony-Anhalt	Altmark	32.6	19.1	16.5	6.7	19.2	3.4	2.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.4
Börde – Jerichower Land	37.8	20.0	20.3	0.0	7.6	2.4	11.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.5
Harz	36.4	17.5	16.1	4.9	19.2	3.2	2.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	17.2
Magdeburg	27.4	21.7	15.3	6.7	18.9	4.0	6.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.7
Dessau – Wittenberg	35.2	12.2	19.4	5.0	18.2	4.6	5.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.8
Anhalt	31.6	12.9	22.2	6.3	21.2	2.0	3.8	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.4
Halle	27.1	21.3	17.3	6.7	20.3	3.6	3.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.8
Burgenland – Saalekreis	33.6	13.1	23.4	6.6	16.9	2.5	3.9	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.2
Mansfeld	31.0	15.2	23.9	8.1	18.1	2.6	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.1
Total	32.4	17.2	16.9	6.5	19.2	6.5	4.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.2
Schleswig-Holstein	Flensburg – Schleswig	40.0	28.0	6.2	6.5	7.1	10.5	1.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	12.0
Nordfriesland – Dithmarschen Nord	45.1	25.2	5.9	8.1	5.2	9.4	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	19.9
Steinburg – Dithmarschen Süd	41.9	26.1	7.6	11.0	5.5	6.7	1.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	15.8
Rendsburg-Eckernförde	42.7	28.9	6.8	6.5	5.2	9.0	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.8
Kiel	30.7	31.0	6.1	7.5	7.3	14.3	3.0	Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;"	0.3
Plön – Neumünster	40.7	28.9	7.8	7.2	5.4	9.0	1.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	11.8
Pinneberg	39.7	30.3	7.9	7.8	6.1	8.3	0.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.4
Segeberg – Stormarn-Mitte	41.1	27.3	8.2	8.1	5.7	8.3	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.8
Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord	41.5	30.8	7.9	7.3	4.4	6.9	1.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.7
Herzogtum Lauenburg – Stormarn-Süd	39.5	27.2	9.1	8.2	5.1	9.7	1.1	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	12.3
Lübeck	35.3	33.9	8.7	6.5	0.0	13.0	2.7	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	1.4
Total	39.8	28.8	7.5	7.7	5.3	9.5	1.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	11.0
Thuringia	Eichsfeld-Nordhausen-Kyffhäuserkreis	38.0	14.3	21.4	4.9	15.3	2.6	3.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	16.6
Eisenach-Wartburgkreis-Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis	34.4	15.2	21.2	5.0	15.5	3.1	5.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	13.2
Erfurt-Weimar-Weimarer Land II	27.3	18.2	17.5	6.0	18.7	7.1	5.3	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	8.6
Gera-Greiz-Altenburger Land	30.4	11.8	27.3	5.6	18.7	2.1	4.0	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	3.1
Gotha-Ilm-Kreis	29.0	18.6	23.9	6.0	15.6	3.3	3.6	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	5.1
Jena-Sömmerda-Weimarer Land I	29.2	14.2	19.3	5.8	21.4	4.9	5.2	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	7.8
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt-Saale-Holzland-Kreis-Saale-Orla-Kreis	30.9	11.7	26.5	6.1	17.1	3.4	4.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	4.4
Suhl-Schmalkalden-Meiningen-Hildburghausen-Sonneberg	33.5	13.5	22.8	4.9	18.3	2.6	4.4	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	10.7
Total	31.6	14.6	22.5	5.5	17.6	3.6	4.5	Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}; color:white;"	9.1

Results by state

Second Vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list) by state

State	CDU/CSU	SPD	AfD	FDP	Linke	Grüne	Others
Baden-Württemberg	34.4	16.4	12.2	12.7	6.4	13.5	4.5
Bavaria	38.8	15.3	12.4	10.2	6.1	9.8	7.5
Berlin	22.7	17.9	12.0	8.9	18.8	12.6	7.0
Brandenburg	26.7	17.6	20.2	7.1	17.2	5.0	6.3
Bremen	25.0	26.3	10.0	9.3	13.5	11.0	4.3
Hamburg	27.2	23.5	7.8	10.8	12.2	13.9	4.5
Hesse	30.9	23.5	11.9	11.6	8.1	9.7	4.4
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	33.1	15.1	18.6	6.2	17.8	4.3	4.9
Lower Saxony	34.9	27.4	9.1	9.3	6.9	8.7	3.6
North Rhine-Westphalia	32.6	26.0	9.4	13.1	7.5	7.6	3.8
Rhineland-Palatinate	35.9	24.2	11.2	10.4	6.8	7.6	3.9
Saarland	32.4	27.2	10.1	7.6	12.9	6.0	3.9
Saxony	26.9	10.5	27.0	8.2	16.1	4.6	6.7
Saxony-Anhalt	30.3	15.2	19.6	7.8	17.8	3.7	5.7
Schleswig-Holstein	34.0	23.3	8.2	12.6	7.3	12.0	2.7
Thuringia	28.8	13.2	22.7	7.8	16.9	4.1	6.5

Constituency seats

State	Total
seats	Seats won	CDU	SPD	CSU	Linke	AfD	Grüne	Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};"	Social Democratic Party of Germany}};"	Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};"	The Left (Germany)}};"	Alternative for Germany}};"	Alliance 90/The Greens}};"	Baden-Württemberg	38	Bavaria	46	Berlin	12	Brandenburg	10	Bremen	2	Hamburg	6	Hesse	22	Lower Saxony	30	Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	6	North Rhine-Westphalia	64	Rhineland-Palatinate	15	Saarland	4	Saxony	16	Saxony-Anhalt	9	Schleswig-Holstein	11	Thuringia	8	Total	299	185	59	46	5	3	1
38
		46
4	3		4		1
9	1
	2
1	5
17	5
16	14
6
38	26
14	1
3	1
12			1	3
9
10	1
8

List seats

State	Total
seats	Seats won	SPD	AfD	FDP	Grüne	Linke	CDU	Social Democratic Party of Germany}};"	Alternative for Germany}};"	Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};"	Alliance 90}};"	The Left (Germany)}};"	Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};"	Baden-Württemberg	58	Bavaria	62	Berlin	16	Brandenburg	15	Bremen	4	Hamburg	10	Hesse	28	Lower Saxony	36	Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	10	North Rhine-Westphalia	78	Rhineland-Palatinate	22	Saarland	6	Saxony	22	Saxony-Anhalt	14	Schleswig-Holstein	15	Thuringia	14	Total	410	94	91	80	66	64	15
16	11	12	13	6
18	14	12	11	7
2	4	3	3	2	2
3	5	2	1	4
	1		1	1	1
	1	2	2	2	3
7	6	6	5	4
6	7	7	6	5	5
2	3	1	1	3
15	15	20	12	12	4
8	4	4	3	3
2	1	1	1	1
4	8	3	2	5
3	4	2	1	4
5	2	3	3	2
3	5	2	1	3

Constitution of the 19th Bundestag

The father of the house of the 19th Bundestag, Hermann Otto Solms

On 24 October 2017 the 19th Bundestag held its opening session, during which the Bundestag-members elected the Presidium of the Bundestag, i.e. the President and the Vice Presidents of the Bundestag. By tradition the biggest parliamentary group (in this case the CDU/CSU-group) has the right to propose a candidate for President of the Bundestag and following the rules of order every group has the right to be represented by at least one Vice President in the presidium. However, the Bundestag may decide to elect additional Vice Presidents. Every member of the presidium had to be elected by an absolute majority of the members of the Bundestag (in this case 355 votes). Until the election of the President of the Bundestag, the father of the house, the member of parliament with the longest membership, presided over the opening session.

Since he had been a member of the Bundestag for 45 years (since 1972), Wolfgang Schäuble would have been the father of the house. However, since Schäuble was also a candidate for President of the Bundestag and would therefore likely have had to declare his own election, he refused the office. Hermann Otto Solms, who had been a member of the Bundestag for 33 years (1980–2013 and since 2017), stood in for him.
The CDU/CSU group proposed Wolfgang Schäuble to be President of the Bundestag. Schäuble was elected on the first ballot (501 yes votes, 173 no votes, 30 abstentions, 1 invalid vote).
The CDU/CSU group proposed Hans-Peter Friedrich to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Friedrich was elected on the first ballot (507 yes votes, 112 no votes, 82 abstentions, 2 invalid votes).
The SPD group proposed Thomas Oppermann to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Oppermann was elected on the first ballot (396 yes votes, 220 no votes, 81 abstentions, 6 invalid votes).
The AfD group proposed Albrecht Glaser to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. On 2 October 2017 the groups of the SPD, the FDP, The Left and Alliance 90/The Greens criticised the nomination because of controversial remarks about Islam and the basic right of religious freedom made by Glaser during the AfD's election campaign and asked the AfD group to nominate someone else to the post. The AfD group declined to accede to the request and nominate someone else. Glaser failed to get a majority on three ballots, although even a plurality would have been sufficient on the third (first ballot: 115 yes votes, 550 no votes, 26 abstentions, 12 invalid votes, second ballot: 123 yes votes, 549 no votes, 24 abstentions, 1 invalid vote, third ballot: 114 yes votes, 545 no votes, 26 abstentions).
The FDP group proposed Wolfgang Kubicki to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Kubicki was elected on the first ballot (489 yes votes, 100 no votes, 111 abstentions, 3 invalid votes).
The Left group proposed Petra Pau, who has held this position since 2006, to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Pau was elected on the first ballot (456 yes votes, 187 no votes, 54 abstentions, 6 invalid votes).
The Alliance 90/Greens group proposed Claudia Roth, who already held this position in the previous legislative session, to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Roth was elected on the first ballot (489 yes votes, 166 no votes, 45 abstentions, 3 invalid votes).

The AfD's seat in the Presidium has remained vacant since the first session. On 7 November 2018, the AfD-group nominated Mariana Harder-Kühnel to the post. Harder-Kühnel failed to secure a majority on the first ballot on 29 November 2018 (223 yes votes, 387 no votes, 44 abstentions), on the second ballot on 12 December 2018 (241 yes votes, 377 no votes, 41 abstentions), or on the third ballot on 4 April 2019 (199 yes votes, 423 no votes, 43 abstentions) On 9 April 2019, the AfD nominated Gerold Otten to the post; however, he has failed to secure a majority on the first ballot on 11 April 2019 (210 yes votes, 393 no votes, 31 abstentions), on the second ballot on 16 May 2019 (205 yes votes, 399 no votes, 26 abstentions), or on the third ballot on 6 June 2019 (211 yes votes, 426 no votes, 30 abstentions).

Government formation

Jamaica coalition

Main article: 2017 Jamaica coalition exploratory talks

The SPD's leader and Chancellor candidate Martin Schulz and other party leaders stated that the SPD would not continue the incumbent grand coalition government after unsatisfactory election results. Following the SPD's announcement that it would return to the opposition, the media speculated that incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel might need to form a Jamaica coalition (black-yellow-green) with the FDP and the Greens as that was the only viable coalition without the AfD or The Left, both of which had been ruled out by Merkel as coalition partners before the election. On 9 October 2017, Merkel officially announced that she would invite the Free Democrats and the Greens for talks about building a coalition government starting on 18 October 2017.

In the final days of the preliminary talks, the four parties had still failed to come to agreement on migration and climate issues. Preliminary talks between the parties collapsed on 20 November after the FDP withdrew, arguing that the talks had failed to produce a common vision or trust.

Grand coalition

After the collapse of these coalition talks, the German President appealed to the SPD to change their hard stance and to consider a grand coalition with the CDU/CSU. On 24 November, Schulz said he wanted party members to be polled on whether to form another grand coalition with CDU/CSU after a meeting with President Frank-Walter Steinmeier the day before. According to CDU deputy leader Julia Klöckner, talks were unlikely to begin until early 2018. On 6 December the SPD held a party congress in which a majority of the 600 party delegates voted to start preliminary coalition talks with the CDU/CSU. This decision was met with reluctance by the party's youth wing, which organised protests outside the convention hall. Martin Schulz's backing of the coalition talks was interpreted by media organisations as a U-turn, as he had previously ruled out considering a grand coalition.

On 12 January, the CDU/CSU and the SPD announced that they had reached a breakthrough in the preliminary talks and agreed upon an outline document to begin formal negotiations for the grand coalition. On 21 January, the SPD held an extraordinary party conference of 642 delegates in Bonn. The conference voted in favour of accepting the conclusion of preliminary talks and launching formal coalition negotiations with the CDU/CSU. The formal coalition talks finally began on 26 January.

On 7 February, the CDU/CSU and SPD announced that the final coalition agreement had been reached between the parties to form the next government. According to terms of the agreement, the SPD received six ministries in the new government including the finance, foreign affairs and labour portfolios while the CDU received five and the CSU three ministries. The agreement stipulated there would be rises in public spending, an increase in German financing of the EU and a slightly stricter stance taken towards immigration. SPD chairperson and Europe expert Martin Schulz was to step down as party leader and join the cabinet as foreign minister, despite having previously stated that he would not serve under a Merkel-led government. However, only days after these reports were published, Schulz renounced his plan to be foreign minister reacting on massive criticism by the party base. The complete text of the coalition agreement was published on 7 February. The coalition deal was subject to approval of the approximately 460,000 members of the SPD in a postal vote. The results of the vote were announced on 4 March. In summary, 66% of respondents voted in favour of the deal and 34% voted against it. Approximately 78% of the SPD membership responded to the postal vote. The result allowed the new government to take office immediately following Bundestag approval of Merkel's fourth term on 14 March 2018.

Notes

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(14 March 2018). "Bundestag reelects Merkel as chancellor". Politico Europe.

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