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2012 Hong Kong legislative election
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| Field | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| election_name | 2012 Hong Kong legislative election | ||
| country | Hong Kong | ||
| type | parliamentary | ||
| ongoing | no | ||
| previous_mps | List of Legislative Council of Hong Kong members elected in 2008 | ||
| previous_election | 2008 Hong Kong legislative election | ||
| previous_year | 2008 | ||
| next_election | 2016 Hong Kong legislative election | ||
| next_year | 2016 | ||
| elected_mps | members elected | ||
| seats_for_election | All 70 seats to the Legislative Council | ||
| majority_seats | 36 | ||
| election_date | 9 September 2012 | ||
| registered | 3,466,201 (GC) 2.79% | ||
| turnout | 1,838,722 (53.05%) 7.85pp | ||
| opinion_polls | Opinion polling for the Hong Kong legislative election, 2012 | ||
| image1 | [[File:Tam Yiu-chung.jpg | 150x150px | Tam Yiu-chung]] |
| leader1 | Tam Yiu-chung | ||
| party1 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong | ||
| alliance1 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| leaders_seat1 | New Territories West | ||
| last_election1 | 10 seats, 22.92% | ||
| seats1 | **13** | ||
| seat_change1 | 3 | ||
| popular_vote1 | **366,140** | ||
| percentage1 | **20.22%** | ||
| swing1 | 2.70pp | ||
| image3 | [[File:Albert Ho 2014 cut.jpg | 150x150px | Albert Ho]] |
| leader3 | Albert Ho | ||
| party3 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong) | ||
| alliance3 | Pan-democracy camp | ||
| leaders_seat3 | District Council (Second) | ||
| last_election3 | 8 seats, 20.63% | ||
| seats3 | 6 | ||
| seat_change3 | 2 | ||
| popular_vote3 | 247,220 | ||
| percentage3 | 13.65% | ||
| swing3 | 6.98pp | ||
| image2 | [[File:Alan Leong 2015.jpg | 150x150px | Alan Leong]] |
| leader2 | Alan Leong | ||
| party2 | Civic Party | ||
| alliance2 | Pan-democracy camp | ||
| leaders_seat2 | Kowloon East | ||
| last_election2 | 5 seats, 13.66% | ||
| seats2 | 6 | ||
| seat_change2 | 1 | ||
| popular_vote2 | 255,007 | ||
| percentage2 | 14.08% | ||
| swing2 | 0.42pp | ||
| image4 | [[File:Lam Suk-yee.jpg | 150x150px | Lam Shuk-yee]] |
| leader4 | Lam Shuk-yee | ||
| party4 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions | ||
| alliance4 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| leaders_seat4 | *Did not stand* | ||
| last_election4 | 4 seats, 5.70% | ||
| seats4 | 6 | ||
| seat_change4 | 2 | ||
| popular_vote4 | 127,857 | ||
| percentage4 | 7.06% | ||
| swing4 | 1.36pp | ||
| image8 | [[File:Andrew Leung 2017.jpg | 150x150px | Andrew Leung]] |
| leader8 | Andrew Leung | ||
| and others | |||
| party8 | Economic Synergy | ||
| alliance8 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| leaders_seat8 | Industrial (First) | ||
| last_election8 | *New party* | ||
| seats8 | 3 | ||
| seat_change8 | 1 | ||
| popular_vote8 | 5,717 | ||
| percentage8 | 0.32% | ||
| swing8 | N/A | ||
| image5 | [[File:Miriam Lau Kin Yee.jpg | 150x150px | Miriam Lau]] |
| leader5 | Miriam Lau | ||
| party5 | Liberal Party (Hong Kong) | ||
| alliance5 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| leaders_seat5 | Hong Kong Island | ||
| *(defeated)* | |||
| last_election5 | 7 seats, 4.33% | ||
| seat_change5 | 2 | ||
| seats5 | 5 | ||
| popular_vote5 | 48,702 | ||
| percentage5 | 2.64% | ||
| swing5 | 1.64pp | ||
| image6 | [[File:Lee Cheuk-yan 2016.jpg | 150x150px | Lee Cheuk-yan]] |
| leader6 | Lee Cheuk-yan | ||
| party6 | Labour Party (Hong Kong) | ||
| alliance6 | Pan-democracy camp | ||
| leaders_seat6 | New Territories West | ||
| last_election6 | *New party* | ||
| seat_change6 | 1 | ||
| seats6 | 4 | ||
| popular_vote6 | 112,140 | ||
| percentage6 | 6.19% | ||
| swing6 | N/A | ||
| image7 | [[File:Christopher Lau 2016.jpg | 150x150px | Christopher Lau]] |
| leader7 | Christopher Lau | ||
| party7 | People Power (Hong Kong) | ||
| alliance7 | Pan-democracy camp | ||
| leaders_seat7 | Hong Kong Island | ||
| *(defeated)* | |||
| last_election7 | *New party* | ||
| seats7 | 3 | ||
| seat_change7 | 1 | ||
| popular_vote7 | 176,250 | ||
| percentage7 | 9.73% | ||
| swing7 | N/A | ||
| image9 | [[File:Regina Ip 2016.jpg | 150x150px | Regina Ip]] |
| leader9 | Regina Ip | ||
| party9 | New People's Party (Hong Kong) | ||
| alliance9 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| leaders_seat9 | Hong Kong Island | ||
| last_election9 | *New party* | ||
| seats9 | 2 | ||
| seat_change9 | 1 | ||
| popular_vote9 | 68,097 | ||
| percentage9 | 3.76% | ||
| swing9 | N/A | ||
| map | [[File:LegCoElection2012.svg | 400px]] | |
| title | Party control | ||
| before_election | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| posttitle | Party control after election | ||
| after_election | Pro-Beijing camp |
and others (defeated) (defeated) The 2012 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 9 September 2012 for the 5th Legislative Council (LegCo) since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The election was for the new total of 70 seats in LegCo, ten more than previously, with 35 members elected in geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 35 members in functional constituencies. Under new arrangements agreed in a contentious LegCo vote in 2010, five District Council (Second) functional constituency seats each represent all 18 District Councils of Hong Kong voted for by all resident voters in Hong Kong (who did not have a vote in any other functional constituency), effectively increasing the number of seats elected with universal suffrage to 40.
The pro-Beijing camp scored a major success, maintaining its dominance in the functional constituencies and winning 17 of the 35, nearly half, of the geographical constituency seats, which were considered to be the stronghold of the pan-democracy camp. The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), the flagship Beijing-loyalist party, won 13 seats in total, more than double the tally of either the pro-democracy Democratic Party or Civic Party, or of its sister organisation, the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU), which each won six seats.
The Democratic Party, the flagship pro-democracy party, suffered the worst defeat since its creation in 1994, winning only six seats and lost all its seats in the New Territories West, while the radical democrats League of Social Democrats and the newly formed People Power doubled their total votes. Despite the addition of five new geographical constituency seats, the pan-democrats won one seat fewer than in the 2008 election; infighting within the camp was blamed. The Civic Party failed in their election strategy as two of their incumbents, Audrey Eu and Tanya Chan, placed second on the lists in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West both received over 70,000 votes, far more than other lists, but still unable to get re-elected.
The pro-business Liberal Party's chairwoman Miriam Lau failed to gain a seat in Hong Kong Island, winning the least seats in party history although James Tien regained his seat in New Territories East. Both Miriam Lau from the Liberals and Albert Ho from the Democrats resigned their seats as chairs after the defeat.
The pan-democracy and pro-Beijing camps both placed three lists in contest of the five new District Council (Second) functional constituency seats. Three of them went to the Democrats, Albert Ho and James To and Frederick Fung from the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL). The Beijing-loyalists could only win two seats with FTU's Chan Yuen-han and DAB's Starry Lee each getting one seat. Veteran Lau Kong-wah became the only DAB candidate who was placed first on a candidate list but lost in the election.
Eligibility
Right to vote
As at 9 September 2012, a person has the right to vote in a Legislative Council election if he/she fulfils all of the below criteria :
- Hong Kong permanent resident (regardless of nationality),
- ordinarily resides in Hong Kong,
- holds a Hong Kong identity card or another identity document,
- has registered to vote on or before 16 May 2012,
- aged 18 or above on 25 July 2012,
- not a member of any armed forces nor found to be incapable under the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap. 136), by reason of mental incapacity, of managing and administering his/her property and affairs.
Right to stand
To stand as a candidate in a geographical constituency, a person must fulfil all of the below criteria:
- a Hong Kong permanent resident with Chinese citizenship,
- does not have any foreign citizenship nor the right of abode in any country outside China,
- aged 21 or above on the date of nomination,
- a registered voter on the date of nomination,
- has ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for the 3 years immediately preceding the date of nomination,
- not a member of any national, regional or municipal legislature, assembly or council of any place outside Hong Kong, other than a people's congress or people's consultative body of the People's Republic of China, whether established at the national or local level,
- not a member of any armed forces nor found to be incapable under the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap. 136), by reason of mental incapacity, of managing and administering his/her property and affairs,
- submits a nomination form to the returning officer on or before 31 July 2012.
New structure of the Legislative Council
Main article: Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012
Geographical constituencies
Under the constitutional reform package passed in 2010, this election saw LegCo increase its total size from 60 seats to 70 seats, half of which are geographical constituencies (GCs) and half functional constituencies (FCs). The GC seats are returned by universal suffrage, with the Kowloon West constituency once again returning five seats, while the Hong Kong Island, Kowloon East, and New Territories West constituencies each gain one new seat and New Territories East, the second largest constituency, gaining two extra seats. The election uses a system of party-list proportional representation, with seats allocated by the largest remainder method using the Hare quota as the quota for election.
| Geographical constituencies | No. of seats | 2008 | 2012 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong Island | 6 | 7 | +1 | |
| Kowloon West | 5 | 5 | ±0 | |
| Kowloon East | 4 | 5 | +1 | |
| New Territories West | 8 | 9 | +1 | |
| New Territories East | 7 | 9 | +2 | |
| **Total** | 30 | 35 | +5 |
Functional constituencies
While the electoral methods in the 30 'traditional' FC seats remain unchanged, the five new seats form a new constituency called the District Council, for which candidates may be nominated by the District councillors and are elected by all registered voters who are not in any 'traditional' FC, creating the largest constituency with a total of more than 3.2 million eligible electors. The vote counting system used is the same as that in the GCs: the party-list proportional representation with the largest remainder method and Hare quota.
Retiring incumbents
Thirteen incumbents chose not to run for re-election. Paul Chan's Accountancy seat was vacant since 29 July 2012 and Chim Pui-chung withdrew his nomination on 27 July 2012.
| Constituency | Departing incumbents | Party |
|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong Island | Kam Nai-wai | |
| Kowloon East | Fred Li Wah-ming | |
| New Territories West | Cheung Hok-ming | |
| New Territories East | Andrew Cheng Kar-foo | |
| Agriculture and Fisheries | Wong Yung-kan | |
| Legal | Margaret Ng Ngoi-yee | |
| Accountancy | Paul Chan Mo-po | |
| Labour | Li Fung-ying | |
| Commercial (Second) | Philip Wong Yu-hong | |
| Finance | David Li Kwok-po | |
| Financial Services | Chim Pui-chung | |
| Sports, Performing Arts, | ||
| Culture and Publication | Timothy Fok Tsun-ting | |
| Textiles and Garment | Sophie Leung Lau Yau-fun |
Pre-election issues
New leadership under Leung Chun-ying
As Leung Chun-ying sworn in on 1 July, he sought a foothold in the Legislative Council against his defeated rival, Henry Tang. The Tang supporter for the Financial Services functional constituency, Chim Pui-chung, decided to withdraw his nomination for re-election on 27 July, while Christopher Cheung Wah-fung, who voted for CY Leung and was also a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, decided to run in the constituency.
Other Leung's supporters including Martin Liao Cheung-kong, Ng Leung-sing and Ma Fung-kwok also ran in other functional constituencies, replacing the original pro-Tang legislators Philip Wong, David Li and Timothy Fok.
On the day CY Leung assumed the Chief Executive, there were about 400,000 participants in the July 1 marches, the biggest anti-government rally in recent history.
Moral and National Education controversy
Moral and civic education was one of the four key tasks in the 2001 curriculum reform undertaken by the Education and Manpower Bureau (superseded by the Education Bureau in 2007), and its framework was revised by the Education Bureau in 2008. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsang stated in the "Policy Address 2010–2011" that moral and national education would replace MCE to "strengthen national education". The government planned to introduce the new subject in primary schools in 2012 and secondary schools in 2013.
In July 2012, the "Civil Alliance Against the National Education" (民間反對國民教育科大聯盟) was formed. On 29 July 2012, 30 organisations protested in a march. According to the organisers, more than 90,000 protesters, including many parents with their children, participated in the march.
Members of the student activist group Scholarism (學民思潮) began their occupation of the Hong Kong government headquarters on 30 August 2012. Fifty members occupied the public park beneath the government offices, of which three began a hunger strike. The goal of the protest was, expressly, to force the government to retract its plans to introduce Moral and National Education as a compulsory subject. The initial planned length of the occupation was three days. On 3 September 2012 the Civil Alliance Against National Education announced that they would continue their occupation of the government headquarters indefinitely. On 7 September, up to 120,000 people attended a demonstration outside the government headquarters; police said there were 36,000 attendees at 9:30 pm.Shirley Zhao (8 September 2012), "Record-high turnout for anti-national education protests". Time Out
Following opposition from the public, the government postponed the commencement of the subject by introducing a three-year trial run period, such that the schools were allowed to commence the latest in 2015.
Opinion polling
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2012 Hong Kong legislative election
Results
The election was marked with the record of 287 candidates. 67 lists with a total of 216 candidates contested the 35 geographical constituencies, while 53 candidates contested in the traditional functional constituencies, in which 16 of them returned to LegCo uncontested.
The largest pro-democracy party, the Democratic Party, suffered the largest defeat since its creation in 1994, while the radical democrats League of Social Democrats and the newly formed People Power doubled their votes. Despite the addition of five new geographical constituency seats, the pan-democrats won one seat fewer than in the 2008 poll; infighting within the camp was blamed. Audrey Eu and Tanya Chan, the incumbent Civic Party legislators, placed second on the lists in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West both received over 70,000 votes, far more than other lists, but still were not re-elected. (see 2012 Hong Kong legislative election in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West)
The Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong remained the largest party, winning 13 seats in total. All the lists in the geographical constituencies were elected as they split their candidates into several lists to avoid wasting votes under the largest remainder method. Christopher Chung revealed the DAB, of which he is a member, had secretly engaged in illegally allocating votes with the FTU based on the results of the party's own exit polling results; he said that both he and Jasper Tsang switched over to campaigning for the Wong Kwok-hing of the FTU at around 6 pm, after the DAB had reached their quota of vote.
Following the election, Albert Ho, resigned as leader of the Democratic Party, citing failure to present a united front for the pan-democratic camp, failure to retain seats from the previous elections, and infighting between pro-democracy parties. Miriam Lau, the leader of the Liberal Party, also resigned as leader, citing her failure to win a seat in this election and a need for new leadership in the party.
Nine of the 16 uncontested functional constituency seats went to the Liberal Party, Economic Synergy and nonpartisan Lam Tai-fai from the "Tang camp", who are mostly the business and commercial sectors.
Leung's supporters took several seats in the functional constituencies. Pro-Leung Lo Wai-kwok defeated incumbent Raymond Ho Chung-tai who nominated Henry Tang in the CE election and pro-democrat Albert Lai in the Engineering sector. In Tourism, Architectural, Surveying and Planning and Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication constituencies, Yiu Si-wing, Tony Tse Wai-chuen and Ma Fung-kwok were also elected. Leung's backers Ng Leung-sing and Martin Liao Cheung-kong won seats unopposed to the finance and Commercial (Second) functional constituencies respectively.
The acting president of the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union Ip Kin-yuen and Civic Party Dennis Kwok retained their seats in the traditionally pro-democracy Education and Legal sectors. Cheung Kwok-che of the Labour Party and nonpartisan Joseph Lee Kok-long also secured their seats in the Social Welfare and Health Services constituencies. In addition, the pan democrats gained two more seats in Information Technology and Accountancy with newcomers Charles Mok and Kenneth Leung.
The pan-democrats won three out of five seats in the new District Council (Second) functional constituency with Albert Ho and James To from the Democratic Party and Frederick Fung from the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood. The Beijing loyalists could only won two seats with Chan Yuen-han of Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and Starry Lee of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) each got one seat. Veteran Lau Kong-wah became the only DAB candidate who was placed first on a candidate list but lost in the election (see 2012 Hong Kong legislative election in District Council).
Election results overall
Before election:
| **Pro-democracy** | **Pro-Beijing** |
|---|
Change in composition:
| **Pro-democracy** | **Pro-Beijing** |
|---|
|- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable" width="4" rowspan=2| ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable" rowspan=2| ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan=2|Political affiliation
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=4 |Geographical Constituencies ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=4 |Traditional Functional Constituencies ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=3 |District Council (Second) FC ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2|Total seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2|±
|- ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |%
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±pp
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |Seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |%
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±pp
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |Seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |%
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" data-sort-type="number" |Seats
|- | Note: the votes gained by Lau Kong-wah who represents both DAB and Civil Force banner is counted into DAB in this table. | 366,140 || 20.22 || 2.70 || 9 || 105 || 0.07 || 0.14 || 3 || 476,875 || 29.96 || 1 || 13 || 3 |- | | 127,857 || 7.06 || 1.36 || 3 || - || - || - || 2 || 246,196 || 15.47 || 1 || 6 || 2 |- | | 48,702 || 2.69 || 1.64 || 1 || 1,076 || 0.76 || 2.58 || 4 || - || - || - || 5 || 2 |- | | 5,717 || 0.32 || N/A || 0 || - || - || - || 3 || - || - || - || 3 || 1 |- | | 68,097 || 3.76 || N/A || 2 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 2 || 1 |- | | 34,548 || 1.91 || N/A || 1 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 0 |- | | - || - || - || - || 1,106 || 0.78 || N/A || 1 || - || - || - || 1 || 1 |- | | - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || - || - || - || 1 || 0 |- | Note: the votes gained by Scarlett Pong who represents both Civil Force and New Century Forum is counted into Civil Force in this table. | 23,988 || 1.32 || N/A || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 0 || 0 |- | 16,767 || 0.93 || N/A || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 0 || 0 |- | 80,671 || 4.45 || - || 1 || 44,529|| 31.36 || N/A || 10 || 61,321 || 3.85 || 0 || 11 || 2 |-class="sortbottom" style="background-color:Pink" | ** 772,487** || 42.66 || 2.91 || 17 || 46,816 || 32.97 || 1.91 || 24 || 784,392 || 49.28 || 2 || 43 || 6 |- | | 255,007 || 14.08 || 0.42 || 5 || 4,480 || 3.15 || 4.36 || 1 || - || - || - || 6 || 1 |- | | 247,220 || 13.65 || 6.98 || 4 || 1,464 || 1.03 || 1.80 || 0 || 545,308 || 34.26 || 2 || 6 || 2 |- | | 112,140 || 6.19 || N/A || 3 || 9,078 || 6.39 || N/A || 1 || - || - || - || 4 || 1 |- | | 176,250 || 9.73 || N/A || 3 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 3 || 1 |- | | 87,997 || 4.86 || 5.26 || 1 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 0 |- | | 43,799 || 2.42 || 0.38 || 1 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 0 |- | | 30,634 || 1.69 || 1.10|| 0 || - || - || - || - || 262,172 || 16.47 || 1 || 1 || 0 |- | | 28,621 || 1.58 || N/A || 1 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 1 |- | | - || - || - || - || 46,535 || 32.77 || 1.80 || 1 || - || - || - || 1 || 0 |- | | 2,896 || 0.16 || N/A || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 0 || 0 |- | 33,988 || 1.87 || - || 0 || 26,892 || 18.94 || N/A || 3 || - || - || - || 3 || - |-class="sortbottom" style="background-color:LightGreen" | 1,018,552 || 56.24 || 3.26 || 18 || 88,449 || 62.28 || 1.66 || 6 || 807,480 || 50.73 || 3 || 27 || 4 |-style="background-color:#E9E9E9" || || || style="text-align:left;" | Non-aligned others | 19,945 || 1.10 || - || 0 || 2,205 || 1.55 || 6.77 || 0 || - || - || 0 || 0 || - |- class="sortbottom" |- class="sortbottom" |- class="sortbottom" |- class="sortbottom" |- class="sortbottom" |- class="sortbottom" |}
Election results by Geographical Constituency
| Constituency | Elected members | |
|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong Island | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}} | |
| Kowloon West | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}} | |
| Kowloon East | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}} | |
| New Territories West | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}} | |
| New Territories East | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}} |
Votes gained by each party by districts
| District | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro-Beijing | Pan-democrats | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong}}" | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}" | New People's Party (Hong Kong)}}" | Liberal Party (Hong Kong)}}" | Oth. | Total | Civic Party}}" | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}" | People Power (Hong Kong)}}" | Labour Party (Hong Kong)}}" | League of Social Democrats}}" | Oth. | Total | DAB | FTU | NPP | LP | Civic | DP | PP | Lab | LSD | |||||||||
| Central and Western | 22.75 | 9.06 | 9.06 | 5.60 | 0.57 | 44.18 | 21.85 | 13.80 | 4.96 | 9.39 | 0.85 | 4.75 | 55.60 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Wan Chai | 21.80 | 5.02 | 10.94 | 6.79 | 0.57 | 45.11 | 23.11 | 12.22 | 5.11 | 8.84 | 0.73 | 4.79 | 54.81 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Eastern | 20.78 | 9.38 | 8.66 | 5.40 | 1.24 | 45.46 | 21.26 | 11.19 | 5.85 | 9.79 | 1.05 | 5.82 | 54.42 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Southern | 21.14 | 8.63 | 9.64 | 4.41 | 0.50 | 44.32 | 20.21 | 13.60 | 5.91 | 9.32 | 0.93 | 5.60 | 55.57 | |||||||||||||||||||
| **Hong Kong Island** | **21.29** | **8.26** | **9.16** | **5.35** | **0.90** | **44.96** | **21.31** | **12.26** | **5.64** | **9.53** | **0.96** | **5.21** | **54.91** | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yau Tsim Mong | 22.71 | – | – | – | 16.08 | 38.78 | 17.96 | 18.10 | 16.75 | – | – | 7.89 | 60.69 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sham Shui Po | 19.12 | – | – | – | 14.40 | 33.53 | 14.88 | 11.90 | 16.68 | – | – | 22.68 | 66.12 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kowloon City | 20.20 | – | – | – | 18.88 | 39.08 | 16.76 | 17.49 | 16.49 | – | – | 9.89 | 60.63 | |||||||||||||||||||
| ** Kowloon West** | **20.41** | **-** | **-** | **-** | **16.50** | **36.91** | **16.34** | **15.52** | **16.62** | **-** | **-** | **13.20** | **62.72** | |||||||||||||||||||
| Wong Tai Sin | 13.37 | 16.97 | – | – | 11.59 | 41.92 | 14.06 | 17.52 | 12.91 | – | 9.96 | 2.51 | 56.97 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kwun Tong | 19.04 | 12.42 | – | – | 14.95 | 46.41 | 15.05 | 13.80 | 12.82 | – | 9.29 | 1.47 | 52.42 | |||||||||||||||||||
| **Kowloon East** | **16.65** | **14.34** | **-** | **-** | **13.54** | **44.52** | **14.63** | **15.37** | **12.86** | **-** | **9.57** | **1.91** | **54.33** | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tsuen Wan | 23.20 | 5.04 | 11.75 | – | 1.92 | 41.91 | 20.43 | 10.03 | 8.72 | 5.92 | 1.56 | 8.90 | 55.55 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tuen Mun | 22.63 | 7.78 | 6.43 | – | 5.66 | 42.50 | 14.36 | 13.65 | 9.47 | 9.18 | 1.98 | 6.50 | 55.15 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yuen Long | 25.84 | 5.87 | 7.40 | – | 8.35 | 47.45 | 12.43 | 8.87 | 9.31 | 10.10 | 2.05 | 7.05 | 49.81 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kwai Tsing | 19.28 | 8.27 | 6.84 | – | 4.60 | 38.98 | 12.40 | 14.38 | 8.09 | 7.22 | 1.80 | 15.14 | 59.02 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Islands | 25.40 | 9.26 | 5.59 | – | 6.38 | 46.64 | 17.46 | 9.47 | 8.77 | 6.42 | 1.61 | 6.96 | 50.69 | |||||||||||||||||||
| **New Territories West** | **22.83** | **7.07** | **7.58** | **-** | **5.53** | **43.01** | **14.48** | **11.77** | **8.90** | **8.22** | **1.86** | **9.36** | **54.58** | |||||||||||||||||||
| North | 26.13 | 5.87 | – | 8.22 | 4.02 | 44.24 | 4.58 | 17.21 | 8.82 | 8.36 | 11.17 | 4.86 | 55.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tai Po | 21.10 | 5.07 | – | 6.56 | 7.39 | 40.11 | 7.20 | 12.58 | 9.19 | 9.32 | 10.62 | 10.37 | 59.27 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sai Kung | 15.72 | 5.39 | – | 4.80 | 19.57 | 45.49 | 6.92 | 12.40 | 7.34 | 6.46 | 9.60 | 11.25 | 53.97 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sha Tin | 16.54 | 5.02 | – | 7.23 | 11.86 | 40.64 | 8.08 | 15.92 | 8.01 | 9.54 | 10.46 | 6.46 | 58.47 | |||||||||||||||||||
| **New Territories East** | **18.75** | **5.26** | **-** | **6.67** | **11.68** | **42.36** | **7.05** | **14.67** | **8.19** | **8.53** | **10.39** | **8.08** | **56.90** | |||||||||||||||||||
| ***Total*** | **20.22** | **7.06** | **3.76** | **2.69** | **8.93** | **42.66** | **14.08** | **13.65** | **9.73** | **6.19** | **4.86** | **7.90** | **56.24** |
File:2012 LegCo Winning Margins.svg|Popular votes by District Council constituency. Red represents Pro-Beijing camp gained most votes and green the Pro-democracy camp. Pro-Beijing remained stronghold in the rural areas in Ha Tsuen, Pat Heung, Sai Kung District, Sha Tau Kok, Ta Kwu Ling and Lamma Island. Some urban areas in Mid-Levels, North Point, Chai Wan, Wong Tai Sin, Sau Mau Ping, Yau Tong and Shek Wai Kok showed more support for the Pro-Beijing camp. Pro-democracy camp grabbed majority of the votes in the rest areas. File:2012HKLegCoDemBJSwing.svg|The election showed large swings in Mid-Levels areas in Hong Kong Island and New Territories West, particularly in Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun, Kwai Tsing, Tin Shui Wai, and Tseung Kwan O in New Territories East, but the rural areas as well as urban areas in Sheung Shui, Tai Po, Sha Tin and Wong Tai Sin showed a small swing back to the pro-democrats. File:2012LegCoElectionResultbyDC.svg|Results of the 2012 LegCo election geographical constituencies: the party with most votes in each District Council Constituency. File:2012LegCoElectionDC2ndResult.svg|Results of the 2012 LegCo election District Council (second) functional constituency.
Votes summary
Seats summary
Incumbents defeated
Twelve incumbents were not re-elected.
| Party | Name | Constituency | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Civic Party}} | Civic | Tanya Chan | Hong Kong Island | |
| Audrey Eu Yuet-mee | New Territories West | placed second of the list; running for Hong Kong Island in the last election | ||
| Lau Kong-wah | District Council (Second) | running for New Territories East in the last election | ||
| Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}} | Democratic | Cheung Man-kwong | Kowloon West | |
| Lee Wing-tat | New Territories West | |||
| Wong Sing-chi | New Territories East | |||
| Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}} | FTU | Pan Pey-chyou | Hong Kong Island | |
| Ip Wai-ming | New Territories East | running for Labour constituency in the last election | ||
| Miriam Lau Kin-yee | Hong Kong Island | running for Transport constituency in the last election | ||
| Professional Forum}} | Professional Forum | Raymond Ho Chung-tai | Engineering | |
| Patrick Lau Sau-shing | Architectural, Surveying and Planning | |||
| Samson Tam Wai-ho | Information Technology |
Candidates lists and results
Geographical Constituencies (35 seats)
Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota.
| List № | Party/Allegiance | Candidate(s) won | Not elected | Votes | Votes % | Seat(s) won |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ching-on | 2,980 | 0.90 | Nonpartisan politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 2 | Chung-kai | Sum, Man-hon, Lai-king, Suk-ching, Chi-fung | 40,558 | 12.26 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 3 | Wing-lok | 16,900 | 5.11 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 4 | Christopher Gar-hung, Yeuk-yuen, Jeff Ying-kit | 18,667 | 5.64 | People Power (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 5 | Christopher Shu-kun | Eddie Kong-ho, Jennifer Kit-bing, Pak-cheung, Chun-lim, Kenny Kwun-yee, Chi-sing | 33,901 | 10.25 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 6 | Wing-chun | 422 | 0.13 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 7 | Cyd Sau-lan | Sze-lut, Chung-fai | 31,523 | 9.53 | Labour Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 8 | Regina Suk-yee | Chor-fung, Tsz-kei | 30,289 | 9.16 | New People's Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 9 | Kwok-hing | Pey-chyou, Ting-lok, Stanley Ngai-kam, Chi-hang | 27,336 | 8.26 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 10 | Ka-lok | Tanya | 70,475 | 21.31 | Civic Party}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 11 | Kar-tai | 343 | 0.10 | Nonpartisan politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 12 | Jasper Yok-sing | 36,517 | 11.04 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 13 | Miriam Kin-yee, Ka-fai, "Micheal" Chun-keung | 17,686 | 5.35 | Liberal Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 14 | Avery Man-yuen | 3,169 | 0.96 | League of Social Democrats}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| '*TOTAL *(Quota: 47,252 votes, 14.29%)''''' | **330,766** | **100.0** | **7** |
| - style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:bottom;" |
|---|
| List № | Party/Allegiance | Candidate(s) won | Not elected | Votes | Votes % | Seat(s) won |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yee-him | 3,746 | 1.61 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 2 | "Helena" Pik-wan | Man-kwong, Yiu-kee, Hoi-man, "Michelle" Miu-sheung | 36,029 | 15.52 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 3 | Kwok-kiu, Sing-lee, Rosanda Ka-han, Chi-yung, Austen Po-shan | 30,364 | 13.2 | Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 4 | Independent democrat | Yat-yuk | 2,399 | 1.03 | ||
| 5 | "Ann" Lai-wan | Chris Ngo-tung, Vincent Wing-shun, Wai-ming, "Sam" Sum-lim | 47,363 | 20.41 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 6 | Yuk-man | Tat-ming, Tsun-kiu, Tit-wai | 38,578 | 16.62 | People Power (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 7 | Awakening Association | Yi-lai, Simon Ka-kuen, Wing-ho, Ka-wai | 859 | 0.37 | ||
| 8 | Mei-fun | Wing-kit, Hoi-ying, Man-kwong | 34,548 | 14.89 | Kowloon West New Dynamic}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 9 | Claudia Man-ching | Joe Tak-chuen | 37,925 | 16.34 | Civic Party}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| '*TOTAL *(Quota: 46,416 votes, 20.00%)''''' | **232,081** | **100.0** | **5** |
| - style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:bottom;" |
|---|
| List № | Party/Allegiance | Candidate(s) won | Not elected | Votes | Votes % | Seat(s) won |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alan Kah-kit | Jeremy Jansen Man-ho | 41,669 | 14.63 | Civic Party}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 2 | Kwok-kin | Ming-tung, Kin-wing, Kai-ming | 40,824 | 14.34 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 3 | Andrew Kwan-hang | 27,253 | 9.57 | League of Social Democrats}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 4 | Kay Fung-chi, Heung-yin | 3,263 | 1.15 | Nonpartisan politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 5 | Chi-wai | Kin-shing, Ka-ming | 43,764 | 15.37 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 6 | Kam-lam | Joe Wing-ho, Kam-in, Wilson Chong-shing | 47,415 | 16.65 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 7 | Paul Wai-chun | 38,546 | 13.54 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 8 | Yeung-tat, Sau-wai | 36,608 | 12.85 | People Power (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 9 | Heung-man | 5,440 | 1.91 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| '*TOTAL *(Quota: 56,956 votes, 20.00%)''''' | ** 284,782 ** | **100.0** | **5** |
| - style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:bottom;" |
|---|
| List № | Party/Allegiance | Candidate(s) won | Not elected | Votes | Votes % | Seat(s) won |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Che-cheung | Hin-keung, Kin, Christina Maisenne , Wai-ling, Kwan-siu | 33,777 | 6.79 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 2 | Alice Mei-kuen | "Michael" Chung-hung, Manwell , Siu-yuen, Cheuk-him | 35,239 | 7.07 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 3 | Josephine Shu-ying, Zachary Wai-yin, Hung-por, Catherine Lai-sheung, Hang-mui | 25,892 | 5.20 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 4 | Albert Wai-yip | Jacqueline So-ling, Raymond , Wing-chi | 44,355 | 8.91 | People Power (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 5 | Ip-sing | 2,896 | 0.58 | |||
| 6 | Kin-shing | 9,280 | 1.86 | League of Social Democrats}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 7 | Ka-ki | Audrey Yuet-mee | 72,185 | 14.49 | Civic Party}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 8 | Michael Puk-sun | Clarice Wai-ching, "Legward" Cheuk-kin, Kin-cheong | 37,808 | 7.58 | New People's Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 9 | "Junius" Kwan-yiu | 10,805 | 2.17 | Nonpartisan politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 10 | Yut-wah | 11,997 | 2.41 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 11 | Yiu-chung | Yun-tat | 42,799 | 8.78 | Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 12 | /NTAS | Han-pan | Chi-shing, Nixie Lam, Chun-chung, Kwan, Kar-ming, Tai | 36,555 | 7.33 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" |
| 13 | Third Force | Keung, Yin-wah, Ka-man, Ping-tim, Ka-leung, Nancy Siu-ping, Raju | 16,767 | 3.37 | ||
| 14 | Wing-tat, Lap-chi, King-wai | 32,792 | 6.58 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 15 | Cheuk-yan | Chun-yin | 40,967 | 8.22 | Labour Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 16 | Yiu-chung | Shui-hing, Man-pan, Shing-fung | 43,496 | 8.72 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| '*TOTAL *(Quota: 55,401 votes, 11.11%)''''' | **498,610** | **100.0** | **9** |
| - style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:bottom;" |
|---|
| List № | Party/Allegiance | Candidate(s) won | Not elected | Votes | Votes % | Seat(s) won |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kwok-hung | 48,295 | 10.39 | League of Social Democrats}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 2 | Wai-ming, Wang-to, Ngon-lai, Siu-kei, Kent King-chung, Kwok-wo | 24,458 | 5.26 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 3 | Emily Wai-hing | Ricky Yiu-lam, Frankie Siu-ching, Wing-yin | 37,039 | 7.97 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 4 | Angel On-kay | 1,077 | 0.23 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 5 | /New Forum | Scarlett Oi-lan, Lanny , Kwong-keung, Kwok-tim, Chun-man, Chung-yan, Victor Ka-fai, Man-kuen, Wing-cheong | 23,988 | 5.16 | Civil Force}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 6 | Elizabeth | Yuen-tung, Sai-wing, Philip Ka-leung, Kin-lei, Lai-mei, Ping-fan | 46,139 | 9.93 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 7 | /Frontier | Ray Chi-chuen | Erica Mi-ming | 38,042 | 8.19 | People Power (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" |
| 8 | Wing-kwong, Po-chun, Cho-leung, Shu-wan, Wai-lun, Kwok-chu, Chen-fai, Kwong-wing, Shui-sang | 5,717 | 1.23 | Economic Synergy}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 9 | Hak-kan | Kwok-fan, Pik-kiu, Wai-leung, Clement Kin-man, Ming | 40,997 | 8.82 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 10 | Chiu-hung | Wing-kin | 39,650 | 8.53 | Labour Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 11 | Richard Yiu-cheong, Chun-wah, Yun-pui, Mei-na | 10,028 | 2.16 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 12 | Gary Kwok-wai | Kai-bong, Li, Wing-hung, Wing-yip, Man-chun, Kam-lun, Kwok-keung, Michael Ming-chau | 28,621 | 6.16 | Neo Democrats}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 13 | James Pei-chun | Selina Shuk-yee, Chi-wai, Kwok-wah | 31,016 | 6.67 | Liberal Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 14 | Sing-chi, Sai-yan | 21,118 | 4.54 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 15 | Ronny Ka-wah | Alvin Ngok-kiu | 32,753 | 7.05 | Civic Party}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |
| 16 | Raymond Man-kit | 2,875 | 0.62 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 17 | Yat-ming | 6,031 | 1.30 | Nonpartisan politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 18 | Christine Kwok-shan | 24,594 | 5.29 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 19 | Kwok-keung | 2,327 | 0.50 | Nonpartisan politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| '*TOTAL *(Quota: 51,638 votes, 11.11%)''''' | **464,745** | **100.0** | **9** |
|}
District Council (Second) Functional Constituency (5 seats)
Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota.
| List № | Party/Allegiance | Candidate(s) won | Not elected | Votes | Votes % | Seat(s) won | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 801 | "Albert" Chun-yan | Chun-yu, Siu-fai | 228,840 | 14.38 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 802 | James Kun-sun | Andrew Ka-yin, Nok-hin | 316,468 | 19.88 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong)}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 803 | Pamela Wan-kam | 61,321 | 3.85 | Independent politician}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | |||
| 804 | /Civil Force | Kong-wah | 199,732 | 12.55 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 805 | Frederick Kin-kee | Kam-shing | 262,172 | 16.47 | Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 806 | Starry Wai-king | Lin-cham, Hok-fung, Lap-wai, Man-yu | 277,143 | 17.41 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| 807 | Yuen-han | Dennis Tsz-wing, Yun-cheong | 246,196 | 15.47 | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px;" | ||
| '*TOTAL *(Quota: 318,374 votes, 20%)''''' | **1,591,872** | **100.0** | **5** |
|}
Other Functional Constituencies (30 seats)
Voting systems: Different voting systems apply to different functional constituencies, namely for the Heung Yee Kuk, Agriculture and Fisheries, Insurance and Transport, the preferential elimination system of voting; and for the remaining 24 FCs used the first-past-the-post voting system.
| Results of the Functional Constituencies (excluding District Council (Second)) | |
|---|---|
| Constituency | |
| **Heung Yee Kuk** | |
| **Agriculture and Fisheries** | |
| **Insurance** | |
| **Transport** | |
| **Education** | |
| **Legal** | |
| **Accountancy** | |
| **Medical** | |
| **Health Services** | |
| **Engineering** | |
| **Architectural, Surveying and Planning** | |
| **Labour** (3 seats) | |
| Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}" | |
| Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions}}" | |
| **Social Welfare** | |
| **Real Estate and Construction** | |
| **Tourism** | |
| **Commercial (First)** | |
| **Commercial (Second)** | |
| **Industrial (First)** | |
| **Industrial (Second)** | |
| **Finance** | |
| **Financial Services** | |
| **Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication** | |
| **Import and Export** | |
| **Textiles and Garment** | |
| **Wholesale and Retail** | |
| **Information Technology** | |
| **Catering** | |
| **District Council (First)** |
References
References
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- Maximiliano Herrera. "Electoral Calendar- world elections, US elections, presidential election, world parties". Mherrera.org.
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- "Archived copy".
- "Archived copy".
- "List of recommended geographical constituencies". Electoral Affairs Commission, Government of Hong Kong.
- (17 February 2012). "Voter registration arrangements for District Council (second) functional constituency". Government of Hong Kong.
- "Voter Registration Statistics". Government of Hong Kong.
- (2 August 2012). "Beijing loyalists set LegCo poll fight".
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- [http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/news/20120729/51025420 9萬人上街反洗腦 BB車撞吳克儉落台], [[Apple Daily]], 29 July 2012
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- 梁子健. (4 September 2012). "反國教大聯盟籌備罷課 香港特首回應：願對話 8000港人「鐵屋吶喊」". Sing Tao USA.
- (7 September 2012). "團 體 稱 12 萬 人 集 會 反 國 教 警 方 稱 3 萬 6 千". RTHK.
- (7 September 2012). "反國教集會大會宣布有十二萬人出席". Commercial Radio Hong Kong.
- [http://the-sun.on.cc/cnt/news/20120127/00407_065.html 教局跪低國民教育科推遲], ''[[The Sun (Hong Kong). The Sun]]'', 27 January 2012
- [http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201208/07/P201208070334.htm 287 validly nominated candidates for Legislative Council Election]
- (11 September 2012). "Pan democrats election setbacks blamed infighting". South China Morning Post.
- (11 September 2012). "Civic Party defends election strategy despite two big losses". South China Morning Post.
- (11 September 2012). "DAB fares best taking 13 seats thanks vote splitting tactic". South China Morning Post.
- "鍾樹根爆民建聯 靠票站調查配票 {{!".
- "TVB pearl newscast 10/9/2012".
- "2012 LegCo Election- Facts about the Election". Elections.gov.hk.
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