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2006 Ohio gubernatorial election

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2006 Ohio gubernatorial election

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FieldValue
election_name2006 Ohio gubernatorial election
countryOhio
typepresidential
ongoingno
previous_election2002 Ohio gubernatorial election
previous_year2002
next_election2010 Ohio gubernatorial election
next_year2010
election_dateNovember 7, 2006
image_sizex150px
image1File:Tedstrickland (cropped).JPG
nominee1**Ted Strickland**
party1Democratic Party (United States)
running_mate1**Lee Fisher**
popular_vote1**2,435,384**
percentage1**60.54%**
image2File:Ken Blackwell (12988180853) (cropped).jpg
nominee2Ken Blackwell
party2Republican Party (United States)
running_mate2Tom Raga
popular_vote21,474,285
percentage236.65%
map_image{{switcher
map_caption**Strickland:**
**Blackwell:**
titleGovernor
before_electionBob Taft
before_partyRepublican Party (United States)
after_electionTed Strickland
after_partyDemocratic Party (United States)

|[[File:2006 Ohio gubernatorial election results map by county.svg|210px]]|County results |[[File:2006 Ohio gubernatorial election results map by congressional district.svg|210px|]]|Congressional district results}} Blackwell:

The 2006 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 2006, and was a race for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Ohio. Incumbent Governor Bob Taft could not run for re-election, because Ohio governors are limited to two consecutive terms in office. The election was held concurrently with a U.S. Senate election. The general election for governor pitted Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell, the Republican nominee, against United States Congressman Ted Strickland of Ohio's 6th congressional district, the Democratic nominee. Their running mates were former Ohio Attorney General Lee Fisher on the Democratic ticket and State Representative Tom Raga on the Republican ticket.

In the end, the contest was not close, and Strickland captured more than 60% of the vote, giving him a solid 24-point margin of victory. Strickland was declared the winner right at 7:30 P.M. EST, when the polls closed in Ohio. Blackwell called Strickland and conceded defeat at 8:45 P.M. EST.

Strickland won most areas of the state. In particular, he trounced Blackwell in eastern Ohio, with Blackwell only carrying one county in this region (Holmes). Blackwell did well in the Cincinnati suburbs, although he only won Hamilton County, which encompasses the City of Cincinnati, by just about 2,000 votes. He did win some rural western counties as well, but Strickland defeated Blackwell in Cuyahoga County and Franklin County, home of Cleveland and Columbus respectively. Strickland also performed strongly in the Rust Belt area from Cleveland all the way to Toledo, as well as in the Akron-Youngstown Area.

This would turn out to be one of the most expensive gubernatorial elections in Ohio's history. As of , this is the last time that a Democrat was elected Governor of Ohio and the only time since 1986, as well as the first time that an African American (Blackwell) was the major party nominee for Governor of Ohio.

Historical background

National attention

As the election approached, there was increasing national attention on the Ohio gubernatorial election, focused largely on the ability of the Republican party to maintain control in Ohio. Results in Ohio in 2006 were regarded as a possible bellwether for the 2008 presidential election; Ohio was considered a crucial swing state, with 20 electoral votes. Since the Republican Party's inception in 1854, no Republican presidential candidate has ever been elected to office without the electoral votes of Ohio. In contrast, a Democratic candidate has won the national election without the support of Ohio eight times (1836, 1844, 1856, 1884, 1892, 1944, 1960, and 2020). Overall, Ohio's electoral votes have gone to the winner of the election 78% of the time.

Comedian and talk-show host Jon Stewart taped The Daily Show from October 30 to November 2, 2006, at the Roy Bowen Theater on the campus of Ohio State University. The series of episodes was entitled "Battlefield Ohio: The Daily Show's Midwest Midterm Midtacular" and was intended to bring further national attention to the election in Ohio. This was only the second time that the show had been filmed in a location other than New York City.

Ohio, Blackwell, and the 2004 election

Main article: 2004 United States election voting controversies

Ohio played a decisive role in the 2004 presidential election, as Ohio's electoral votes would have been sufficient to swing the election from George W. Bush to John Kerry had Kerry won in Ohio. Given the importance of the state, Blackwell's role in the conduct of the election was closely scrutinized. As Ohio Secretary of State, Blackwell was the state's chief elections officer. He was also an honorary co-chair for the Bush re-election campaign in Ohio and the most prominent backer of a ballot measure to ban same-sex marriage on the same ballot.

Leading up to the election Blackwell made a number of decisions about the election process, most of which placed additional restrictions on voting. Opponents argued that Blackwell's decisions would have the effect of suppressing turnout among vulnerable populations, most of whom would be expected to vote for Kerry in the presidential contest—and that Blackwell had a conflict of interest as a co-chair of Bush's re-election campaign. Supporters argued that the Secretary of State had always been a partisan political office and that there was nothing wrong with Blackwell having a preference in the presidential elections; they denied that Blackwell's decisions were designed to benefit Bush.

Reaction to Blackwell's conduct was so strong that a coalition of left-leaning organizations attempted to amend the Ohio Constitution to abolish the Secretary of State's oversight of elections, as part of a package of election reforms. The proposal was rejected by voters in November 2005. Dissatisfaction with Blackwell's involvement in the 2004 election apparently hurt him with Ohio's African-American community; according to exit polls, Blackwell received only 20% of the African-American vote in 2006. Exit polls showed that confidence in the election process among Ohio voters was even lower than voters in Florida, the state which produced an unprecedented five-week post-election fight in 2000. But among voters "very confident" that votes would be counted accurately, Blackwell actually led Strickland.

Republican control

Entering the 2006 campaign, Ohio had been dominated for a decade by Republicans. Republicans had held the governorship for sixteen years, occupied all statewide constitutional offices, and controlled both houses of the state legislature.

Important scandals

Bob Taft

Main article: Bob Taft

At a low point in his popularity in November 2005, Taft garnered only a 6.5% approval rating. According to polling organization Survey USA, this was a lower proportion than any governor in the United States. A poll taken in May 2006 indicated that only 2% of Ohio residents "strongly approved" of Taft's performance. The low approval ratings led pollster John Zogby to comment, "I'm not aware of anyone who's ever sunk lower."

Taft's low approval ratings follow several years of scandals. In 2005, Taft pleaded no contest to four ethics violations involving illegal gifts totaling $5,800. He was convicted of four misdemeanors and was ordered to pay a $4,000 fine and apologize to the people of Ohio. Taft is the only Ohio governor to be convicted of a crime while in office.

Thomas Noe and Coingate

Main article: Coingate scandal

In 1996 the Republican controlled Ohio General Assembly removed a restriction requiring that state investments only be in safer, though lower-yielding, bonds. After the restriction was eliminated, hundreds of millions of dollars in state funds were invested by a number of investment firms with close ties to the Republican party. Among those investments was $50 million of the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation fund which was given to Thomas Noe, an investor in rare and unusual coins and major donor to the Republican Party including then-governor Bob Taft.

In 2005 it was revealed that Noe could only account for $13 million of the original investment. Among the missing funds were two coins worth over $300,000 alone. Throughout 2005, there was a protracted legal battle over the release of records which Noe claimed were privileged and prosecutors claimed were in the public domain. The Ohio Supreme Court ruled 5–2 in favor of the prosecutors. On February 13, 2006, Noe was indicted on 53 counts, including: engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity (which carries a mandatory 10-year sentence), 11 counts of theft, 11 counts of money laundering, 8 counts of tampering with records, and 22 counts of forgery. The charges also accuse Noe of personally stealing $2 million. On November 20, 2006, Noe was found guilty of theft, money laundering, forgery and corrupt activity, and was sentenced to serve 18 years in prison, fined $213,000, ordered to pay the $2 million cost of his prosecution and make restitution to the Ohio Bureau of Worker's Compensation.

Also in 2006, Noe pleaded guilty to three charges of using over a dozen people in 2004 as illegal "conduits" to make donations to George W. Bush's re-election campaign of over $45,000 in order to skirt laws limiting donations in federal campaigns to $2,000. Noe was convicted and sentenced to 27 months in federal prison and ordered to pay a $136,000 fine.

Democratic primary

Candidates

  • Bryan Flannery, former State Representative and nominee for Ohio Secretary of State in 2002
  • Ted Strickland, U.S. Representative

Campaign

When Strickland first launched his campaign, he was originally also in a tough fight for the nomination, as Columbus Mayor Michael Coleman was also campaigning and raising money. Before attacks were traded between the nominees, Coleman bowed out, citing a need to spend more time with his family.

Results

Republican primary

Candidates

  • Ken Blackwell, Ohio Secretary of State and nominee for OH-01 in 1990
  • Jim Petro, Attorney General of Ohio

Campaign

Blackwell and Petro were initially going to be joined in their competitive primary by Ohio State Auditor Betty Montgomery, but Montgomery withdrew from the contest and instead ran for state attorney general, an office she lost. The campaign between the two candidates then heated up; despite commercials preaching his conservative values, Petro was never able to shake his previous pro-choice stance. As the election approached, the barbs grew worse between Petro and Blackwell, only serving to bring more negative attention to the Ohio Republican Party.

Results

Petro—60–70%}}

General election

Campaign finance

Ted Strickland campaigning before the election

The race for the 2006 election was the most expensive in Ohio's history. Reflective of both the national significance of the race, as well as the powerful fund-raising capabilities of both parties, Blackwell and Strickland passed the previous fund raising record set in 1998. That record, set when current Governor Bob Taft was running against Lee Fisher (Strickland's running mate), totaled a combined $18 million by the end of the election. As of September 9, 2006, Blackwell and Strickland had already raised a combined $21.2 million. Strickland led Blackwell, $11.2 million to $10 million. Most of the money raised in Ohio by both major party candidates came from a single zip code in downtown Columbus, which is home to their respective parties, labor and political groups, lobbyists and lawyers.

A significant amount of money was spent by private groups on behalf of the candidates as well, the estimated combined total at the time of the May 2 primary was $50 million.

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political ReportNovember 6, 2006
Sabato's Crystal BallNovember 6, 2006
Rothenberg Political ReportNovember 2, 2006
Real Clear PoliticsNovember 6, 2006

Polling

Graph of average poll results, Nov 2005- Oct 2006

Since the first polls on the general election matchup were taken in November 2005, Strickland led Blackwell, though the margin substantially increased in March 2006.

The greatest margin recorded in an individual poll was found in the October 26, 2006, SurveyUSA poll which showed Strickland leading by 30 points. The smallest recorded margin was the February 6, 2006, Zogby poll showing Strickland leading by a mere 3 points. When the results are averaged across the different polls, the greatest margin was in October 2006 with a difference of 22.6 points in favor of Strickland. The smallest average margin was during January 2006 with Strickland leading Blackwell by 4 points.

Poll sourceDate(s) administeredTed
Strickland (D)Ken
Blackwell (R)Bill
Peirce (L)Bob
Fitrakis (G)
Survey USANovember 6, 2006**55%**38%2%1%
University of CincinnatiNovember 6, 2006**59%**37%4% *(Independents combined)*
CNNOctober 31, 2006**59%**36%
Survey USAOctober 26, 2006**62%**32%1%1%
QuinnipiacOctober 18, 2006**59%**32%
NY Times/CBS NewsOctober 18, 2006**53%**29%2% *(Independents combined)*
University of CincinnatiOctober 14, 2006**52%**38%3%1%
Survey USAOctober 12, 2006**60%**32%2%1%
RasmussenOctober 6, 2006**52%**40%
ZogbySeptember 28, 2006**48.3%**39.7%
Survey USASeptember 28, 2006**56%**35%2%2%
RasmussenSeptember 20, 2006**54%**35%
QuinnipiacSeptember 19, 2006**56%**34%
University of CincinnatiSeptember 17, 2006**50%**38%3%2%
ZogbySeptember 11, 2006**47.5%**41.8%
ZogbyAugust 28, 2006**49.7%**41.4%
RasmussenAugust 27, 2006**57%**32%
Survey USAAugust 7, 2006**57%**35%2%1%
RasmussenAugust 1, 2006**50%**39%
ZogbyJuly 24, 2006**48.4%**43.8%
Columbus DispatchJuly 23, 2006**47%**27%
RasmussenJune 27, 2006**50%**37%
ZogbyJune 21, 2006**49.1%**44.3%
Survey USAJune 13, 2006**53%**37%2%1%
University of CincinnatiMay 25, 2006**50%**44%2% *(Independents combined)*
RasmussenMay 18, 2006**52%**36%
RasmussenApril 25, 2006**52%**35%
RasmussenMarch 31, 2006**50%**40%
RasmussenFebruary 19, 2006**47%**35%
ZogbyFebruary 6, 2006**38%**35%
RasmussenJanuary 7, 2006**44%**40%
RasmussenNovember 15, 2005**42%**36%

Results

Results by county

CountyTed Strickland
DemocraticKen Blackwell
RepublicanVarious candidates
Other partiesMarginTotal#%#%#%#%Totals2,435,38460.54%1,474,28536.65%113,0852.81%961,09923.89%4,022,754
Adams4,72554.40%3,77143.42%1892.18%95410.98%8,685
Allen18,00049.68%17,18447.43%1,0452.88%8162.25%36,229
Ashland9,49249.04%9,15447.30%7093.66%3381.75%19,355
Ashtabula22,25565.72%10,40630.73%1,2043.56%11,84934.99%33,865
Athens16,18881.59%3,30316.65%3491.76%12,88564.94%19,840
Auglaize7,60644.99%8,68751.38%6143.63%-1,081-6.39%16,907
Belmont17,84274.35%5,59323.31%5612.34%12,24951.05%23,996
Brown7,74355.13%5,95642.41%3452.46%1,78712.72%14,044
Butler52,36545.18%60,01851.79%3,5123.03%-7,653-6.60%115,895
Carroll6,90361.90%3,75333.65%4964.45%3,15028.25%11,152
Champaign7,47552.40%6,35544.55%4343.04%1,1207.85%14,264
Clark29,36459.86%18,20037.10%1,4923.04%11,16422.76%49,056
Clermont27,30742.00%35,68754.89%2,0163.10%-8,380-12.89%65,010
Clinton6,34250.15%5,94747.03%3572.82%3953.12%12,646
Columbiana23,91466.02%11,32631.27%9832.71%12,58834.75%36,223
Coshocton7,75457.83%5,18438.66%4703.51%2,57019.17%13,408
Crawford8,28749.49%7,86346.96%5943.55%4242.53%16,744
Cuyahoga335,30673.84%107,23423.61%11,5602.55%228,07250.23%454,100
Darke9,36546.31%10,01849.54%8404.15%-653-3.23%20,223
Defiance6,79849.85%6,29846.18%5423.97%5003.67%13,638
Delaware32,50450.18%30,93147.75%1,3382.07%1,5732.43%64,773
Erie20,25667.28%9,08930.19%7612.53%11,16737.09%30,106
Fairfield30,18055.88%22,36341.41%1,4612.71%7,81714.47%54,004
Fayette4,38452.18%3,84545.76%1732.06%5396.42%8,402
Franklin241,53664.71%122,60132.85%9,1212.44%118,93531.86%373,258
Fulton8,19350.76%7,42145.98%5273.26%7724.78%16,141
Gallia6,57464.67%3,40633.51%1851.82%3,16831.17%10,165
Geauga22,15456.59%15,85040.49%1,1442.92%6,30416.10%39,148
Greene28,61248.40%28,71348.57%1,7883.02%-101-0.17%59,113
Guernsey8,35062.43%4,60134.40%4243.17%3,74928.03%13,375
Hamilton139,45148.51%141,37449.17%6,6712.32%-1,923-0.67%287,496
Hancock10,93442.59%14,00754.56%7342.86%-3,073-11.97%25,675
Hardin5,27354.23%4,09942.16%3513.61%1,17412.07%9,723
Harrison4,23869.53%1,66127.25%1963.22%2,57742.28%6,095
Henry5,72349.88%5,37146.81%3793.30%3523.07%11,473
Highland7,00753.25%5,82244.25%3292.50%1,1859.01%13,158
Hocking6,61967.13%2,99030.32%2512.55%3,62936.81%9,860
Holmes3,30140.71%4,51455.67%2933.61%-1,213-14.96%8,108
Huron10,71856.66%7,59240.13%6073.21%3,12616.52%18,917
Jackson7,11768.28%3,15030.22%1561.50%3,96738.06%10,423
Jefferson18,07169.15%7,18727.50%8753.35%10,88441.65%26,133
Knox10,27849.46%9,94447.85%5582.69%3341.61%20,780
Lake56,48264.18%28,67532.58%2,8493.24%27,80731.60%88,006
Lawrence13,53070.80%5,28727.67%2921.53%8,24343.14%19,109
Licking32,45554.96%24,74041.90%1,8563.14%7,71513.06%59,051
Logan7,61147.33%7,94149.38%5283.28%-330-2.05%16,080
Lorain68,78368.35%28,34228.16%3,5073.48%40,44140.19%100,632
Lucas95,11866.62%44,30731.03%3,3592.35%50,81135.59%142,784
Madison7,24453.89%5,81543.26%3822.84%1,42910.63%13,441
Mahoning72,07675.67%20,35621.37%2,8192.96%51,72054.30%95,251
Marion11,96355.15%9,05441.74%6743.11%2,90913.41%21,691
Medina39,06159.63%24,62937.60%1,8212.78%14,43222.03%65,511
Meigs5,29568.70%2,28529.65%1271.65%3,01039.06%7,707
Mercer5,69236.38%9,42960.26%5253.36%-3,737-23.88%15,646
Miami17,26346.59%18,39549.64%1,3963.77%-1,132-3.06%37,054
Monroe4,68277.18%1,23720.39%1472.42%3,44556.79%6,066
Montgomery107,59356.87%76,18940.27%5,4192.86%31,40416.60%189,201
Morgan3,46862.87%1,87634.01%1723.12%1,59228.86%5,516
Morrow6,42551.09%5,66845.07%4823.83%7576.02%12,575
Muskingum16,73358.26%11,07338.56%9133.18%5,66019.71%28,719
Noble3,34265.89%1,58331.21%1472.90%1,75934.68%5,072
Ottawa10,85863.10%5,80933.76%5403.14%5,04929.34%17,207
Paulding3,71749.70%3,27643.80%4866.50%4415.90%7,479
Perry7,37165.28%3,57731.68%3433.04%3,79433.60%11,291
Pickaway10,60959.07%6,95338.71%3982.22%3,65620.36%17,960
Pike7,11872.81%2,51125.69%1471.50%4,60747.13%9,776
Portage36,55366.50%16,22329.51%2,1943.99%20,33036.98%54,970
Preble7,86350.56%7,09645.62%5943.82%7674.93%15,553
Putnam6,43945.47%7,24851.18%4743.35%-809-5.71%14,161
Richland24,39853.27%19,85543.35%1,5463.38%4,5439.92%45,799
Ross15,93066.82%7,45231.26%4571.92%8,47835.56%23,839
Sandusky13,47359.26%8,46737.24%7963.50%5,00622.02%22,736
Scioto19,78475.03%6,32824.00%2570.97%13,45651.03%26,369
Seneca11,38756.79%8,01139.95%6533.26%3,37616.84%20,051
Shelby8,06147.34%8,35849.08%6103.58%-297-1.74%17,029
Stark89,41664.14%45,41332.57%4,5853.29%44,00331.56%139,414
Summit135,14768.34%57,34429.00%5,2562.66%77,80339.34%197,747
Trumbull60,16174.16%18,55622.87%2,4112.97%41,60551.28%81,128
Tuscarawas20,55665.08%10,13432.08%8952.83%10,42233.00%31,585
Union7,68945.56%8,61351.03%5753.41%-924-5.47%16,877
Van Wert4,51443.37%5,33151.22%5645.42%-817-7.85%10,409
Vinton3,16571.57%1,16626.37%912.06%1,99945.21%4,422
Warren27,43440.29%39,09457.41%1,5632.30%-11,660-17.12%68,091
Washington15,03765.99%7,41232.53%3391.49%7,62533.46%22,788
Wayne19,82051.42%17,50445.41%1,2223.17%2,3166.01%38,546
Williams6,69651.38%5,85344.91%4843.71%8436.47%13,033
Wood26,77158.69%17,50038.36%1,3452.95%9,27120.32%45,616
Wyandot4,09750.21%3,85247.21%2112.59%2453.00%8,160

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

  • Sandusky (Largest city: Fremont)
  • Seneca (Largest city: Tiffin)
  • Huron (Largest city: Norwalk)
  • Lake (Largest city: Mentor)
  • Portage (largest city: Kent)
  • Stark (largest city: Canton)
  • Columbiana (Largest city: Salem)
  • Carroll (Largest city: Carrollton)
  • Tuscarawas (largest city: New Philadelphia)
  • Guernsey (Largest city: Cambridge)
  • Clark (largest municipality: Springfield)
  • Gallia (Largest city: Gallipolis)
  • Adams (Largest city: West Union)
  • Ashland (Largest city: Ashland)
  • Allen (Largest city: Lima)
  • Champaign (Largest city: Urbana)
  • Brown (Largest city: Georgetown)
  • Clinton (Largest city: Wilmington)
  • Coshocton (Largest city: Coshocton)
  • Crawford (Largest city: Bucyrus)
  • Delaware (Largest city: Delaware)
  • Defiance (Largest city: Defiance)
  • Fairfield (Largest city: Lancaster)
  • Fayette (Largest city: Washington Court House)
  • Fulton (Largest city: Wauseon)
  • Geauga (Largest city: Chardon)
  • Highland (Largest city: Hillsboro)
  • Hardin (Largest city: Kenton)
  • Henry (Largest city: Napoleon)
  • Knox (Largest city: Mount Vernon)
  • Licking (Largest city: Newark)
  • Madison (Largest city: London)
  • Marion (Largest city: Marion)
  • Medina (Largest city: Medina)
  • Morgan (Largest city: McConnelsville)
  • Morrow (Largest city: Mount Gilead)
  • Muskingum (Largest city: Zanesville)
  • Perry (Largest city: New Lexington)
  • Pickaway (Largest city: Circleville)
  • Preble (Largest city: Eaton)
  • Richland (Largest city: Mansfield)
  • Wayne (Largest city: Wooster)
  • Williams (Largest city: Bryan)
  • Wyandot (Largest city: Upper Sandusky)
  • Harrison (Largest city: Cadiz)
  • Hocking (Largest city: Logan)
  • Jackson (Largest city: Jackson)
  • Lawrence (Largest city: Ironton)
  • Meigs (Largest city: Middleport)
  • Noble (Largest city: Caldwell)
  • Ottawa (Largest city: Port Clinton)
  • Perry (Largest city: New Lexington)
  • Pike (Largest city: Waverly)
  • Ross (Largest city: Chillicothe)
  • Scioto (Largest city: Portsmouth)
  • Vinton (Largest city: McArthur)
  • Wood (Largest city: Bowling Green)
  • Belmont (largest city: Martins Ferry)
  • Jefferson (largest city: Steubenville)
  • Ashtabula (largest city: Ashtabula)
  • Erie (largest city: Sandusky)
  • Montgomery (largest city: Dayton)
  • Wood (largest city: Bowling Green)
  • Franklin (Largest city: Columbus)
  • Lucas (Largest city: Toledo)
  • Washington (Largest city: Marietta)
  • Monroe (largest city: Woodsfield)

By congressional district

Strickland won 16 of 18 congressional districts, including nine districts which elected Republicans to the House.

DistrictStricklandBlackwellRepresentative1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th
**49.7%**47.9%Steve Chabot
47.4%**50.4%**
Jean Schmidt
**54.0%**43.4%Mike Turner
**49.9%**46.9%Mike Oxley ([109th Congress](109th-united-states-congress))
Jim Jordan ([110th Congress](110th-united-states-congress))
**53.2%**43.2%Paul Gillmor
**70.2%**27.4%Ted Strickland ([109th Congress](109th-united-states-congress))
Charlie Wilson ([110th Congress](110th-united-states-congress))
**59.0%**38.3%Dave Hobson
47.1%**49.6%**John Boehner
**66.9%**30.5%Marcy Kaptur
**71.1%**26.1%Dennis Kucinich
**80.8%**16.9%Stephanie Tubbs Jones
**58.4%**39.4%Pat Tiberi
**67.6%**29.5%Sherrod Brown ([109th Congress](109th-united-states-congress))
Betty Sutton ([110th Congress](110th-united-states-congress))
**62.8%**34.3%Steve LaTourette
**61.9%**35.6%Deborah Pryce
**59.9%**36.9%Ralph Regula
**74.0%**22.9%Tim Ryan
**61.4%**35.7%Bob Ney ([109th Congress](109th-united-states-congress))
Zack Space ([110th Congress](110th-united-states-congress))

References

References

  1. "MiddletownJournal: Dayton, Ohio, news and information".
  2. Urbina, Ian. (April 21, 2006). "In the Race for Ohio Governor, All Sides Agree on a Need for Change". The New York Times.
  3. (November 2016)
  4. (December 7, 2005). "Officials pushed out of politics". Chillicothe Gazette.
  5. "CNN.com – Elections 2006". CNN.
  6. "CNN.com – Elections 2006". CNN.
  7. "toledoblade.com -- The Blade ~ Toledo Ohio".
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