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2005 Portuguese legislative election

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Field	Value
election_name	2005 Portuguese legislative election
country	Portugal
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
previous_election	2002 Portuguese legislative election
previous_year	2002
next_election	2009 Portuguese legislative election
next_year	2009
seats_for_election	All 230 seats in the Assembly of the Republic
majority_seats	116
registered	8,944,508 0.5%
turnout	5,747,834 (64.3%)
2.8 pp
election_date	20 February 2005
opinion_polls	Opinion polling for the 2005 Portuguese legislative election
image1
leader1	José Sócrates
party1	Socialist Party (Portugal)
leader_since1	[26 September 2004](2004-portuguese-socialist-party-leadership-election)
leaders_seat1	Castelo Branco
last_election1	96 seats, 37.8%
seats1	121
seat_change1	25
popular_vote1	2,588,312
percentage1	45.0%
swing1	7.2 pp
image2
leader2	Pedro Santana Lopes
party2	Social Democratic Party (Portugal)
leader_since2	1 July 2004
leaders_seat2	Lisbon
last_election2	105 seats, 40.2%
seats2	75
seat_change2	30
popular_vote2	1,653,425
percentage2	28.8%
swing2	11.4 pp
image3
colour3	FF0000
leader3	Jerónimo de Sousa
party3	PCP
alliance3	CDU
leader_since3	27 November 2004
leaders_seat3	Lisbon
last_election3	12 seats, 6.9%
seats3	14
seat_change3	2
popular_vote3	433,369
percentage3	7.5%
swing3	0.6 pp
image4
leader4	Paulo Portas
party4	CDS – People's Party
leader_since4	22 March 1998
leaders_seat4	Aveiro
last_election4	14 seats, 8.7%
seats4	12
seat_change4	2
popular_vote4	416,415
percentage4	7.2%
swing4	1.5 pp
image5
leader5	Francisco Louçã
party5	Left Bloc (Portugal)
leader_since5	24 March 1999
leaders_seat5	Lisbon
last_election5	3 seats, 2.8%
seats5	8
seat_change5	5
popular_vote5	364,971
percentage5	6.4%
swing5	3.6 pp
<!-- Map -->	title	Prime Minister
posttitle	Prime Minister after election
before_election	Pedro Santana Lopes
before_party	Social Democratic Party (Portugal)
after_election	José Sócrates
after_party	Socialist Party (Portugal)
map	{{Switcher
outgoing_members	[outgoing members](9th-legislature-of-the-third-portuguese-republic)
elected_members	[elected members](10th-legislature-of-the-third-portuguese-republic)

2.8 pp

The 2005 Portuguese legislative election took place on 20 February. The election renewed all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic.

These elections were called after the decision of President Jorge Sampaio on 30 November 2004 to dissolve the Parliament as an answer to the political instability caused by the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes (PSD) in coalition with the PP. Santana Lopes had become Prime Minister in July 2004, after José Manuel Durão Barroso left the country in order to become President of the European Commission in a decision that divided the country, because many Portuguese were expecting that the Socialist President Jorge Sampaio would dissolve the Parliament and call a legislative election. However, after five unstable months, President Sampaio decided to dissolve Parliament and call fresh elections. The Prime Minister nevertheless announced the resignation of the government on 11 December, in an action with no practical effects whatsoever.

The campaign started officially on 6 February and the major topics were the problematic state of the country's finances, unemployment, abortion and even José Sócrates's alleged homosexuality.

Headed by Sócrates, the centre-left Socialist Party (PS) won the election with a landslide victory, winning in 19 of the 22 electoral constituencies, including in districts such as Viseu and Bragança that historically voted for the right. The Socialist Party conquered its first absolute majority, receiving 45 percent of the electorate vote and 52 percent of the seats in the Parliament, making this the Socialists' largest ever victory in terms of vote percentage and seat count as of 2022. The centre-right parties, mainly the Social Democrats, were punished for their performance in government, and lost more than 11 percentage points they had garnered in the previous election. On the left, the Left Bloc achieved its best result ever and made the biggest climb, gaining 5 MPs, while the CDU (Communists and the Greens) gained 2 MPs and reversed their downward trend of the last elections.

Voter turnout was the highest since 1995, as 64.3 percent of the electorate cast a ballot.

Background

In the aftermath of the 2002 legislative election, PSD and CDS–PP formed a coalition government, the first coalition between both parties in nearly 20 years. After more than two years in office, Prime Minister José Manuel Durão Barroso announced, in June 2004, that he was resigning from office in order to become President of the European Commission.

Fall of the government

Deep disagreements and disputes within the Social Democratic Party began to derail the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes, the successor of Durão Barroso as prime minister. One of those disputes, the resignation of Youth and Sports Minister, Henrique Chaves, which was a close ally of Santana, precipitated the fall of the government, as Chaves accused Santana of not being "loyal and truthful". Following this, President Jorge Sampaio had "enough" of crises and accused the government of "contradictions and lack of coordination that contributed to its discredit". Therefore, Sampaio used his power of dissolution of Parliament and called a snap election, the only time till date such power was used in Portuguese democracy. A new election was called, by the President, for February 2005.

Leadership changes and challenges

PSD 2004 leadership election

Following the resignation of José Manuel Durão Barroso as Prime Minister and PSD leader, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) initiated the process to elect a new leader. Pedro Santana Lopes, by then Mayor of Lisbon, was the sole candidate for the leadership and his name was overwhelmingly confirmed in a National Party Council meeting on 1 July 2004. The results were the following:

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

-
-
- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
-
}

Two weeks later, on 17 July 2004, Santana Lopes was sworn in as Prime Minister.

PS 2004 leadership election

Main article: 2004 Portuguese Socialist Party leadership election

On early July 2004, PS leader Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues resigned from the leadership against President Jorge Sampaio decision to nominate Pedro Santana Lopes as Prime Minister, following the resignation of Durão Barroso, rather than calling a snap legislative election. New elections to select a new leader were called for 25 and 26 September 2004. Former environment minister José Sócrates, Manuel Alegre and the son of former President Mário Soares, João Soares, contested the leadership ballot. José Sócrates was elected by a landslide and the results were the following: |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

-
-
-
-
- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
-
}

PCP 2004 leadership election

In the fall of 2004, PCP leader Carlos Carvalhas decided to step down from the party's leadership after 12 years in the post. Jerónimo de Sousa was selected as candidate for the leadership and was elected in the party's congress during the weekend of 27 and 28 November 2004. The results were the following: |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

-
-
-
- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
-
}

Electoral system

The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.

The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude. The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.

For these elections, and compared with the 2002 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:

District	Number of MPs	Map
Lisbon	48
Porto	38
Braga	18
Setúbal	17
Aveiro	15
Leiria, Santarém and Coimbra	10
Viseu	9
Faro	8
Madeira and Viana do Castelo	6
Azores, Castelo Branco and Vila Real	5
Bragança and Guarda	4
Beja and Évora	3
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe	2

Parties

The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 9th legislature (2002–2005) and that also partook in the election:

Name	Ideology	Political position	Leader
Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"		PPD/PSD	Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrata	Conservatism
Classical liberalism	Centre-right	Pedro Santana Lopes	40.2%
Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"		PS	Socialist Party
Partido Socialista	Social democracy
Third Way	Centre-left to Centre	José Sócrates	37.8%
CDS – People's Party}};"		CDS-PP	CDS – People's Party
Centro Democrático e Social – Partido Popular	Christian democracy
Conservatism	Centre-right
to right-wing	Paulo Portas	8.7%
	PCP	Portuguese Communist Party
Partido Comunista Português	Communism
Marxism–Leninism	Far-left	Jerónimo de Sousa
6.9%

Ecologist Party "The Greens"}};"		PEV	Ecologist Party "The Greens"
Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes"	Eco-socialism
Green politics	Left-wing	Heloísa Apolónia
Left Bloc (Portugal)}};"		BE	Left Bloc
Bloco de Esquerda	Democratic socialism
Anti-capitalism	Left-wing	Francisco Louçã	2.7%

Campaign period

Party slogans

Party or alliance	English translation	Refs
Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}"	PSD	« Por amor a Portugal. »	"For love of Portugal"
Socialist Party (Portugal)}}"	PS	« Voltar a acreditar em Portugal »	"Believing in Portugal again"
CDS – People's Party}}"	CDS–PP	« O voto útil para Portugal »	"The useful vote for Portugal"
Unitary Democratic Coalition}}"	CDU	« Agora é consigo »	"Now it's up to you"
Left Bloc (Portugal)}}"	BE	« Faz toda a diferença »	"It makes all the difference"

Candidates' debates

2005 Portuguese legislative election debates	Date	Organisers	Moderator(s)	Present Absent invitee Non-invitee	PSD
Santana	PS
Sócrates	CDS–PP
Portas	CDU
Jerónimo	BE
Louçã	Refs	Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"		Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"		CDS – People's Party}};"		Unitary Democratic Coalition}};"		Left Bloc (Portugal)}};"		Candidate viewed as "most convincing" in each debate	Date	Organisers	Polling firm/Link	PSD	PS	CDS–PP	CDU	BE	Notes	Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"	Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"	CDS – People's Party}};"	Unitary Democratic Coalition}};"	Left Bloc (Portugal)}};"
18 Jan	SIC Notícias		N	N	N	P	P	date=18 January 2005	url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/tv-media/detalhe/televisoes-apostam-nos-debates-politicos	title=Televisões apostam nos debates políticos	language=pt	work=Correio da Manhã	access-date=11 May 2020}}
20 Jan	SIC Notícias		N	N	P	N	P
25 Jan	SIC Notícias		N	N	P	P	N
3 Feb	RTP2,
SIC,
Antena 1,
TSF	Maria Flor Pedroso
Rodrigo Guedes de Carvalho
José Gomes Ferreira
Ricardo Costa	P	P	N	N	N
15 Feb	RTP1	Judite de Sousa
José Alberto Carvalho	P	P	P	P	P
3 Feb	RTP2, SIC, Antena 1, TSF	[Aximage](https://comunicar-politica.blogs.sapo.pt/7538.html)	20.2		50.4				29.6% Tie

Opinion polling

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2005 Portuguese legislative election

Voter turnout

The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.

Turnout	Time	12:00	16:00	19:00	2002	2005	±	2002	2005	±	2002	2005	±
Total	18.00%	21.93%	3.93 pp	45.88%	50.94%	5.06 pp	61.48%	64.26%	2.78 pp
Sources

Results

National summary

Distribution by constituency

1.7
4.0
-
2.9
-
5
-
8
35.7
6
3.5
-
9.8
1
5.1
-
15
-
2
12.3
-
24.1
1
2.9
-
4.7
-
3
-
9
32.9
7
4.8
1
7.8
1
4.6
-
18
-
2
39.0
2
2.0
-
9.7
-
2.5
-
4
-
4
26.7
1
3.8
-
5.3
-
3.7
-
5
-
6
31.9
4
5.5
-
5.5
-
6.3
-
10
-
2
16.7
-
20.9
1
3.7
-
4.6
-
3
-
6
24.6
2
6.9
-
5.8
-
7.7
-
8
-
2
34.7
2
2.9
-
7.0
-
3.4
-
4
-
35.6
4
5
4.6
-
8.9
1
5.5
-
10
-
23
23.7
12
9.8
5
8.2
4
8.8
4
48
-
35.0
3
3
3.6
-
6.6
-
3.8
-
6
-
2
20.2
-
12.1
-
4.2
-
4.6
-
2
-
20
27.8
12
5.4
2
6.9
2
6.7
2
38
-
6
26.4
3
8.6
1
6.9
-
6.5
-
10
-
8
16.1
3
20.0
3
5.1
1
10.3
2
17
-
3
33.5
2
3.8
-
11.4
1
4.5
-
6
-
3
40.2
2
2.6
-
6.8
-
2.4
-
5
-
4
40.2
4
2.2
-
8.6
1
3.3
-
9
-
1
27.2
1
4.2
-
3.4
-
2.3
-
2
-
26.3
-
2
1.0
-
3.5
-
0.7
-
2
-
- class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9"
121
28.8
75
7.5
14
7.2
12
6.4
8
230
-
}

Maps

File:2005 Portuguese legislative election district results.svg|Winner and seats by constituency. File:Legislativas portuguesas de 2005 (Mapa).png|Most voted political force by municipality. File:CDU electoral results 2005.png|Share of vote for CDU by district.

Graphics

Portugal federal elections 2005 - seats.svg|Seats won by party. Portugal parliamentary elections 2005 - party list seats gains and losts.svg|Gains and losses by party. Portugal parliamentary elections 2005.svg|Share of vote by party.

Notes

| The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV) contested the 2002 election in a coalition called Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) and won a combined 6.9% of the vote and elected 12 MPs to parliament.

| From the Social Democratic electoral lists were elected two MPs from the People's Monarchist Party and other two MPs from Earth Party.

| Portuguese Communist Party (12 MPs) and "The Greens" (2 MPs).

References

Santos Costa, Filipe. (2 February 2005). "Santana nega ter feito insinuações". Diário de Notícias.
Paixão, Paulo. (23 September 2009). "Temas que marcaram a campanha das legislativas de 2005". Expresso.
[https://sicnoticias.pt/arquivo/legislativas-2019/2019-10-01-2002-O-regresso-da-coligacao-de-Direita-ao-poder "2002: O regresso da coligação de Direita ao poder"], ''SIC Notícias'', 1 October 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
[https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/politica/durao-barroso-apresenta-demissao-para-ser-presidente-da-comissao-europeia_v853581 "Durão Barroso apresenta demissão para ser presidente da Comissão Europeia "], ''RTP'', 8 September 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
[https://observador.pt/especiais/as-trapalhadas-de-santana-em-2004-que-rio-apoiou-e-marcelo-arrasou/ "As "trapalhadas" de Santana em 2004 (que Rio apoiou e Marcelo arrasou) "], ''Observador'', 21 December 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
[https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/detalhe/henrique_chaves_demite_se_do_governo_por_falta_de_lealdade_e_de_verdade_de_santana "Henrique Chaves demite-se do Governo por falta de «lealdade e de verdade» de Santana"], ''Jornal de Negócios'', 28 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
[https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/politica/jorge-sampaio-anuncia-a-dissolucao-do-parlamento_v853585 "Jorge Sampaio anuncia a dissolução do Parlamento "], ''RTP'', 8 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/11/30/politica/noticia/jorge-sampaio-vai-dissolver-assembleia-da-republica-1209724 "Jorge Sampaio vai dissolver Assembleia da República "], ''Público'', 30 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
[https://www.cmjornal.pt/politica/detalhe/a-bomba-atomica-de-sampaio "A bomba atómica de Sampaio"], ''Correio da Manhã'', 10 September 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/12/22/politica/noticia/jorge-sampaio-assinou-hoje-decreto-de-dissolucao-do-parlamento-1211455 "Jorge Sampaio assinou hoje decreto de dissolução do Parlamento "], ''Público'', 22 December 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
[https://www.jn.pt/arquivo/2004/durao-barroso-demite-se-oficialmente-449097.html "Durão Barroso demite-se oficialmente"], ''Jornal de Notícias'', 5 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/06/30/politica/noticia/santana-lopes-considera-legitima-eleicao-pelo-conselho-nacional-do-psd-1198008/amp "Santana Lopes considera legítima eleição pelo Conselho Nacional do PSD "], ''Público'', 30 June 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/07/11/politica/noticia/santana-lopes-indigitado-pelo-psd-para-primeiroministro-1198845 "Santana Lopes indigitado pelo PSD para primeiro-ministro"], ''Público'', 11 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/07/17/politica/noticia/um-governo-de-amigos-politicos-e-estreantes-1199229 "Um Governo de amigos, políticos e estreantes "], ''Público'', 17 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/07/09/politica/noticia/ferro-rodrigues-demitese-da-lideranca-do-ps-1198763 "Ferro Rodrigues demite-se da liderança do PS "], ''Público'', 9 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
[https://as.ps.pt/pdf/2004/as1225.pdf "DEBATER AS IDEIAS ESCOLHER OS PROTAGONISTAS"], ''Acção Socialista'', 29 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
[https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/socrates-eleito-secretario-geral-do-ps/ "Sócrates eleito Secretário Geral do PS"], ''[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal. RTP]]'', 26 September 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/10/05/politica/noticia/carlos-carvalhas-abandona-lideranca-do-pcp-1205166 "Carlos Carvalhas abandona liderança do PCP"], ''Público'', 5 October 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
[https://www.publico.pt/2004/11/28/politica/noticia/pcp-jeronimo-de-sousa-eleito-secretariogeral-1209508 "PCP: Jerónimo de Sousa eleito secretário-geral"], ''Público'', 28 November 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
"Constitution of the Portuguese Republic".
"Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin.
Gallaher, Michael (1992). "[https://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/BJPS1992.pdf Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities]"
"Mapa Oficial n.º 5-A/2004". CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições - DR I Série-A, nº 301, 27 de Dezembro de 2004.
"ELEIÇÕES LEGISLATIVAS DE 2005 – PSD". EPHEMERA.
"PS recusa proposta de debate entre José Sócrates e Santana Lopes". TVI.
"ELEIÇÕES LEGISLATIVAS DE 2005 – CDS". EPHEMERA.
"Documents". PCP.
"ELEIÇÕES LEGISLATIVAS DE 2005 – BE". EPHEMERA.
(18 January 2005). "Televisões apostam nos debates políticos". Correio da Manhã.
(21 January 2005). "Portas e Louçã travaram debate aceso a propósito do aborto e da banca". Público.
(3 February 2005). "Debate inovador ao estilo americano". Diário de Notícias.
(2005). "DEBATE: LEGISLATIVAS 2005". RTP1.
(20 February 2005). "21,93 por cento dos eleitores votaram até ao meio-dia". RTP.
(17 March 2002). "Votaram 18 por cento dos eleitores até ao meio-dia". Público.
(20 February 2005). "00, mais de metade dos eleitores já tinha votado". RTP.
(17 March 2002). "Afluência às urnas ultrapassa 45 por cento às 16h00". Público.

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