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2000 United States presidential election in Illinois

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Field	Value
election_name	2000 United States presidential election in Illinois
country	Illinois
type	presidential
ongoing	no
previous_election	1996 United States presidential election in Illinois
previous_year	1996
next_election	2004 United States presidential election in Illinois
next_year	2004
election_date	November 7, 2000
image_size	x200px
image1	Al Gore, Vice President of the United States, official portrait 1994 (3x4 close cropped).jpg
nominee1	Al Gore
party1	Democratic Party (United States)
home_state1	Tennessee
running_mate1	Joe Lieberman
electoral_vote1	22
popular_vote1	2,589,026
percentage1	54.60%
image2	GeorgeWBush (1).jpg
nominee2	George W. Bush
party2	Republican Party (United States)
home_state2	Texas
running_mate2	Dick Cheney
electoral_vote2	0
popular_vote2	2,019,421
percentage2	42.58%
map_image
title	President
before_election	Bill Clinton
before_party	Democratic Party (United States)
after_election	George W. Bush
after_party	Republican Party (United States)
turnout	66.52%

Gore Bush The 2000 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 7, 2000, and was part of the 2000 United States presidential election. Voters chose 22 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Illinois was easily won by sitting Vice President Al Gore of the State of Tennessee, unlike other states in the Midwest, such as nearby Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, which Gore won, albeit by much smaller margins. George W. Bush, Republican of Texas, did not perform terribly at the county level, as he obtained less than forty percent of the vote in only three counties. Gore's key to victory was Cook County, home of Chicago, by far the most populous county in the state and one of the most populated counties in the nation. Gore won that county with almost seventy percent of the vote, his best performance in any county in the state.

The election marked the first time since 1976 that Illinois did not vote for the winning presidential nominee and marked an end to Illinois’ status as a bellwether state, as it had voted for the winning candidate all but two times in the 20th-century, making it tied with Missouri as having the most consistent streak of backing the winner in that century. Bush became the first Republican to win the White House without carrying Illinois; he also became the first Republican ever to win the White House without carrying Champaign, Peoria, or Whiteside Counties. It was additionally the first election in which the Republicans outperformed in Southern Illinois, a previous Democratic stronghold. This was also the first time since 1848 that a Democrat would carry Illinois without winning the presidency.

Illinois was one of ten states that backed George H. W. Bush for president in 1988 that didn't back George W. Bush in either 2000 or 2004.

Primaries

The primaries and general elections coincided with those for congress and those for state offices.

Turnout

For the state-run primaries (Democratic and Republican), turnout was 22.92%, with 1,546,588 votes cast. For the general election, turnout was 66.52%, with 4,742,123 votes cast.

Democratic

The number of pledged delegates received is determined by the popular vote withdrawn

The 2000 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on March 21, 2000, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 2000 presidential election.

161 of the state's 190 delegates were pledged delegates elected in the primary (the remaining 29 delegates were superdelegates). Of the 161 pledged delegates, 35 were elected based upon the statewide popular vote, with the remaining 126 being elected based upon congressional district popular votes. In order to receive delegates from either the popular vote of either the state at-large of the popular vote of a congressional district, a candidate needed to reach the threshold of 15% or more of said vote.

Candidate	Votes	%	Delegates
Al Gore	682,932	84.35	149
Bill Bradley withdrew	115,320	14.24	12
Lyndon LaRouche	11,415	1.41	0

Republican

Pledged delegates directly-elected in vote separate from statewide presidential preference vote withdrawn The 2000 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on March 21, 2000, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 2000 presidential election.

Illinois assigned 60 directly elected delegates (the state had another 10 delegates that were not directly elected by voters). The Illinois primary was a so-called "Loophole" primary. This meant that the statewide presidential preference vote was a "beauty contest", from which no delegates would be assigned. Instead, the delegates were assigned by separate direct-votes on delegate candidates (whose proclaimed presidential preferences were listed beside their names on the ballot). These delegates were noted voted on at-large by a state vote, but rather by congressional district votes. The number of delegates each congressional district would be able to elect had been decided based upon the strength of that district's vote for the Republican nominee (Bob Dole) in the previous 1996 election.

The remaining ten delegates not directly elected by congressional district were selected at the Illinois Republican Party Convention, and were unpledged delegates.

Candidate	Votes	%	Delegates
George W. Bush	496,685	67.40	64
John McCain withdrawn	158,768	21.54	0
Alan Keyes	66,066	8.97	0
Steve Forbes withdrawn	10,334	1.40	0
Gary Bauer withdrawn	5,068	0.69	0

Results

2000 United States presidential election in Illinois	Party	Candidate	Running mate	Votes	Percentage
Democratic	Al Gore	Joe Lieberman	2,589,026	54.6%	22
Republican	George W. Bush	Dick Cheney	2,019,421	42.6%	0
Green	Ralph Nader	Winona LaDuke	103,759	2.2%	0
Reform	Pat Buchanan	Ezola Foster	16,106	0.3%	0
Libertarian	Harry Browne	Wayne Allyn Root	11,623	0.3%	0
Natural Law	John Hagelin	Mary Alice Herbert	2,127	0.0%	0
Constitution	Howard Phillips	Michael Peroutka	57	0.0%	0
Write In	David McReynolds	-	4	0.0%	0
Totals	4,742,123	100.00%	22
Voter turnout (Voting age/Registered)	52%/67%

Results by county

County	Al Gore
Democratic	George W. Bush
Republican	Ralph Nader
Green	Various candidates
Other parties	Margin	Total	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	Totals	2,589,026	54.60%	2,019,421	42.58%	103,759	2.19%	29,917	0.63%	569,605	12.02%	4,742,123
	Adams		12,197		40.51%		17,331		57.56%		371		1.23%		210		0.70%		-5,134		-17.05%		30,109
	Alexander		2,357		58.60%		1,588		39.48%		28		0.70%		49		1.22%		769		19.12%		4,022
	Bond		3,060		43.52%		3,804		54.10%		113		1.61%		55		0.78%		-744		-10.58%		7,032
	Boone		6,481		41.75%		8,617		55.51%		325		2.09%		100		0.64%		-2,136		-13.76%		15,523
	Brown		1,077		40.49%		1,529		57.48%		29		1.09%		25		0.94%		-452		-16.99%		2,660
	Bureau		7,754		46.09%		8,526		50.68%		363		2.16%		180		1.07%		-772		-4.59%		16,823
	Calhoun		1,310		50.35%		1,229		47.23%		42		1.61%		21		0.81%		81		3.12%		2,602
	Carroll		3,113		43.37%		3,835		53.43%		154		2.15%		75		1.05%		-722		-10.06%		7,177
	Cass		2,789		47.28%		2,968		50.31%		94		1.59%		48		0.81%		-179		-3.03%		5,899
	Champaign		35,515		47.81%		34,645		46.64%		3,543		4.77%		582		0.78%		870		1.17%		74,285
	Christian		6,799		46.03%		7,537		51.03%		269		1.82%		166		1.12%		-738		-5.00%		14,771
	Clark		2,932		39.03%		4,398		58.55%		126		1.68%		56		0.75%		-1,466		-19.52%		7,512
	Clay		2,212		36.06%		3,789		61.76%		78		1.27%		56		0.91%		-1,577		-25.70%		6,135
	Clinton		6,436		41.72%		8,588		55.67%		295		1.91%		108		0.70%		-2,152		-13.95%		15,427
	Coles		8,904		44.31%		10,495		52.23%		507		2.52%		187		0.93%		-1,591		-7.92%		20,093
	Cook		1,280,547		68.63%		534,542		28.65%		42,068		2.25%		8,750		0.47%		746,005		39.98%		1,865,907
	Crawford		3,333		39.21%		4,974		58.52%		118		1.39%		75		0.88%		-1,641		-19.31%		8,500
	Cumberland		1,870		37.59%		2,964		59.58%		72		1.45%		69		1.39%		-1,094		-21.99%		4,975
	DeKalb		14,798		44.53%		17,139		51.57%		1,032		3.11%		264		0.79%		-2,341		-7.04%		33,233
	DeWitt		2,870		40.70%		3,968		56.28%		133		1.89%		80		1.13%		-1,098		-15.58%		7,051
	Douglas		3,215		39.44%		4,734		58.07%		132		1.62%		71		0.87%		-1,519		-18.63%		8,152
	DuPage		152,550		41.87%		201,037		55.18%		8,711		2.39%		2,064		0.57%		-48,487		-13.31%		364,362
	Edgar		3,216		39.07%		4,833		58.71%		113		1.37%		70		0.85%		-1,617		-19.64%		8,232
	Edwards		978		30.00%		2,212		67.85%		42		1.29%		28		0.86%		-1,234		-37.85%		3,260
	Effingham		4,225		29.17%		9,855		68.04%		213		1.47%		192		1.33%		-5,630		-38.87%		14,485
	Fayette		3,886		41.61%		5,200		55.69%		122		1.31%		130		1.39%		-1,314		-14.08%		9,338
	Ford		2,090		33.97%		3,889		63.20%		116		1.89%		58		0.94%		-1,799		-29.23%		6,153
	Franklin		10,201		53.10%		8,490		44.19%		347		1.81%		174		0.91%		1,711		8.91%		19,212
	Fulton		8,940		54.92%		6,936		42.61%		276		1.70%		125		0.77%		2,004		12.31%		16,277
	Gallatin		1,878		52.78%		1,591		44.72%		40		1.12%		49		1.38%		287		8.06%		3,558
	Greene		2,490		43.18%		3,129		54.26%		93		1.61%		55		0.95%		-639		-11.08%		5,767
	Grundy		7,516		45.32%		8,709		52.51%		257		1.55%		102		0.62%		-1,193		-7.19%		16,584
	Hamilton		1,943		42.36%		2,519		54.92%		75		1.64%		50		1.09%		-576		-12.56%		4,587
	Hancock		4,256		43.92%		5,134		52.98%		161		1.66%		140		1.44%		-878		-9.06%		9,691
	Hardin		1,184		44.90%		1,366		51.80%		41		1.55%		46		1.74%		-182		-6.90%		2,637
	Henderson		2,030		52.51%		1,708		44.18%		74		1.91%		54		1.40%		322		8.33%		3,866
	Henry		11,921		50.79%		10,896		46.43%		428		1.82%		225		0.96%		1,025		4.36%		23,470
	Iroquois		4,397		32.75%		8,685		64.70%		229		1.71%		113		0.84%		-4,288		-31.95%		13,424
	Jackson		11,773		50.99%		9,823		42.54%		1,228		5.32%		266		1.15%		1,950		8.45%		23,090
	Jasper		1,815		36.15%		3,119		62.12%		50		1.00%		37		0.74%		-1,304		-25.97%		5,021
	Jefferson		6,685		43.52%		8,362		54.44%		211		1.37%		102		0.66%		-1,677		-10.92%		15,360
	Jersey		4,355		46.27%		4,699		49.92%		231		2.45%		128		1.36%		-344		-3.65%		9,413
	Jo Daviess		4,585		44.42%		5,304		51.39%		314		3.04%		119		1.15%		-719		-6.97%		10,322
	Johnson		1,928		35.96%		3,285		61.26%		83		1.55%		66		1.23%		-1,357		-25.30%		5,362
	Kane		60,127		42.52%		76,996		54.45%		3,274		2.32%		1,008		0.71%		-16,869		-11.93%		141,405
	Kankakee		19,180		47.73%		20,049		49.89%		713		1.77%		241		0.60%		-869		-2.16%		40,183
	Kendall		8,444		37.09%		13,688		60.12%		481		2.11%		156		0.69%		-5,244		-23.03%		22,769
	Knox		12,572		54.25%		9,912		42.77%		455		1.96%		235		1.01%		2,660		11.48%		23,174
	Lake		115,058		47.51%		120,988		49.96%		4,843		2.00%		1,275		0.53%		-5,930		-2.45%		242,164
	LaSalle		23,355		50.76%		21,276		46.25%		992		2.16%		384		0.83%		2,079		4.51%		46,007
	Lawrence		2,822		42.90%		3,594		54.64%		101		1.54%		61		0.93%		-772		-11.74%		6,578
	Lee		6,111		41.80%		8,069		55.19%		320		2.19%		120		0.82%		-1,958		-13.39%		14,620
	Livingston		5,829		37.80%		9,187		59.57%		285		1.85%		120		0.78%		-3,358		-21.77%		15,421
	Logan		4,600		35.21%		8,141		62.31%		208		1.59%		116		0.89%		-3,541		-27.10%		13,065
	Macon		24,262		49.02%		23,830		48.14%		982		1.98%		425		0.86%		432		0.88%		49,499
	Macoupin		11,015		51.50%		9,749		45.58%		426		1.99%		199		0.93%		1,266		5.92%		21,389
	Madison		59,077		53.17%		48,821		43.94%		2,359		2.12%		847		0.76%		10,256		9.23%		111,104
	Marion		8,068		48.42%		8,240		49.45%		238		1.43%		117		0.70%		-172		-1.03%		16,663
	Marshall		2,570		43.51%		3,145		53.24%		134		2.27%		58		0.98%		-575		-9.73%		5,907
	Mason		3,192		47.14%		3,411		50.37%		117		1.73%		52		0.77%		-219		-3.23%		6,772
	Massac		2,912		43.18%		3,676		54.51%		83		1.23%		73		1.08%		-764		-11.33%		6,744
	McDonough		6,080		46.73%		6,465		49.68%		364		2.80%		103		0.79%		-385		-2.95%		13,012
	McHenry		40,698		38.33%		62,112		58.49%		2,751		2.59%		624		0.59%		-21,414		-20.16%		106,185
	McLean		24,936		40.95%		34,008		55.84%		1,546		2.54%		408		0.67%		-9,072		-14.89%		60,898
	Menard		2,164		34.89%		3,862		62.27%		135		2.18%		41		0.66%		-1,698		-27.38%		6,202
	Mercer		4,400		52.90%		3,688		44.34%		156		1.88%		74		0.89%		712		8.56%		8,318
	Monroe		5,797		42.02%		7,632		55.32%		262		1.90%		105		0.76%		-1,835		-13.30%		13,796
	Montgomery		6,542		49.97%		6,226		47.55%		191		1.46%		134		1.02%		316		2.42%		13,093
	Morgan		5,899		41.15%		8,058		56.22%		253		1.77%		124		0.87%		-2,159		-15.07%		14,334
	Moultrie		2,529		44.17%		3,058		53.41%		78		1.36%		60		1.05%		-529		-9.24%		5,725
	Ogle		7,673		37.25%		12,325		59.83%		467		2.27%		136		0.66%		-4,652		-22.58%		20,601
	Peoria		38,604		50.26%		36,398		47.39%		1,332		1.73%		478		0.62%		2,206		2.87%		76,812
	Perry		4,862		48.90%		4,802		48.30%		173		1.74%		105		1.06%		60		0.60%		9,942
	Piatt		3,488		41.60%		4,619		55.09%		217		2.59%		61		0.73%		-1,131		-13.49%		8,385
	Pike		3,198		39.42%		4,706		58.01%		115		1.42%		93		1.15%		-1,508		-18.59%		8,112
	Pope		927		39.79%		1,346		57.77%		31		1.33%		26		1.12%		-419		-17.98%		2,330
	Pulaski		1,518		50.33%		1,430		47.41%		31		1.03%		37		1.23%		88		2.92%		3,016
	Putnam		1,657		52.12%		1,437		45.20%		58		1.82%		27		0.85%		220		6.92%		3,179
	Randolph		6,794		47.55%		7,127		49.88%		229		1.60%		137		0.96%		-333		-2.33%		14,287
	Richland		2,491		33.54%		4,718		63.52%		134		1.80%		85		1.14%		-2,227		-29.98%		7,428
	Rock Island		37,957		58.31%		25,194		38.70%		1,364		2.10%		580		0.89%		12,763		19.61%		65,095
	Saline		5,427		46.58%		5,933		50.93%		181		1.55%		109		0.94%		-506		-4.35%		11,650
	Sangamon		38,414		41.99%		50,374		55.06%		2,001		2.19%		696		0.76%		-11,960		-13.07%		91,485
	Schuyler		1,587		42.07%		2,077		55.06%		72		1.91%		36		0.95%		-490		-12.99%		3,772
	Scott		954		38.64%		1,458		59.05%		31		1.26%		26		1.05%		-504		-20.41%		2,469
	Shelby		4,018		39.54%		5,851		57.57%		162		1.59%		132		1.30%		-1,833		-18.03%		10,163
	St. Clair		55,961		55.74%		42,299		42.13%		1,569		1.56%		564		0.56%		13,662		13.61%		100,393
	Stark		1,211		40.52%		1,694		56.67%		55		1.84%		29		0.97%		-483		-16.15%		2,989
	Stephenson		8,062		41.60%		10,715		55.29%		476		2.46%		125		0.65%		-2,653		-13.69%		19,378
	Tazewell		25,379		43.50%		31,537		54.05%		1,022		1.75%		410		0.70%		-6,158		-10.55%		58,348
	Union		3,982		45.98%		4,397		50.77%		189		2.18%		92		1.06%		-415		-4.79%		8,660
	Vermilion		15,406		47.99%		15,783		49.17%		605		1.88%		306		0.95%		-377		-1.18%		32,100
	Wabash		1,987		36.07%		3,406		61.84%		75		1.36%		40		0.73%		-1,419		-25.77%		5,508
	Warren		3,524		46.18%		3,899		51.09%		130		1.70%		78		1.02%		-375		-4.91%		7,631
	Washington		2,638		36.96%		4,353		60.98%		96		1.34%		51		0.71%		-1,715		-24.02%		7,138
	Wayne		2,209		28.71%		5,347		69.50%		77		1.00%		60		0.78%		-3,138		-40.79%		7,693
	White		2,958		38.73%		4,521		59.20%		113		1.48%		45		0.59%		-1,563		-20.47%		7,637
	Whiteside		12,886		51.88%		11,252		45.30%		515		2.07%		184		0.74%		1,634		6.58%		24,837
	Will		90,902		47.43%		95,828		50.00%		3,769		1.97%		1,171		0.61%		-4,926		-2.57%		191,670
	Williamson		12,192		45.26%		14,012		52.01%		476		1.77%		259		0.96%		-1,820		-6.75%		26,939
	Winnebago		51,981		47.56%		53,816		49.24%		2,637		2.41%		863		0.79%		-1,835		-1.68%		109,297
	Woodford		5,529		32.92%		10,905		64.94%		263		1.57%		96		0.57%		-5,376		-32.02%		16,793

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Bond (Largest city: Greenville)
Bureau (Largest city: Princeton)
Cass (Largest city: Beardstown)
Christian (Largest city: Taylorville)
Clay (Largest city: Flora)
Clinton (Largest city: Breese)
Coles (Largest city: Charleston)
DeKalb (Largest city: DeKalb)
Fayette (Largest city: Vandalia)
Greene (Largest city: Carrollton)
Grundy (Largest city: Morris)
Hamilton (Largest city: McLeansboro)
Hancock (Largest city: Hamilton)
Hardin (Largest city: Rosiclare)
Jefferson (Largest city: Mount Vernon)
Jersey (Largest city: Jerseyville)
Jo Daviess (Largest city: Galena)
Kankakee (Largest city: Kankakee)
Lake (Largest city: Waukegan)
Lawrence (Largest city: Lawrenceville)
Marion (Largest city: Centralia)
Marshall (Largest city: Henry)
Mason (Largest city: Havana)
Massac (Largest city: Metropolis)
McDonough (Largest city: Macomb)
Moultrie (Largest city: Sullivan)
Piatt (Largest city: Monticello)
Pike (Largest city: Pittsfield)
Pope (Largest city: Golconda)
Randolph (Largest city: Chester)
Saline (Largest city: Harrisburg)
Schuyler (Largest city: Rushville)
Shelby (Largest city: Shelbyville)
Union (Largest city: Anna)
Vermilion (Largest city: Danville)
Warren (Largest city: Monmouth)
White (Largest city: Carmi)
Will (Largest city: Joliet)
Williamson (Largest city: Marion)
Winnebago (Largest city: Rockford)

By congressional district

Gore won 11 of 20 congressional districts, including two that elected Republicans.

District	Gore	Representative
87%	11%	Bobby Rush
88%	11%	Jesse Jackson Jr.
55%	41%	Bill Lipinski
78%	18%	Luis Gutierrez
63%	33%	Rod Blagojevich
45%	52%	Henry Hyde
83%	15%	Danny K. Davis
42%	55%	Phil Crane
70%	26%	Jan Schakowsky
53%	45%	John Porter
	Mark Kirk
53%	45%	Jerry Weller
55%	42%	Jerry Costello
42%	55%	Judy Biggert
42%	55%	Dennis Hastert
44%	52%	Thomas W. Ewing
	Timothy V. Johnson
43%	54%	Donald Manzullo
51%	46%	Lane Evans
43%	55%	Ray LaHood
43%	54%	David D. Phelps
45%	52%	John Shimkus

Analysis

Vice President Al Gore easily defeated Texas Governor George W. Bush in the “Land of Lincoln”. Illinois was once reckoned as a swing state or slightly Republican-leaning, but, since Bill Clinton's election in 1992, it swung heavily for the Democrats at the presidential level, remaining heavily Democratic in 1996. The blue trend can chiefly be traced to the explosive increase in the Democratic margins in Cook County, which encompasses Chicago and its inner suburbs and is the second-largest county in the country. In 1996, Bill Clinton reached 66.8% of the vote in Cook County, a level exceeding any nominee's in the county since Warren G. Harding in 1920, and Gore improved on Clinton's vote share in the county still further.

Secondarily, although Bush still retained the famously Republican Chicago collar counties, he underperformed recent competitive Republicans in them. He won DuPage County, the largest collar county, by only 13.3%, as compared to Gerald Ford's 40.5% margin in the county in 1976, and his father's 39.4% margin in 1988 (in both of which cases DuPage County provided the Republican's entire statewide margin).

Bush did do well in much of rural Illinois, although Gore retained a number of counties in the Forgottonia region that had begun going Democratic in 1988. Gore also did well in Metro East, whereas Bush held moderately-populated Sangamon County (Springfield) and McLean County (Bloomington). Ultimately, Gore's overwhelming strength in Cook County was decisive in handing Gore a more than five hundred thousand vote (or 12%) advantage in the state, which was among the first Midwestern states to be called on election night.

, this is the last election in which Franklin County and Perry County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.

Electors

Main article: List of 2000 United States presidential electors

Technically the voters of Illinois cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. For this election, Illinois is allocated 22 electors because it has 20 congressional districts and two senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 22 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 22 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.

The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 18, 2000 to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.

The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All were pledged to and voted for Gore and Lieberman:

Joan Brennan
Dave Bybee
Vilma Colom
Barbara Flynn Currie
John P. Daley
Vera Davis
James DeLeo
Marge Friedman
Charles A. Hartke
Tinker Harvey
Carolyn Brown Hodge
Constance A. Howard
Mary Lou Kearns
Michael J. Madigan
William Marovitz
Shirley McCombs
Molly McKenzie
Victory McNamara
John Nelson
Donald Pedro
Dan Pierce
Jerry Sinclair

References

"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
"County winners, 1836-2016".
"Voter Turnout". Illinois State Board of Elections.
"Election Results". Illinois State Board of Elections.
"Illinois Democrat Delegation 2000". The Green Papers.
"Illinois Republican Delegation 2000". The Green Papers.
"2000 Presidential General Election Data - Illinois. By Congressional District". US Election Atlas.
Sullivan, Robert David; [http://www.americamagazine.org/content/unconventional-wisdom/how-red-and-blue-map-evolved-over-past-century ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’]; ''America Magazine'' in ''The National Catholic Review''; June 29, 2016
"2000 Post-Election Timeline of Events".
"President Elect - 2000".

Info: Wikipedia Source

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