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1998 Philippine House of Representatives elections

18th Philippine House of Representatives elections

Field	Value
election_name	1998 Philippine House of Representatives elections
country	Philippines
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
previous_election	1995 Philippine House of Representatives elections
previous_year	1995
next_election	2001 Philippine House of Representatives elections
next_year	2001
seats_for_election	All 257 seats in the House of Representatives (including 38 underhang seats)
election_date	May 11, 1998
majority_seats	129
module	{{Infobox legislative election
embed	yes
election_name	Congressional district elections
seats_for_election	All 206 seats from congressional districts
noleader	yes
party1	Lakas–NUCD–UMDP
percentage1	49.01
last_election1	100
seats1	111
party2	Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino
percentage2	26.68
last_election2	0
seats2	55
party3	Liberal Party (Philippines)
percentage3	7.25
last_election3	5
seats3	15
party4	Nationalist People's Coalition
percentage4	4.08
last_election4	22
seats4	9
party5	Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma
percentage5	3.95
last_election5	0
seats5	4
party6	PROMDI
percentage6	2.40
last_election6	0
seats6	4
party7	Aksyon Demokratiko
percentage7	0.44
last_election7	0
seats7	1
party8	Others
percentage8	1.61
last_election8	0
seats8	5
party10	Independent
percentage10	3.42
last_election10	7
seats10	2
module	{{Infobox legislative election
embed	yes
election_name	Party-list election
seats_for_election	All 51 seats under the party-list system
noleader	yes
party1	APEC
percentage1	5.50
last_election1	0
seats1	2
party2	ABA
percentage2	3.51
last_election2	0
seats2	1
party3	Alagad
percentage3	3.41
last_election3	0
seats3	1
party4	VFP
percentage4	3.33
last_election4	0
seats4	1
party5	PROMDI
percentage5	2.79
last_election5	0
seats5	1
party6	AKO BAHAY
percentage6	2.61
last_election6	0
seats6	1
party7	SCFO
percentage7	2.60
last_election7	0
seats7	1
party8	Abanse! Pinay
percentage8	2.57
last_election8	0
seats8	1
party9	Akbayan
percentage9	2.54
last_election9	0
seats9	1
party10	Butil
percentage10	2.36
last_election10	0
seats10	1
party11	Sanlakas
percentage11	2.13
last_election11	0
seats11	1
party12	Coop-NATCCO
percentage12	2.07
last_election12	0
seats12	1
party13	COCOFED
percentage13	2.04
last_election13	0
seats13	1
title	Speaker
before_election	Jose de Venecia Jr.
before_party	Lakas-NUCD-UMDP
after_election	Manny Villar
after_party	Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino

Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 11, 1998. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Fidel V. Ramos' Lakas–NUCD–UMDP (Lakas), won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives. For the first time since the People Power Revolution, a party won majority of the seats in the House; Lakas had a seat over the majority. This is also the first Philippine elections that included the party-list system.

However, with Joseph Estrada of the opposition Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP; an electoral alliance between the Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), the NPC and the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP)) winning the presidential election, the majority of the elected Lakas congressmen switched sides to LAMMP. This led to Manuel Villar, Jr. (formerly of Lakas but became a LAMMP member prior to the election) on being elected as the Speaker of the House.

The elected representatives served in the 11th Congress from 1998 to 2001.

Electoral system

The House of Representatives shall have not more than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law, of which 20% shall be elected via the party-list system, while the rest are elected via congressional districts. This is the first time that there shall be a party-list election, after the passage of the Party-List System Act.

In this election, there are 206 seats voted via first-past-the-post in single-member districts. Each province, and a city with a population of 250,000, is guaranteed a seat, with more populous provinces and cities divided into two or more districts.

Congress has the power of redistricting three years after each census.

As there are 206 congressional districts, there shall be 51 seats available under the party-list system. According to the Party-List System Act, party is initially guaranteed a seat for every 2% of the vote, for up to three maximum seats.

Redistricting

Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment three years after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.

Three new districts were created, with one from Makati, a new district from the division of Kalinga-Apayao, which became Apayao and Kalinga, and a new district from the division of Las Piñas–Muntinlupa district.

Changes from the outgoing Congress

Division of Makati's at-large district to two districts
- Makati attains cityhood, and its western barangays becomes the 1st district.
- The eastern barangays becomes the 2nd district.
- Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 7854.
- Approved in a plebiscite on February 4, 1995.
Division of Kalinga-Apayao and its at-large district to Apayao and Kalinga provinces
- Apayao becomes a province and its own at-large district.
- Kalinga becomes a province and its own at-large district.
- Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 7878.
- Approved in a plebiscite on May 8, 1995.
Division of Las Piñas–Muntinlupa's at-large district to two districts
- Muntinlupa attains cityhood and becomes its own at-large district.
- Las Piñas becomes its own at-large district.
- Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 7928.
- Approved in a plebiscite on May 8, 1995.

Results

District elections

Party-list election

There were 52 seats for sectoral representatives that were contested. Each party has to get 2% of the national vote to win one seat; they would win an additional seat for every 2% of the vote, up to the maximum three seats. Only 14 party-list representatives were elected under this rule, leaving 38 unfilled seats. Eventually, the "2–4–6%" rule was ruled as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on October 6, 2000 on the case Veterans Federation Party, et. al. vs. COMELEC. Despite this ruling, no additional seats were awarded to any party-lists.

References

Bibliography

{{cite book
{{cite book

References

Quezon, Manuel III. (2007-06-06). "An abnormal return to normality". PCIJ.org.
"The Party-List System in the Philippines".
Tiongson-Mayrina, Karen. (2016-02-02). "Is 'piecemeal' redistricting a questionable process?". [[GMA News Online]].
Supreme Court. (October 6, 2000). "G.R. No. 136781".

Info: Wikipedia Source

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