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1991 Portuguese presidential election

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FieldValue
countryPortugal
typepresidential
previous_election1986 Portuguese presidential election
previous_year1986
next_election1996 Portuguese presidential election
next_year1996
election_date13 January 1991
turnout62.16% ( 13.23pp)
image1
candidate1**Mário Soares**
party1PS
{{Collapsible list
title
bulletsoff
popular_vote1**3,459,521**
percentage1**70.35%**
image2
candidate2Basílio Horta
party2CDS
{{Collapsible list
title
bulletsoff
popular_vote2696,379
percentage214.16%
image3
candidate3Carlos Carvalhas
party3PCP
{{Collapsible list
title
bulletsoff
popular_vote3635,373
percentage312.92%
map_image{{switcher
default1}}
map_size230px
map_caption
titlePresident
before_electionMário Soares
before_partySocialist Party (Portugal)
after_electionMário Soares
after_partySocialist Party (Portugal)

{{Collapsible list | PSD

{{Collapsible list | PPM

{{Collapsible list | PEV

|220px |Results by district |[[File:1991 Portuguese presidential election results by municipality.svg|220px]] |Results by municipality Soares Carvalhas

Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 13 January 1991.

The re-election of the hugely popular Mário Soares was never in doubt, specially after the then-ruling PSD, led by Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva announced its support. Therefore, the election held on 13 January 1991 was a landslide, and no second round was needed.

As the election of a left-wing candidate was assured, other left-wing parties, the Portuguese Communist Party and the People's Democratic Union, presented their own candidates. The communists presented Carlos Carvalhas, who had been Assistant General Secretary of the Party a year before (Álvaro Cunhal was the secretary-general). Carvalhas would later be elected secretary-general, in 1992.

On the right, as the Social Democratic Party supported Soares, the Democratic and Social Centre presented the only right-wing candidate, Basílio Horta.

Mário Soares achieved the majority of the votes in every district of the country, and 295 of the then 305 municipalities. His score was the biggest ever in a presidential election in Portugal.

Electoral system

Any Portuguese citizen over 35 years old has the opportunity to run for president. In order to do so it is necessary to gather between 7,500 and 15,000 signatures and submit them to the Portuguese Constitutional Court.

According to the Portuguese Constitution, to be elected, a candidate needs a majority of votes. If no candidate gets this majority there will take place a second round between the two most voted candidates.

Candidates

Official candidates

  • Mário Soares – incumbent President since 1986 and eligible for a second term, supported by the Socialist Party, and tacitly by the Social Democratic Party;
  • Basílio Horta – Minister in previous governments, supported by the Democratic and Social Centre;
  • Carlos Carvalhas – supported by the Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens";
  • Carlos Manuel Marques – supported by the People's Democratic Union.

Decided not to run

  • Adriano Moreira – former President of the Democratic and Social Centre (1986–1988);
  • Alberto João Jardim – incumbent President of the Regional Government of Madeira (1976–2015);
  • António Ramalho Eanes – former President of the Republic (1976–1986); former President of the Democratic Renewal Party (1986–1988);
  • Diogo Freitas do Amaral – incumbent President of the Democratic and Social Centre (1988–1992; 1974–1983); candidate in the previous presidential election;
  • Francisco Lucas Pires – former President of the Democratic and Social Centre (1983–1986);
  • Hermínio Martinho – former President of the Democratic Renewal Party (1985–1986; 1988–1990);
  • Nuno Krus Abecassis – former Mayor of Lisbon (1979–1989).

Campaign period

Party slogans

CandidateOriginal sloganEnglish translationRefs
Socialist Party (Portugal)}}"Mário Soares« Soares é fixe »"Soares is cool"
Basílio Horta« Um Homem às direitas »"An upright man"
Unitary Democratic Coalition}}"Carlos Carvalhas« Portugal pode ser melhor »"Portugal can be better"
Left Bloc (Portugal)}}"Carlos Manuel Marques« A coragem de ser solidário »"The courage to be supportive"

Candidates' debates

1991 Portuguese presidential election debatesDateOrganisersModerator(s)Present Absent invitee Non-inviteeSoaresHortaCarvalhasMarquesRefsSocialist Party (Portugal)}};"Unitary Democratic Coalition}};"Left Bloc (Portugal)}};"
21 Nov 1990RTP1Vicente Jorge Silva
Maria Elisa Domingues**P****A****P****P**
4 Dec 1990RTP1-**N****N****P****P**url=http://acomarcadearganil.cm-arganil.pt/#9604/9title = Página Principal}}
6 Dec 1990RTP1Mário Crespo**P****P****N****N**
11 Dec 1990RTP1-**P****N****P****N**
13 Dec 1990RTP1-**N****P****N****P**
19 Dec 1990RTP1-**P****N****N****P**
20 Dec 1990RTP1-**N****P****P****N**
21 Dec 1990RTP2Joaquim Furtado**P****P****P****P**

Opinion polls

Polling firmFieldwork dateSample
sizeLeadPSCDSPCPUDPSocialist Party (Portugal)}};"CDS – People's Party}};"Portuguese Communist Party}};"Left Bloc}};"
**Election results****13 Jan 1991****70.4**14.212.92.6**56.2**
[Euroexpansão](https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/presidenciais-91-parte-i/)13 Jan 1991**69.5–73.4**14.1–17.29.3–12.61.6–2.955.8

Results

National summary

Results by district

DistrictSoaresHortaCarvalhasMarquesTurnoutVotes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"
Aveiro; color:#000;"**250,336**; color:#000;"**77.27%**49,67515.33%17,8945.52%6,0651.87%64.36%
Azores; color:#000;"**75,530**; color:#000;"**80.66%**12,19213.02%3,6523.49%6,6856.39%51.79%
Beja; color:#000;"**48,694**; color:#000;"**54.06%**5,2935.88%33,79637.52%2,2942.55%60.34%
Braga; color:#000;"**287,287**; color:#000;"**77.49%**50,99113.75%26,2307.08%6,2101.68%66.41%
Bragança; color:#000;"**51,571**; color:#000;"**67.48%**19,37325.35%3,8695.06%1,6152.11%53.18%
Castelo Branco; color:#000;"**82,470**; color:#000;"**71.63%**18,62716.18%10,5939.20%3,4432.99%60.29%
Coimbra; color:#000;"**166,041**; color:#000;"**76.86%**26,41612.23%19,0848.83%4,4982.08%61.08%
Évora; color:#000;"**50,805**; color:#000;"**53.99%**7,7108.19%33,31335.40%2,2812.42%64.94%
Faro; color:#000;"**123,550**; color:#000;"**72.40%**21,33212.50%20,48112.00%5,2803.09%60.92%
Guarda; color:#000;"**69,632**; color:#000;"**71.33%**19,87420.36%5,8155.96%2,2932.35%58.23%
Leiria; color:#000;"**150,993**; color:#000;"**72.41%**38,01418.23%14,9697.18%4,5352.17%60.93%
Lisbon; color:#000;"**675,760**; color:#000;"**64.89%**156,42415.02%177,27517.02%31,8603.06%61.73%
Madeira; color:#000;"**70,632**; color:#000;"**67.22%**23,98122.91%3,6523.49%6,6856.39%57.98%
Portalegre; color:#000;"**48,170**; color:#000;"**64.25%**7,69310.26%17,27123.03%1,8442.46%66.26%
Porto; color:#000;"**627,195**; color:#000;"**76.50%**101,66512.40%75,5179.21%15,5361.89%65.39%
Santarém; color:#000;"**161,301**; color:#000;"**68.96%**30,93813.23%34,99614.96%6,6622.85%63.33%
Setúbal; color:#000;"**198,977**; color:#000;"**55.83%**29,9558.40%113,23231.77%14,2484.00%62.93%
Viana do Castelo; color:#000;"**92,312**; color:#000;"**75.26%**18,39715.00%9,2637.55%2,6932.20%59.35%
Vila Real; color:#000;"**84,358**; color:#000;"**75.05%**20,13917.92%5,7385.10%2,1741.93%54.63%
Viseu; color:#000;"**145,010**; color:#000;"**75.41%**33,94517.65%9,8695.13%3,4801.81%57.96%
Source: [SGMAI Presidential Election Results](https://www.sg.mai.gov.pt/AdministracaoEleitoral/EleicoesReferendos/PresidenciaRepublica/Paginas/default.aspx?FirstOpen=1)

Maps

File:Eleições presidenciais 1991.png|Strongest candidate by electoral district. File:Eleições presidenciais portuguesas de 1991 (Mapa).png|Strongest candidate by municipality.

Notes

References

References

  1. (1990-09-22). "Candidatos para as Presidenciais de 1991".
  2. (1990-09-10). "Candidatos às Presidenciais 1991".
  3. (7 September 1990). "Lucas Pires anuncia desistência da candidatura à Presidência". RTP.
  4. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público.
  5. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público.
  6. (6 May 1990). "Candidatura de Carlos Marques à Presidência da República". RTP.
  7. (21 November 1990). "Debate entre os candidatos à Presidência da República". RTP.
  8. "Página Principal".
  9. "Os debates".
  10. "Página Principal".
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