Surf Wiki
Save to docs
politics

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

1986 Portuguese presidential election

none

none

FieldValue
countryPortugal
typepresidential
previous_election1980 Portuguese presidential election
previous_year1980
next_election1991 Portuguese presidential election
next_year1991
election_date26 January 1986 (first round)
16 February 1986 (second round)
turnout75.39% (first round) 9.00pp
77.99% (second round)
image1
candidate1**Mário Soares**
party1Socialist Party (Portugal)
popular_vote1**3,010,756**
percentage1**51.18%**
image2
candidate2Diogo Freitas do
Amaral
party2CDS
{{Collapsible list
title
bulletsoff
popular_vote22,872,064
percentage248.82%
map{{switcher
default3}}
map_caption
titlePresident
before_electionAntónio Ramalho Eanes
before_partyIndependent (politician)
after_electionMário Soares
after_partySocialist Party (Portugal)

16 February 1986 (second round) 77.99% (second round) Amaral](diogo-freitas-do-amaral) {{Collapsible list | PSD | PDC |220px |First round results by district |[[File:1986 Portuguese presidential election 1st round results by municipality.svg|220px]] |First round results by municipality |220px |Second round results by district |[[File:1986 Portuguese presidential election 2nd round results by municipality.svg|220px]] |Second round results by municipality Soares Amaral Zenha

Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 26 January 1986, with a second round on 16 February.

This was closest presidential election ever held in Portugal and was won by the Socialist Mário Soares, who initially had no more than 8 percent in opinion polls.

The first round was easily won by Freitas do Amaral, supported by all the right-wing parties. Soares advanced to the second round by beating the other two left-wing candidates: the former Prime-Minister Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, the first woman to be a candidate for the Portuguese presidency, and Salgado Zenha (supported by outgoing president António Ramalho Eanes, founder of the short-lived Democratic Renewal Party, and by the Portuguese Communist Party, whose candidate, Ângelo Veloso, left the race some days before the poll). Both these candidates supported Soares in the second round.

In the first round, Soares did not achieve the majority of the votes in any district, as the left-wing strongholds in the south of Portugal voted for Zenha due to his support from the Communist Party.

As results for the second round were counted, the urban vote, traditionally more left-wing, overcame the early lead of Freitas do Amaral by fewer than 140,000 votes, and Soares became president on 9 March 1986, the first civilian to hold the post (not counting caretakers) in 60 years.

For 40 years this would be the only time a direct Portuguese presidential election was decided in a runoff, until 2026.

Electoral system

Any Portuguese citizen over 35 years old has the opportunity to run for president. In order to do so it is necessary to gather between 7,500 and 15,000 signatures and submit them to the Portuguese Constitutional Court.

According to the Portuguese Constitution, a candidate needs a majority of votes to become elected. If no candidate gets this majority a second round will take place between the two most voted candidates.

Candidates

Official candidates

  • Diogo Freitas do Amaral, interim Prime Minister between December 1980 and January 1981, leader of the Democratic and Social Centre between 1974 and 1983, supported by the Democratic and Social Centre and the Social Democratic Party;
  • Mário Soares, former Prime Minister between 1976-1978 and 1983-1985, leader of the Socialist Party between 1973 and 1985, supported by the Socialist Party;
  • Francisco Salgado Zenha, former Minister of Justice in Vasco Gonçalves governments, supported by the Portuguese Communist Party, Democratic Renewal Party and the Portuguese Democratic Movement;
  • Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, former Prime Minister between 1979 and 1980, supported by the Popular Democratic Union;
  • Ângelo Veloso, official candidate of the Portuguese Communist Party, left the race to support Salgado Zenha.

Unsuccessful candidacies

There were also three candidates rejected by the Portuguese Constitutional Court for not complying with the legal requirements:

  • Carmelinda Pereira;
  • Luís Carlos Franco;
  • Álvaro Manuel Nunes.

Withdrew

  • Manuel da Costa Braz, former Minister of Home Affairs between 1974-1975, 1976-1978 and 1979-1980, and also Ombudsman in 1976.

Declined

  • Mário Firmino Miguel, general officer, former Defense Minister in 1974 and between 1976 and 1978;
  • Daniel Proença de Carvalho, lawyer, former Minister of Social Communication between 1978 and 1979, RTP Chairman between 1980 and 1982. Later became campaign manager for Diogo Freitas do Amaral.

Campaign period

Issues

The 1986 presidential campaign was one of the most polarizing in Portugal's democratic history. The center-right/right-wing presented a unified candidate, Diogo Freitas do Amaral, while the center-left/left-wing was divided between three candidates: Soares, Salgado Zenha and Pintasilgo. Soares' unpopularity during his term as prime minister, between 1983 and 1985, when several austerity policies were inacted because of the IMF bailout leading to one of the worst social crises in Portuguese democracy, plus the long feud between Soares and the Portuguese Communist Party, created a deep divide on the left. Soares' candidacy was further damaged by divisions within the Socialist Party, with his longtime friend and party ally Francisco Salgado Zenha announcing his candidacy with the support of outgoing president António Ramalho Eanes, and later also with the support from the Communists. The tensions on the left side of the political spectrum reached a breaking point on 15 January 1986, when Soares was violently assaulted by Communist supporters in Marinha Grande, a moment that was seen as a turning point in favour of Soares.

On the first round, held on 26 January, Freitas and Soares advanced to a runoff. Soares' passage to the runoff created a dilemma for the Communist Party, taking into account the acrimonious relationship between both. Despite this background, the Communists decided to support Soares in the runoff, with party leader Álvaro Cunhal saying "if necessary, cover [Soares'] face on the ballot with one hand and vote with the other". Freitas' campaign used this support from the PCP to attack Soares, accusing him of contradicting himself by accepting the support of the Communists, while Soares accused Freitas of lack of political awareness before the 25 April 1974 revolution, pointing that Freitas "showed solidarity through silence" for the Estado Novo regime.

Party slogans

CandidateOriginal sloganEnglish translationRefs
Socialist Party (Portugal)}}"Mário Soares« O voto do Povo »
« Soares é fixe »"The vote of the People"
"Soares is cool"
Diogo Freitas do Amaral« Está na hora! »
« Prá Frente Portugal! »"It's time!"
"Go Forward Portugal!"
Francisco Salgado Zenha« Justiça e tolerância, confiança no futuro »"Justice and tolerance, confidence in the future"
Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo« A coragem da decisão »"The courage of the decision"

Candidates' debates

First round

1986 Portuguese presidential election debatesDateOrganisersModerator(s)Present Absent invitee Non-inviteeSoaresFreitasZenhaPintasilgoRefsSocialist Party (Portugal)}};"
17 Dec 1985RTP1Margarida Marante**N****P****P****N**
19 Dec 1985RTP1Miguel Sousa Tavares**P****N****N****P**
26 Dec 1985RTP1Miguel Sousa Tavares**N****P****N****P**
2 Jan 1986RTP1Miguel Sousa Tavares**P****N****P****N**
7 Jan 1986RTP1Margarida Marante**N****N****P****P**
9 Jan 1986RTP1Miguel Sousa Tavares**P****P****N****N**

Second round

1986 Portuguese presidential election debatesDateOrganisersModerator(s)Present Absent invitee Non-inviteeSoaresFreitasRefsSocialist Party (Portugal)}};"
4 Feb 1986RTP1Margarida Marante
Miguel Sousa Tavares**P****P**

Endorsements

First-round candidateFirst roundEndorsement
Francisco Salgado Zenha20.88%
Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo7.38%

Party endorsements in the second round

CandidatePartiesRef.
CDS – People's Party}};"Diogo Freitas do AmaralCDS – People's Party}};"
Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"PSD
Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Mário SoaresSocialist Party (Portugal)}};"
Portuguese Communist Party}};"PCP
Democratic Electoral Commission}};"MDP/CDE

Opinion polls

First round

Polling firmFieldwork dateSample
sizeOthLeadCDSPSInd.Ind.CDS – People's Party}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"
**Election results****26 Jan 1986****46.3**25.420.97.4CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"**20.9**
Ministry of Justice26 Jan 1986**46.8**25.121.17.0CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"21.7
[RTP](https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/presidenciais-86-parte-iii/)26 Jan 1986**43–46**24–2718–219–12CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"19
[Norma](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265821)30 Dec 1985–5 Jan 1986800**41.8**21.814.118.34.0CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"20.0
[ZAP](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265824)28–29 Dec 1985830**42.3**17.723.316.7CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"19.0
[Euroexpansão](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265816)27 Dec 1985–5 Jan 19862,237**42.5**21.515.021.0CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"21.0
[Norma](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265771)19–23 Dec 1985607**31.2**12.110.822.423.2CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"8.8
[Norma](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0247.055.pdf)23 Nov 1985?**38.7**8.316.322.813.9CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"15.9
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0247.053.pdf)26–27 Oct 1985430**29**172430CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"5
[Norma](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0247.053.pdf)9–17 Oct 198560422.819.6**35.7**21.912.9
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=03544.002#!3)10–16 May 1985598**33.4**12.924.129.7CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"9.3
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=03544.002#!57)Apr 1985?13.6**25.5**60.911.9
13.8**25.4**60.811.6
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)1–6 Feb 1985?118**27**5416
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=03544.002#!67)14–21 Jan 1985?11.11.7**25.0**62.611.1
9.93.7**26.4**60.013.2
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=03544.002#!85)13–21 Dec 1984?16.5**26.8**56.710.3
17.2**25.7**57.08.5
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)9–12 Nov 1984?13.0**23.6**63.410.6
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=03544.002#!85)Nov 1984?12.4**22.5**65.17.3
12.0**22.5**65.510.5
[Euroexpansão](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!5)19–25 Oct 19848169.414.62.6**21.5**51.96.9
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!26)4–15 Oct 1984?14.4**15.4**70.21.0
[Marktest](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!15)Oct 1984?12131**21**538
[Marktest](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!15)Sep 1984?10132**20**557
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!20)27 Aug–3 Sep 19846058.2**18.0**73.89.8
[Marktest](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!15)Aug 1984?11113**19**568
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!26)Jul 1984?10.3**22.3**67.412.0
[Marktest](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!15)Jul 1984?13123**23**4910
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!26)Jun 1984?12.4**22.0**65.69.6
[Marktest](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!15)8–15 Jun 1984?13112**24**5011
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!26)May 1984?13.8**26.2**60.012.4
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)Mar 1984?1210**20**428
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)4–7 Feb 1984?10.512.8**16.9**59.84.1
[Damião de Gois](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)Dec 1983–Feb 1984?13.812.6**22.2**51.48.4
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)Jan 1984?10.512.8**16.9**59.84.1

Second round

Polling firmFieldwork dateSample
sizeFreitasSoaresLeadCDSPSCDS – People's Party}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"
**Election results****16 Feb 1986**48.8**51.2**Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"**2.4**
[Ministry of Justice](https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/presidenciais-86-2a-volta-parte-iv/)16 Feb 198648.7**51.3**Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"2.6
[RTP](https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/presidenciais-86-2a-volta-parte-ii/)16 Feb 198648–50**50–52**Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"2
[Norma](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265724)1 Feb 1986?**52.6**47.4CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"5.2
[ZAP](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265824)28–29 Dec 1985830**60.3**39.7CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"20.6
[Euroexpansão](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265816)27 Dec 1985–5 Jan 19862,237**58.8**41.2CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"17.6
[Norma](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265771)19–23 Dec 1985607**58.7**41.3CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"17.4
name=Norma1}}10–16 May 1985598**66.7**33.3CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"33.4
name=Norma2}}Apr 1985?**50.9**49.1CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"1.8
Polling firmDate conductedSample
sizeOth/
UndLeadPSCDSInd.Ind.PSDInd.CDSSocialist Party (Portugal)}};"CDS – People's Party}};"Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"CDS – People's Party}};"
[ZAP](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265824)28–29 Dec 1985830**54.4**45.6CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"8.8
**55.1**44.9CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"10.2
[Euroexpansão](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265816)27 Dec 1985–5 Jan 19862,237**57.8**42.2Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"15.6
**52.7**47.3Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"5.4
**59.9**40.1CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"19.8
**52.7**47.3CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"5.4
44.3**55.7**11.4
[Norma](https://archeevo.amap.pt/descriptions/265771)19–23 Dec 1985607**31.7**28.839.5Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"2.9
30.2**38.3**31.58.1
**44.1**30.225.7CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"13.9
**40.4**39.420.2CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"1.0
18.4**37.5**44.119.1
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0247.053.pdf)26–27 Oct 198543035**39**264
[Norma](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0247.053.pdf)9–17 Oct 198560426.7**44.3**29.017.6
27.1**48.6**24.321.5
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=03544.002#!3)10–16 May 198559831.6**31.7**36.70.1
**41.2**33.625.2CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"7.6
[Norma](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=03544.002#!49)Apr 1985?21.1**31.0**47.99.9
23.2**23.6**53.2Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"0.4
**21.2**17.861.0Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"3.4
[Euroexpansão](http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=02768.025.002#!5)19–25 Oct 1984816**34.0**23.642.4Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;"10.4
27.9**31.8**40.3CDS – People's Party}}; color:white;"3.9
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)8–15 Jun 1984?35**43**228
[Marktest](https://www.arquivopintasilgo.pt/arquivopintasilgo/Documentos/0212.027.pdf)Mar 1984?24**45**3121

Results

National summary

Results by district

First round

DistrictFreitasSoaresZenhaPintasilgoTurnoutVotes%Votes%Votes%Votes%CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"
Aveiro; color:#000;"**200,008**; color:#000;"**57.00%**102,68429.26%30,8688.80%17,3454.94%76.06%
Azores; color:#000;"**61,274**; color:#000;"**58.57%**32,84126.23%8,2356.94%4,5863.87%61.50%
Beja22,64821.30%19,34718.19%**58,233****54.76%**6,1175.75%71.58%
Braga; color:#000;"**206,747**; color:#000;"**52.74%**112,26328.64%52,75113.46%20,2185.16%78.95%
Bragança; color:#000;"**60,868**; color:#000;"**66.02%**22,97224.92%6,1256.64%2,2342.42%66.29%
Castelo Branco; color:#000;"**72,295**; color:#000;"**53.00%**31,81223.32%24,67118.09%7,6385.60%72.77%
Coimbra; color:#000;"**113,913**; color:#000;"**46.12%**78,89432.23%33,42913.66%19,5707.99%71.39%
Évora31,61327.71%15,73413.79%**60,061****52.65%**6,6655.84%78.88%
Faro; color:#000;"**77,570**; color:#000;"**40.57%**51,41026.89%48,56425.40%13.6447.14%73.25%
Guarda; color:#000;"**71,902**; color:#000;"**62.94%**29,62525.93%9,0077.88%3,7043.24%69.85%
Leiria; color:#000;"**145,554**; color:#000;"**60.26%**55,65323.04%26,81611.10%13,5255.60%74.48%
Lisbon; color:#000;"**512,158**; color:#000;"**39.91%**296,39523.09%338,47026.37%136,39710.63%78.45%
Madeira; color:#000;"**74,688**; color:#000;"**62.96%**31,12326.23%8,2356.94%4,5863.87%69.34%
Portalegre28,96132.42%22,02424.66%**33,137****37.10%**5,1965.82%78.05%
Porto; color:#000;"**413,407**; color:#000;"**45.17%**284,25031.06%152,91916.71%64,5667.06%79.05%
Santarém; color:#000;"**117,657**; color:#000;"**43.10%**61,66122.59%68,13324.96%25,5229.35%75.99%
Setúbal104,12225.23%72,11617.47%**187,907****45.53%**48,60011.77%79.07%
Viana do Castelo; color:#000;"**81,815**; color:#000;"**58.92%**32,86923.64%14,70210.59%9,5066.85%72.01%
Vila Real; color:#000;"**84,459**; color:#000;"**63.73%**35,05026.45%9,3627.06%3,6552.76%68.59%
Viseu; color:#000;"**147,519**; color:#000;"**66.20%**54,34424.39%14,3786.45%6,5842.95%70.18%
Source: [SGMAI Presidential Election Results](https://www.sg.mai.gov.pt/AdministracaoEleitoral/EleicoesReferendos/PresidenciaRepublica/Paginas/default.aspx?FirstOpen=1)

Second round

DistrictSoaresFreitasTurnoutVotes%Votes%CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"CDS – People's Party}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"CDS – People's Party}};"
Aveiro152,47241.21%; color:#000;"**217,352**; color:#000;"**58.79%**79.95%
Azores44,46440.55%; color:#000;"**65,177**; color:#000;"**59.45%**79.95%
Beja; color:#000;"**82,278**; color:#000;"**75.98%**26,01524.02%72.76%
Braga190,74646.42%; color:#000;"**220,150**; color:#000;"**53.58%**82.77%
Bragança32,19632.28%; color:#000;"**67,531**; color:#000;"**67.72%**72.40%
Castelo Branco65,98645.66%; color:#000;"**78,534**; color:#000;"**54.34%**76.37%
Coimbra; color:#000;"**137,735**; color:#000;"**52.79%**123,19247.21%76.01%
Évora; color:#000;"**79,552**; color:#000;"**69.49%**34,92030.51%79.37%
Faro; color:#000;"**113,089**; color:#000;"**56.81%**85,96143.19%75.50%
Guarda44,18736.10%; color:#000;"**78,217**; color:#000;"**63.90%**74.93%
Leiria94,79137.29%; color:#000;"**159,401**; color:#000;"**62.71%**78.16%
Lisbon; color:#000;"**736,144**; color:#000;"**56.74%**561,18943.26%79.26%
Madeira47,77637.31%; color:#000;"**80,290**; color:#000;"**62.69%**74.22%
Portalegre; color:#000;"**59,550**; color:#000;"**65.25%**31,71234.75%79.68%
Porto; color:#000;"**510,335**; color:#000;"**53.53%**443,05046.47%82.24%
Santarém; color:#000;"**153,084**; color:#000;"**54.33%**128,67545.67%77.95%
Setúbal; color:#000;"**289,199**; color:#000;"**70.88%**118,79029.12%78.44%
Viana do Castelo56,17638.41%; color:#000;"**90,094**; color:#000;"**61.59%**75.33%
Vila Real49,21034.72%; color:#000;"**92,505**; color:#000;"**65.28%**73.05%
Viseu76,38032.07%; color:#000;"**161,793**; color:#000;"**67.93%**75.15%
Source: [SGMAI Presidential Election Results](https://www.sg.mai.gov.pt/AdministracaoEleitoral/EleicoesReferendos/PresidenciaRepublica/Paginas/default.aspx?FirstOpen=1)

Maps

Eleições presidenciais 1986 Portugal - primeira volta.png|Most voted candidate by district - 1st Round. Eleições presidenciais 1986 Portugal - segunda volta.png|Most voted candidate by district - 2nd Round. Eleições presidenciais portuguesas de 1986 (1.ª Volta).png|Strongest candidate by municipality - 1st Round. Eleições presidenciais portuguesas de 1986 (2.ª Volta).png|Strongest candidate by municipality - 2nd Round.

Notes

| Results presented here exclude undecideds (31.2%). With their inclusion results are: Freitas do Amaral: 40.4%; Mário Soares: 28.4%;

| Results presented here exclude undecideds (37.0%). With their inclusion results are: Freitas do Amaral: 42.0%; Mário Soares: 21.0%;

| Results presented here exclude undecideds (54.2%). With their inclusion results are: Freitas do Amaral: 23.3%; Mário Soares: 22.5%;

References

References

  1. (7 January 2017). "Mário Soares. O Presidente dos 8% até aos 70% e a unanimidade nacional". Sol.
  2. (19 January 2026). "Segunda volta histórica entre Seguro e Ventura repete cenário de há 40 anos com quadro político inverso". SIC Notícias.
  3. "Presidenciais 86: Debate Mário Soares vs Salgado Zenha – Parte I". RTP.
  4. (23 December 1985). "Cinco para Belém". Diário de Lisboa.
  5. "Carta sobre o interesse da União Democrática Popular (UDP) na vitória presidencial de Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, oferecendo o seu esforço e colaboração para ampliar a sua candidatura presidencial.".
  6. (9 January 2026). "A história é cíclica. 40 anos depois, Portugal está a caminho de uma segunda volta?". Sapo.
  7. (1 January 2026). "A Duas Voltas: Mário Soares e as Presidenciais de 1986 Ep. 1". RTP Play.
  8. "Daniel Proença de Carvalho". Infopédia Porto Editora.
  9. (14 July 2023). "1986: um país dividido ao meio na campanha para as presidenciais". Expresso.
  10. (4 October 2025). "Um candidato improvável à direita, três à esquerda. A história da "eleição mais louca de sempre"". Observador.
  11. (7 January 2017). "Soares, primeiro-ministro". SIC Notícias.
  12. (7 January 2017). "A vida de Soares, parte III. O feroz combate contra o PCP". Observador.
  13. (18 October 2025). "Soares e Zenha. A luta entre irmãos que mudou para sempre a esquerda". Observador.
  14. (27 September 2015). "“A paulada é que me dói mais”". Expresso.
  15. (16 November 2025). "Únicas presidenciais com segunda volta foram em 1986 entre Freitas e Soares". Jornal de Notícias.
  16. (15 January 2026). "A história dos 21 dias do “menor de dois males”". Expresso.
  17. (4 January 2026). "A Duas Voltas: Mário Soares e as Presidenciais de 1986 Ep. 4". RTP Play.
  18. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público.
  19. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público.
  20. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público.
  21. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público.
  22. (18 December 1985). "Primeiro frente a frente entre Zenha Freitas". Diário de Lisboa.
  23. (19 December 1985). "Programação RTP". Diário de Lisboa.
  24. (26 December 1985). "Programação RTP". Diário de Lisboa.
  25. (3 January 1986). "Nenhum foi surpreendido". Diário de Lisboa.
  26. (7 January 1986). "Programação RTP". Diário de Lisboa.
  27. (9 January 1986). "Programação RTP". Diário de Lisboa.
  28. (4 February 1986). "Presidenciais 86, 2ª Volta: Debate Mário Soares vs Freitas do Amaral – Parte I". RTP Arquivos.
  29. (2025-10-18). "Soares e Zenha. A luta entre irmãos que mudou para sempre a esquerda".
  30. (1986-01-26). "Presidenciais 86 – Parte VI".
  31. (2026-01-24). "Campanha Presidencial Mário Soares 1986".
  32. [[Ângelo Veloso]] ([[Portuguese Communist Party. PCP]]): 4.0%
  33. Manuel Costa Brás ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 2%; Others/Undecided: 28%
  34. Candidate supported by [[António Ramalho Eanes. Eanes]]: 2.8%; Others/Undecided: 19.1%
  35. [[Alberto João Jardim]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 13.0%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 9.2%; Others/Undecided: 38.7%
  36. [[Francisco Lucas Pires]] ([[CDS – People's Party. CDS]]): 10.6%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 10.5%; [[Adelino da Palma Carlos]] ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 3.6%; Others/Undecided: 36.1%
  37. [[Francisco Lucas Pires]] ([[CDS – People's Party. CDS]]): 13.9%; [[Francisco Pinto Balsemão]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 3.3%; Others/Undecided: 45.1%
  38. [[Alberto João Jardim]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 13.2%; Others/Undecided: 46.8%
  39. [[Alberto João Jardim]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 13.2%; [[Álvaro Cunhal]] ([[Portuguese Communist Party. PCP]]): 3.4%; Others/Undecided: 40.1%
  40. [[Francisco Pinto Balsemão]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 7.1%; [[Francisco Lucas Pires]] ([[CDS – People's Party. CDS]]): 5.4%; [[Álvaro Cunhal]] ([[Portuguese Communist Party. PCP]]): 3.9%; Others/Undecided: 40.6%
  41. [[Alberto João Jardim]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 15.2%; [[Álvaro Cunhal]] ([[Portuguese Communist Party. PCP]]): 7.4%; Others/Undecided: 42.5%
  42. [[Álvaro Cunhal]] ([[Portuguese Communist Party. PCP]]): 7.7%; [[Francisco Lucas Pires]] ([[CDS – People's Party. CDS]]): 7.2%; [[Francisco Pinto Balsemão]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 4.2%; Others/Undecided: 39.2%
  43. [[Alberto João Jardim]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 6.8%; [[Francisco Lucas Pires]] ([[CDS – People's Party. CDS]]): 6.6%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 6.0%; [[Francisco Pinto Balsemão]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 4.2%; [[Carlos Brito (Portuguese politician). Carlos Brito]] ([[Portuguese Communist Party. PCP]]): 2.9%; Others/Undecided: 25.4%
  44. [[Francisco Lucas Pires]] ([[CDS – People's Party. CDS]]): 9.8%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 6.7%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 4.6%; [[Alberto Franco Nogueira]] ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 2.2%; Manuel Costa Braz ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1.5%; Others/Undecided: 45.7%
  45. [[João Bosco Mota Amaral]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 9%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 7%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 3%; Amadeu Garcia dos Santos ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1%; [[Vasco de Almeida e Costa. Vasco Almeida e Costa]] ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 0%; Others/Undecided: 33%
  46. [[João Bosco Mota Amaral]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 9%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 5%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 3%; Amadeu Garcia dos Santos ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1%; [[Vasco de Almeida e Costa. Vasco Almeida e Costa]] ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 0%; Others/Undecided: 39%
  47. [[Francisco Lucas Pires]] ([[CDS – People's Party. CDS]]): 6.2%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 5.4%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 5.1%; Manuel Costa Braz ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 0.7%; Others/Undecided: 56.3%
  48. [[João Bosco Mota Amaral]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 10%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 4%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 2%; Amadeu Garcia dos Santos ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1%; [[Vasco de Almeida e Costa. Vasco Almeida e Costa]] ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 0%; Others/Undecided: 38%
  49. Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 4.4%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 3.4%; Others/Undecided: 49.7%
  50. [[João Bosco Mota Amaral]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 10%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 4%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 1%; Amadeu Garcia dos Santos ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1%; [[Vasco de Almeida e Costa. Vasco Almeida e Costa]] ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 0%; Others/Undecided: 32%
  51. [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 8.7%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 5.8%; Manuel Costa Braz ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1.0%; Others/Undecided: 36.0%
  52. [[João Bosco Mota Amaral]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 11%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 4%; [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 2%; Amadeu Garcia dos Santos ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1%; [[Vasco de Almeida e Costa. Vasco Almeida e Costa]] ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 0%; Others/Undecided: 33%
  53. [[Carlos Mota Pinto]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Portugal). PSD]]): 8.2%; Mário Firmino Miguel ([[Independent politician. Ind.]]): 1.3%; Others/Undecided: 34.0%
  54. (14 February 1986). "Mapa oficial. D.R. n.º 37, Série I de 1986-02-14". Diário da República.
  55. (7 March 1986). "Mapa oficial. D.R. n.º 55, Série I de 1983-05-26". Diário da República.
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

presidential-elections-in-portugal 1986-elections-in-portugal january-1986-in-europe february-1986-in-europe
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about 1986 Portuguese presidential election — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report