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1987 West German federal election
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| country | West Germany |
| type | parliamentary |
| previous_election | 1983 West German federal election |
| previous_year | 1983 |
| election_date | |
| next_election | 1990 German federal election |
| next_year | 1990 |
| (reunification) | |
| outgoing_members | List of members of the 10th Bundestag |
| elected_members | List of members of the 11th Bundestag |
| seats_for_election | All 497 seats in the Bundestag |
| majority_seats | 249 |
| registered | 45,327,982 2.8% |
| turnout | 38,225,294 (84.3%) 4.8 pp |
| image1 | |
| candidate1 | Helmut Kohl |
| party1 | CDU/CSU |
| last_election1 | 48.8%, 244 seats |
| seats1 | **223** |
| seat_change1 | 21 |
| popular_vote1 | **16,761,572** |
| percentage1 | **44.3%** |
| swing1 | 4.5 pp |
| image2 | |
| candidate2 | Johannes Rau |
| party2 | Social Democratic Party of Germany |
| last_election2 | 38.2%, 193 seats |
| seats2 | 186 |
| seat_change2 | 7 |
| popular_vote2 | 14,025,763 |
| percentage2 | 37.0% |
| swing2 | 1.2 pp |
| image4 | |
| candidate4 | Martin Bangemann |
| party4 | Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
| last_election4 | 6.9%, 34 seats |
| seats4 | 46 |
| seat_change4 | 12 |
| popular_vote4 | 3,440,911 |
| percentage4 | 9.1% |
| swing4 | 2.2 pp |
| image5 | |
| candidate5 | Petra Kelly |
| party5 | Alliance 90/The Greens |
| last_election5 | 5.6%, 27 seats |
| seats5 | 42 |
| seat_change5 | 15 |
| popular_vote5 | 3,126,256 |
| percentage5 | 8.3% |
| swing5 | 2.7 pp |
| map_image | 1987 West German federal election.svg |
| map_size | 325px |
| map_caption | The left side shows constituency winners of the election by their party colours. The right side shows party list winners of the election for the additional members by their party colours. |
| title | Government |
| before_election | Second Kohl cabinet |
| before_party | CDU/CSU-FDP |
| posttitle | Government after election |
| after_election | Third Kohl cabinet |
| after_party | CDU/CSU-FDP |
(reunification)
A federal election was held in West Germany on 25 January 1987 to elect the members of the 11th Bundestag. This was the last federal election held in West Germany before German reunification.
Issues and campaign
The SPD nominated Johannes Rau, their vice chairman and the Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia, as their candidate for Chancellor. However, the SPD suffered from internal divisions and competition with the Greens. It was also unclear as to how they would form a government, as the Greens were divided over whether to take part in governments.
One of the major issues in this election was the environment, after the Chernobyl disaster and other accidents.
Results
Results by state
Constituency seats
| State | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| seats | Seats won | CDU | SPD | CSU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" | Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};" | Baden-Württemberg | 37 | Bavaria | 45 | Bremen | 3 | Hamburg | 7 | Hesse | 22 | Lower Saxony | 31 | North Rhine-Westphalia | 71 | Rhineland-Palatinate | 16 | Saarland | 5 | Schleswig-Holstein | 11 | Total | 248 | 124 | 79 | 45 | |||
| 36 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 33 | 38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 3 |
List seats
| State | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| seats | Seats won | SPD | CDU | FDP | Grüne | CSU | Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" | Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" | Alliance 90/The Greens}};" | Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};" | Baden-Württemberg | 37 | Bavaria | 42 | Bremen | 4 | Hamburg | 7 | Hesse | 23 | Lower Saxony | 32 | North Rhine-Westphalia | 72 | Rhineland-Palatinate | 16 | Saarland | 5 | Schleswig-Holstein | 11 | Total | 249 | 107 | 50 | 46 | 42 | 4 | |||||
| 21 | 9 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | 7 | 7 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 5 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | 8 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | 25 | 12 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Aftermath
The coalition between the CDU/CSU and the FDP returned to government, with Helmut Kohl as Chancellor. The Greens came into parliament for the second time and seemed to be established on federal level.
Co-option of East German Volkskammer after reunification
In order to determine the composition of the East German representatives in the Bundestag between German reunification and the first post-reunification elections in December 1990, the results of the 1990 East German general election were recounted, using the new states of Germany as constituencies. This was possible since the original election results were declared on the Kreis level, and the states were re-established by simply amalgamating Kreise together. The results in each Kreis forming a state were summed up to determine the statewide result. The recount fixed the number of Volkskammer members from each party who would be co-opted into the Bundestag elected in 1987. The 22 Non-voting representatives of West Berlin already became full voting members on 8 June 1990, in advance of unification.
Co-optation results
Seats
| State | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| seats | Seats won | CDU | SPD | PDS | FDP | DSU | B90/G | VL | Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" | Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)}};" | Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" | German Social Union (East Germany)}};" | Alliance 90/The Greens}};" | Brandenburg | Berlin | Total | East | West | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Saxony | Saxony-Anhalt | Thuringia | Total (East Germany Only) | 144 | 63 | 33 | 23 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 1 | Total (Including West Berlin) | 166 | 74 | 40 | 23 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 1 | ||||||
| 22 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 33 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 43 | 20 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Notes
References
Sources
References
- Pulzer, Peter. (1987). "The west German federal election of 25 January 1987". Electoral Studies.
- [https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/bovkBundestag.htm Mandatsverteilung der ehemaligen Volkskammerabgeordneten im XI. Bundestag am 03.10.1990] {{Webarchive. link. (2022-10-03 Wahlen in Deutschland)
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