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1987 Italian general election

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Field	Value
country	Italy
type	parliamentary
previous_election	1983 Italian general election
previous_year	1983
outgoing_members	Legislature IX of Italy
next_election	1992 Italian general election
next_year	1992
elected_members	Legislature X of Italy
seats_for_election	All 630 seats in the Chamber of Deputies316 seats needed for a majorityAll 315 elective seats in the Senate163 seats needed for a majority
election_date	14–15 June 1987
registered	45,692,417 (C)38,951,485 (S)
turnout	40,586,573 (C)88.8% (0.8 pp)
34,421,230 (S)88.4% (0.4 pp)
image1
leader1	Ciriaco De Mita
party1	Christian Democracy (Italy)
leaders_seat1	Benevento (C)
leader_since1	5 May 1982
seats1	234 (C) / 125 (S)
seat_change1	9 (C) / 5 (S)
popular_vote1	13,241,188 (C)
10,897,036 (S)
percentage1	34.3% (C)
33.6% (S)
swing1	1.4 pp (C)
1.2 pp (S)
image2
leader2	Alessandro Natta
party2	Italian Communist Party
leaders_seat2	Genoa (C)
leader_since2	26 June 1984
seats2	177 (C) / 101 (S)
seat_change2	21 (C) / 6 (S)
popular_vote2	10,254,591 (C)
9,181,579 (S)
percentage2	26.6% (C)
28.3% (S)
swing2	3.3 pp (C)
2.5 pp (S)
image3
leader3	Bettino Craxi
leader_since3	15 July 1976
party3	Italian Socialist Party
leaders_seat3	Milan (C)
seats3	94 (C) / 36 (S)
seat_change3	21 (C) / 2 (S)
popular_vote3	5,505,690 (C)
3,535,457 (S)
percentage3	14.3% (C)
10.9% (S)
swing3	2.9 pp (C)
0.5 pp (S)
image4
leader4	Giorgio Almirante
leader_since4	29 June 1969
party4	Italian Social Movement
leaders_seat4	Rome (C)
seats4	35 (C) / 16 (S)
seat_change4	7 (C) / 2 (S)
popular_vote4	2,281,126 (C)
2,121,026 (S)
percentage4	5.9% (C)
6.5% (S)
swing4	0.9 pp (C)
0.8 pp (S)
image5
leader5	Giovanni Spadolini
leader_since5	23 September 1979
party5	Italian Republican Party
leaders_seat5	Milan (S)
seats5	21 (C) / 8 (S)
seat_change5	8 (C) / 2 (S)
popular_vote5	1,428,663 (C)
1,248,641 (S)
percentage5	3.7% (C)
3.9% (S)
swing5	1.4 pp (C)
0.8 pp (S)
image6
leader6	Franco Nicolazzi
leader_since6	6 October 1985
party6	Italian Democratic Socialist Party
leaders_seat6	Rome (C)
seats6	17 (C) / 5 (S)
seat_change6	6 (C) / 3 (S)
popular_vote6	1,140,209 (C)
764,370 (S)
percentage6	3.0% (C)
2.4% (S)
swing6	1.1 pp (C)
1.5 pp (S)
map	{{Switcher
title	Prime Minister
before_election	Amintore Fanfani
before_party	DC
posttitle	Prime Minister after the election
after_election	Giovanni Goria
after_party	DC

34,421,230 (S)88.4% (0.4 pp)

10,897,036 (S) 33.6% (S) 1.2 pp (S)

9,181,579 (S) 28.3% (S) 2.5 pp (S)

3,535,457 (S) 10.9% (S) 0.5 pp (S)

2,121,026 (S) 6.5% (S) 0.8 pp (S)

1,248,641 (S) 3.9% (S) 0.8 pp (S)

General elections were held in Italy on 14–15 June 1987. This election was the first Italian election in which the distance between the Christian Democrats and the Communists grew significantly instead of decreasing. Two parties that had not previously been in parliament won representation: the Greens with thirteen seats, and the Northern League with two.

Electoral system

The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At the constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at the national level, where they was divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.

For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had risen to 315 members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected, a goal which could be reached only by the German minorities in South Tirol. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected.

Historical background

In the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by non-Christian Democrat Premiers: the republican Giovanni Spadolini and the socialist Bettino Craxi; the Christian Democracy remained however the main force supporting the government.

With the end of the Years of Lead, the Italian Communist Party gradually increased their votes under the leadership of Enrico Berlinguer. The Socialist party (PSI), led by Craxi, became more and more critical of the communists and of the Soviet Union; Craxi himself pushed in favour of US president Ronald Reagan's positioning of Pershing II missiles in Italy, a move the communists hotly contested.

In June 1984 Berlinguer, the charismatic Communist leader, suddenly left the stage during a speech at a public meeting in Padua: he had suffered a brain haemorrhage, and died three days later. More than a million citizens attended his funeral, one of the biggest in Italy's history. Alessandro Natta was appointed as new party's secretary. The public emotion caused by Berlinguer's death resulted in an extraordinary strength for the Communist Party in the 1984 European election: for the first time in Western Europe since the French election of 1956, and for the first time ever in Italian history, a Communist party received a plurality by a democratic vote.

In 1984, the Craxi government revised the 1927 Lateran Pacts with the Vatican, which concluded the role of Catholicism as Italy's state religion.

During this period, Italy became the fifth-largest industrial nation and gained entry into the G7.

Parties and leaders

Party	Leader	Seats in 1983	C
Christian Democracy (Italy)}}"	Christian Democracy (DC)	Christian democracy	Ciriaco De Mita
Italian Communist Party}}"	Italian Communist Party (PCI)	Eurocommunism	Alessandro Natta
Italian Socialist Party}}"	Italian Socialist Party (PSI)	Social democracy	Bettino Craxi
Italian Social Movement}}"	Italian Social Movement (MSI)	Neo-fascism	Giorgio Almirante
Italian Republican Party}}"	Italian Republican Party (PRI)	Republicanism	Giovanni Spadolini
Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}"	Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI)	Social democracy	Franco Nicolazzi
Italian Liberal Party}}"	Italian Liberal Party (PLI)	Liberalism	Renato Altissimo
Radical Party (Italy)}}"	Radical Party (PR)	Radicalism	Marco Pannella
Proletarian Democracy}}"	Proletarian Democracy (DP)	Trotskyism	Mario Capanna
Federation of the Greens}}"	Federation of Green Lists (FLV)	Green politics	Gianni Francesco Mattioli

Results

Chamber of Deputies

Results by constituency

Constituency	Total
seats	Seats won	DC	PCI	PSI	MSI	PRI	PSDI	PR	FLV	PLI	DP	Others	Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"	Italian Communist Party}};"	Italian Socialist Party}};"	Italian Social Movement}};;"	Italian Republican Party}};;"	Italian Democratic Socialist Party}};"	Radical Party (Italy)}};;"	Federation of the Greens}};;"	Italian Liberal Party}};;"	Proletarian Democracy}};;"	Others}};;"	Turin	34	Cuneo	14	Genoa	21	Milan	48	Como	20	Brescia	21	Mantua	7	Trentino	10	Verona	30	Venice	16	Udine	13	Bologna	26	Parma	20	Florence	14	Pisa	14	Siena	9	Ancona	16	Perugia	12	Rome	54	L'Aquila	15	Campobasso	4	Naples	42	Benevento	19	Bari	25	Lecce	20	Potenza	7	Catanzaro	22	Catania	28	Palermo	27	Cagliari	18	Aosta Valley	1	Trieste	3	Total	630	234	177	94	35	21	17	13	13	11	8	7
9	10	5	2	2	1	2	1	1	1
6	3	2		1	1			1
6	7	3	1	1		1	1	1
14	13	9	2	2	1	2	2	1	2
7	4	4	1	1			1	1		1
10	4	3	1	1			1		1
3	3	1
3	1	1	1				1			3
14	5	4	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
7	4	3				1	1
5	3	3	1		1
6	12	3	1	2		1	1
6	9	3	1				1
4	8	2
5	6	2	1
3	5	1
6	6	2	1	1
4	5	2	1
19	14	7	4	2	2	2	2	1	1
7	4	2	1		1
3	1
17	10	6	3	1	2	1		1	1
9	4	3	1	1	1
10	6	4	2	1	1			1
8	5	3	2	1	1
4	2	1
9	6	4	1	1	1
11	6	4	3	1	1	1		1
11	5	4	2	1	1	1		1	1
7	5	2	1		1					2
										1
1	1	1

Senate of the Republic

Results by constituency

Constituency	Total
seats	Seats won	DC	PCI	PSI	MSI	PSI–PSDI–PR	PRI	PSDI	PLI	PR	FLV	DP	Others	Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"	Italian Communist Party}};"	Italian Socialist Party}};"	Italian Social Movement}};"	Pentapartito}};;"	Italian Republican Party}};;"	Italian Democratic Socialist Party}};;"	Italian Liberal Party}};;"	Radical Party (Italy)}};;"	Federation of the Greens}};;"	Proletarian Democracy}};;"	Others}};;"	Piedmont	24	Aosta Valley	1	Lombardy	48	Trentino-Alto Adige	7	Veneto	23	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	7	Liguria	10	Emilia-Romagna	21	Tuscany	19	Umbria	7	Marche	8	Lazio	27	Abruzzo	7	Molise	2	Campania	30	Apulia	21	Basilicata	7	Calabria	11	Sicily	26	Sardinia	9	Total	315	125	101	36	16	9	8	5	3	3	1	1	7
8	8	3	1		1	1	1	1
											1
18	12	8	2		2	1	1	1	1	1	1
3	1										3
13	5	4	1
3	2	2
4	4			2
6	11			3	1
6	10		1	2
2	4	1
3	4	1
10	9	4	2		1			1
4	2	1
2
13	8	4	3		1	1
8	6	3	2		1	1
4	2	1
4	4		1	2
10	6	4	3		1	1	1
4	3										2

References

[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1048 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
Hine, David. (1987-12-01). "The Italian general election of 1987". Electoral Studies.

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