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1975 Ontario general election

Canadian provincial election

Field	Value
election_name	1975 Ontario general election
country	Ontario
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
party_colour	no
party_name	no
previous_election	1971 Ontario general election
previous_year	1971
previous_mps	29th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
next_election	1977 Ontario general election
next_year	1977
elected_mps	30th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
seats_for_election	125 seats in the [30th Legislative Assembly of Ontario](30th-legislative-assembly-of-ontario)
63 seats were needed for a majority
election_date	September 18, 1975
image1	[[File:William Davis Empire Club (cropped).jpg	160x160px]]
colour1
leader1	Bill Davis
leader_since1	[February 12, 1971](1971-progressive-conservative-party-of-ontario-leadership-election)
party1
leaders_seat1	Brampton
last_election1	78
seats1	51
seat_change1	27
popular_vote1	1,192,592
percentage1	36.07%
swing1	8.43pp
image2	[[File:Stephen Lewis circa 1963.jpg	160x160px]]
colour2
leader2	Stephen Lewis
leader_since2	October 4, 1970
party2
leaders_seat2	Scarborough West
last_election2	19
seats2	38
seat_change2	19
popular_vote2	956,904
percentage2	28.94%
swing2	1.79pp
image3	[[File:Robert Nixon-c1971 (3x4).jpg	Robert Nixon-c1971	160x160px]]
colour3
leader3	Robert Nixon
leader_since3	January 6, 1967
party3
leaders_seat3	Brant—Oxford—Norfolk
last_election3	20
seats3	36
seat_change3	16
popular_vote3	1,125,615
percentage3	34.04%
swing3	6.29pp
map_image	Oleg75.png
map_size	250px
title	Premier
posttitle	Premier after election
before_election	Bill Davis
before_party
after_election	Bill Davis
after_party

63 seats were needed for a majority The 1975 Ontario general election was held on September 18, 1975, to elect the 125 members of the 30th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or "MPPs") of the Province of Ontario, Canada.

The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by Bill Davis and campaigning under the slogan, "Your Future. Your choice.", won a tenth consecutive term in office but lost its majority in the legislature for the first time since the 1945 election. The PC party lost 27 seats from its result in the previous election.

The social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Stephen Lewis with the slogan "Tomorrow starts today", doubled its representation in the legislature, and became the Official Opposition on the strength of a campaign which called for rent control in Ontario and highlighted horror stories of individuals victimized by bad landlords who imposed exorbitant rent increases. The campaign forced Davis' Tories to promise to implement rent controls shortly before the election.

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Robert Nixon, won 16 additional seats, but lost the role of Official Opposition to the NDP. One member of its caucus was elected as a Liberal-Labour candidate.

Expansion of Legislative Assembly

An Act passed in May 1975 provided for an increase from 117 to 125 MPPs in the next Assembly:

Abolished ridings	New ridings	Drawn from parts of other ridings	Reorganization of ridings	Division of ridings	Renaming of ridings	Consequential renaming of ridings on the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham

Campaign

Candidates	Total
align="center"	PC	align="center"	Lib
3	66
4	41
5	15
6	2
7	1
Total	125

Among the independent candidates, there were 12 from the Social Credit League of Ontario who were not officially recognized as such as the party did not qualify for official party status under the Election Finances Reform Act, 1975.

Opinion polls

Polling firm	Last day
of survey	Source	PCO	ONDP	OLP	Other	ME	Sample	CA	PC}};" data-sort-type="number"	CA	NDP}};" data-sort-type="number"	CA	Liberal}};" data-sort-type="number"	CA	Indépendant}};" data-sort-type="number"
Election 1975	September 18, 1975		36.07	28.94	34.04	0.95
	March 1975		30		42
[Election 1971](1971-ontario-general-election)	June 9, 1977		44.5	27.1	27.8	0.6

Results

Summary

Main article: Results of the 1975 Ontario general election by riding

|- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MPPs ! colspan=4 | Votes |- ! Candidates 1971 !1975 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) | 125 || 78 || 51 || 27 || 1,192,592 || 272,721 || 36.07% || 8.43 | 125 || 19 || 38 || 19 || 956,904 || 63,025 || 28.94% || 1.79 | 123 || 20 || 35 || 15 || 1,125,615 || 211,873 || 34.04% || 6.29 | 2 || – || 1 || 1 || 9,066 || 9,066 || 0.27% ||Returned | 33 || – || – || – || 9,120 || 7,500 || 0.28% || 0.23 | 15 || – || – || – || 4,437 || 4,437 || 0.13% ||New | || 17 || – || – || – || 4,093 || 12,866 || 0.12% || 0.40 | || 3 || – || – || – || 424 || 424 || 0.01% ||New |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Total |456||117 ! " colspan="2"|125 ! " colspan="2"|3,306,397 ! " colspan="2"| 100.00% |- | 17,937

122
3,310,776
13,558
67.82
5.71
-
4,503,142
398,635
}

Vote and seat summaries

|File:Ternary ON1971.svg |1971 |File:Ternary ON1975.svg |1975

Party	Change (pp)
	{{bartable	-8.43
	{{bartable	1.79
/Liberal-Labour	{{bartable	6.56
	{{bartable	-0.40
	{{bartable	0.48

Synopsis of results

Riding	Winning party	Turnout
including spoilt ballots	Votes	Nameorder is as given in EO reports	[1971](1971-ontario-general-election)	Party	Votes	Share	Margin
#	Margin
%	PC	Lib/LL	NDP	Ind	Other	Total
Algoma		PC		NDP	4,923	38.57%	398	3.12%	72.02%	4,525	3,315	4,923	–	–	12,763
Algoma—Manitoulin		PC		PC	5,452	40.79%	1,127	8.43%	72.28%	5,452	3,589	4,325	–	–	13,366
Brampton	New		PC	16,432	43.66%	5,608	14.90%	72.11%	16,432	9,906	10,824	65	410	37,637
Brantford		PC		NDP	12,012	39.06%	2,450	7.97%	72.65%	9,063	9,562	12,012	–	115	30,752
Brant—Oxford—Norfolk		Lib		Lib	14,358	55.52%	7,934	30.68%	69.71%	6,424	14,358	4,721	–	358	25,861
Brock	New		PC	10,978	48.31%	5,067	22.30%	65.69%	10,978	5,911	5,836	–	–	22,725
Burlington South	New		PC	17,093	45.83%	5,751	15.42%	69.50%	17,093	11,342	8,859	–	–	37,294
Cambridge	New		NDP	11,255	38.14%	1,593	5.40%	66.96%	8,595	9,662	11,255	–	–	29,512
Carleton		PC		PC	12,653	38.87%	676	2.08%	68.68%	12,653	11,977	7,769	157	–	32,556
Carleton East		PC		NDP	11,982	36.02%	281	0.84%	66.58%	9,579	11,701	11,982	–	–	33,262
Carleton-Grenville	New		PC	12,759	53.80%	7,027	29.63%	68.88%	12,759	5,226	5,732	–	–	23,717
Chatham—Kent		PC		PC	10,146	43.73%	2,819	12.15%	61.68%	10,146	7,327	5,728	–	–	23,201
Cochrane North		PC		PC	9,987	61.74%	6,220	38.45%	66.45%	9,987	2,423	3,767	–	–	16,177
Cochrane South		NDP		NDP	11,073	47.87%	1,292	5.59%	68.42%	9,781	1,958	11,073	114	205	23,131
Cornwall	New		NDP	11,958	51.05%	2,682	11.45%	70.41%	9,276	2,191	11,958	–	–	23,425
Dufferin—Simcoe		PC		PC	14,201	45.88%	1,691	5.46%	68.52%	14,201	12,510	3,585	–	655	30,951
Durham East		PC		NDP	12,893	42.26%	2,229	7.31%	70.16%	10,664	6,696	12,893	–	258	30,511
Durham North		PC		PC	11,206	39.28%	111	0.39%	74.12%	11,206	11,095	6,230	–	–	28,531
Durham West		PC		NDP	11,356	38.99%	1,314	4.51%	72.71%	7,579	10,042	11,356	–	149	29,126
Elgin		PC		PC	11,880	43.98%	1,829	6.77%	71.27%	11,880	10,051	5,084	–	–	27,015
Erie		Lib		Lib	9,556	45.27%	2,650	12.55%	69.35%	4,646	9,556	6,906	–	–	21,108
Essex North		Lib		Lib	9,550	44.05%	1,872	8.64%	67.73%	4,451	9,550	7,678	–	–	21,679
Essex South		Lib		Lib	9,517	41.34%	2,122	9.22%	67.05%	7,395	9,517	6,108	–	–	23,020
Fort William		PC		NDP	9,173	36.59%	953	3.80%	64.61%	8,220	7,444	9,173	–	230	25,067
Frontenac—Addington		PC		Lib	10,372	44.63%	1,415	6.09%	70.78%	8,957	10,372	3,368	545	–	23,242
Grey		PC		Lib	11,686	45.02%	277	1.07%	73.81%	11,409	11,686	2,863	–	–	25,958
Grey—Bruce		Lib		Lib	14,193	55.39%	5,964	23.28%	75.71%	8,229	14,193	3,202	–	–	25,624
Haldimand—Norfolk		PC		Lib	13,976	45.36%	1,955	6.35%	71.99%	12,021	13,976	4,814	–	–	30,811
Halton—Burlington	New		Lib	10,998	39.14%	463	1.65%	72.75%	10,535	10,998	6,567	–	–	28,100
Hamilton Centre		NDP		NDP	8,114	38.43%	586	2.78%	56.70%	5,256	7,528	8,114	–	214	21,112
Hamilton East		NDP		NDP	14,415	47.89%	5,736	19.06%	64.10%	6,407	8,679	14,415	–	601	30,102
Hamilton Mountain		PC		PC	12,769	38.80%	1,727	5.25%	72.64%	12,769	8,921	11,042	–	177	32,909
Hamilton West		PC		Lib	10,583	38.34%	542	1.96%	66.04%	10,041	10,583	6,978	–	–	27,602
Hastings—Peterborough		PC		PC	10,912	47.89%	2,341	10.27%	71.01%	10,912	8,571	2,969	–	335	22,787
Huron—Bruce		Lib		Lib	16,276	65.70%	10,393	41.95%	73.52%	5,883	16,276	2,613	–	–	24,772
Huron—Middlesex	New		Lib	11,893	54.04%	3,795	17.24%	76.12%	8,098	11,893	2,018	–	–	22,009
Kenora		PC		PC	9,584	52.42%	4,060	22.21%	67.40%	9,584	3,174	5,524	–	–	18,282
Kent—Elgin		Lib		Lib	12,793	56.57%	5,232	23.13%	70.31%	7,561	12,793	2,262	–	–	22,616
Kingston and the Islands		PC		PC	9,442	37.82%	203	0.81%	65.01%	9,442	9,239	6,161	–	124	24,966
Kitchener		Lib		Lib	13,036	44.83%	4,710	16.20%	63.50%	8,326	13,036	7,327	–	392	29,081
Kitchener—Wilmot	New		Lib	9,929	40.71%	1,745	7.16%	64.38%	6,275	9,929	8,184	–	–	24,388
Lake Nipigon		NDP		NDP	7,114	59.38%	4,014	33.51%	66.78%	1,766	3,100	7,114	–	–	11,980
Lambton		PC		PC	11,042	51.53%	1,836	8.57%	73.00%	11,042	9,206	1,180	–	–	21,428
Lanark		PC		PC	11,641	56.58%	5,799	28.18%	72.17%	11,641	5,842	3,092	–	–	20,575
Leeds		PC		PC	13,913	58.21%	8,197	34.29%	70.69%	13,913	4,274	5,716	–	–	23,903
Lincoln		PC		Lib	8,995	42.84%	1,094	5.21%	69.87%	7,901	8,995	4,100	–	–	20,996
London Centre	New		Lib	11,572	40.37%	2,569	8.96%	61.12%	9,003	11,572	7,878	213	–	28,666
London North		PC		Lib	13,689	44.65%	2,282	7.44%	66.71%	11,407	13,689	5,560	–	–	30,656
London South		PC		Lib	14,496	40.94%	559	1.58%	64.25%	13,937	14,496	6,971	–	–	35,404
Middlesex	New		PC	10,092	44.97%	869	3.87%	72.34%	10,092	9,223	3,125	–	–	22,440
Mississauga East	New		PC	9,973	39.05%	1,335	5.23%	64.95%	9,973	8,638	6,499	432	–	25,542
Mississauga North	New		PC	11,001	35.55%	385	1.24%	67.33%	11,001	9,332	10,616	–	–	30,949
Mississauga South	New		PC	11,870	43.04%	3,144	11.40%	69.04%	11,870	8,726	6,981	–	–	27,577
Muskoka		PC		PC	7,061	43.97%	1,376	8.57%	68.73%	7,061	3,200	5,685	–	111	16,057
Niagara Falls		PC		Lib	10,594	37.80%	172	0.61%	65.02%	10,422	10,594	7,013	–	–	28,029
Nickel Belt		NDP		NDP	10,243	60.09%	6,209	36.42%	72.60%	4,034	2,770	10,243	–	–	17,047
Nipissing		Lib		Lib	15,483	54.35%	8,244	28.94%	69.44%	7,239	15,483	5,110	658	–	28,490
Northumberland		PC		PC	13,328	44.58%	3,001	10.04%	72.44%	13,328	10,327	6,241	–	–	29,896
Oakville	New		PC	12,933	45.84%	3,759	13.32%	74.29%	12,933	9,174	6,011	–	97	28,215
Oshawa		PC		NDP	14,638	58.94%	7,787	31.35%	63.27%	6,851	3,202	14,638	–	146	24,837
Ottawa Centre		NDP		NDP	11,658	41.07%	2,680	9.44%	62.19%	8,978	7,500	11,658	–	250	28,386
Ottawa East		Lib		Lib	14,900	60.96%	9,899	40.50%	53.08%	5,001	14,900	4,543	–	–	24,444
Ottawa South		PC		PC	14,767	43.15%	3,668	10.72%	67.88%	14,767	8,360	11,099	–	–	34,226
Ottawa West		PC		PC	14,889	44.34%	5,063	15.08%	66.10%	14,889	9,826	8,861	–	–	33,576
Oxford		PC		PC	17,776	50.72%	5,181	14.78%	71.77%	17,776	12,595	4,676	–	–	35,047
Parry Sound		PC		PC	8,154	44.56%	966	5.28%	66.77%	8,154	7,188	2,957	–	–	18,299
Perth		Lib		Lib	17,865	63.36%	10,478	37.16%	65.17%	7,387	17,865	2,945	–	–	28,197
Peterborough		PC		NDP	16,154	39.53%	505	1.24%	71.23%	15,649	8,979	16,154	–	83	40,865
Port Arthur		NDP		NDP	12,213	49.74%	4,618	18.81%	66.36%	7,595	4,499	12,213	–	247	24,554
Prescott and Russell		PC		PC	11,006	43.93%	2,045	8.16%	68.85%	11,006	8,961	5,085	–	–	25,052
Prince Edward—Lennox		PC		PC	9,628	44.32%	733	3.37%	74.37%	9,628	8,895	3,200	–	–	21,723
Quinte		PC		Lib	12,440	43.07%	659	2.28%	67.95%	11,781	12,440	4,663	–	–	28,884
Rainy River		Lib		LL	5,892	51.58%	2,657	23.26%	64.77%	3,235	5,892T. Patrick Reid was elected as a Liberal in 1971	2,295	–	–	11,422
Renfrew North		PC		Lib	7,058	35.41%	183	0.92%	70.90%	6,875	7,058	6,001	–	–	19,934
Renfrew South		PC		PC	13,886	54.20%	5,819	22.71%	75.49%	13,886	8,067	3,267	–	401	25,621
St. Catharines		PC		PC	10,064	34.74%	794	2.74%	59.77%	10,064	9,270	9,215	–	419	28,968
Sarnia		Lib		Lib	16,275	57.69%	7,502	26.59%	63.97%	8,773	16,275	2,957	–	204	28,209
Sault Ste. Marie		PC		PC	14,415	42.46%	945	2.78%	70.91%	14,415	5,835	13,470	–	232	33,952
Simcoe Centre		PC		PC	13,557	39.52%	1,929	5.62%	69.48%	13,557	9,116	11,628	–	–	34,301
Simcoe East		PC		PC	11,622	39.48%	1,140	3.87%	69.35%	11,622	7,334	10,482	–	–	29,438
Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry	New		PC	10,833	52.54%	3,851	18.68%	68.99%	10,833	6,982	2,804	–	–	20,619
Sudbury		NDP		NDP	12,258	38.35%	2,278	7.13%	74.53%	9,549	9,980	12,258	–	175	31,962
Sudbury East		NDP		NDP	18,765	58.84%	9,476	29.71%	74.04%	3,837	9,289	18,765	–	–	31,891
Temiskaming		PC		NDP	8,713	44.07%	1,544	7.81%	68.53%	7,169	3,546	8,713	175	170	19,773
Victoria—Haliburton		PC		Lib	10,907	43.53%	1,023	4.08%	70.64%	9,884	10,907	3,707	–	556	25,054
Waterloo North		Lib		Lib	12,409	47.49%	5,265	20.15%	64.40%	7,144	12,409	6,576	–	–	26,129
Welland		PC		NDP	9,994	36.88%	1,115	4.11%	71.26%	8,879	8,000	9,994	–	223	27,096
Wellington—Dufferin—Peel		PC		PC	12,110	40.61%	712	2.39%	69.50%	12,110	11,398	6,313	–	–	29,821
Wellington South		Lib		Lib	15,654	50.69%	7,886	25.54%	68.36%	7,063	15,654	7,768	252	145	30,882
Wentworth		NDP		NDP	14,847	58.73%	9,577	37.89%	68.32%	5,270	5,162	14,847	–	–	25,279
Wentworth North		PC		Lib	13,242	40.56%	1,977	6.06%	72.56%	11,265	13,242	8,140	–	–	32,647
Windsor—Riverside		NDP		NDP	13,273	47.85%	2,479	8.94%	61.67%	3,671	10,794	13,273	–	–	27,738
Windsor—Sandwich		NDP		NDP	10,624	49.73%	3,067	14.36%	58.25%	2,732	7,557	10,624	265	184	21,362
Windsor—Walkerville		Lib		Lib	12,517	53.28%	5,672	24.14%	63.52%	3,979	12,517	6,845	–	153	23,494
York Centre		Lib		Lib	14,913	40.96%	1,830	5.03%	69.10%	13,083	14,913	8,140	–	275	36,411
York North		PC		PC	12,891	39.65%	2,525	7.77%	68.40%	12,891	10,366	9,256	–	–	32,513
Armourdale		PC		Lib	14,526	43.90%	2,702	8.17%	68.91%	11,824	14,526	6,169	–	567	33,086
Beaches—Woodbine		PC		NDP	11,462	45.58%	2,886	11.48%	66.65%	8,576	4,914	11,462	–	195	25,147
Bellwoods		PC		NDP	4,935	38.38%	494	3.84%	64.90%	3,234	4,441	4,935	–	247	12,857
Don Mills		PC		PC	14,007	46.59%	5,933	19.74%	60.68%	14,007	7,981	8,074	–	–	30,062
Dovercourt		PC		NDP	6,083	42.10%	1,465	10.14%	63.87%	4,618	3,174	6,083	96	477	14,448
Downsview		Lib		NDP	8,091	36.90%	68	0.31%	65.70%	5,814	8,023	8,091	–	–	21,928
Eglinton		PC		PC	16,679	50.97%	5,894	18.01%	68.94%	16,679	10,785	4,706	–	551	32,721
Etobicoke		Lib		NDP	9,016	37.62%	1,256	5.24%	67.04%	7,191	7,760	9,016	–	–	23,967
High Park—Swansea		NDP		NDP	10,172	39.84%	1,844	7.22%	68.77%	8,328	6,540	10,172	–	493	25,533
Humber		PC		PC	17,739	44.51%	3,337	8.37%	71.58%	17,739	14,402	7,710	–	–	39,851
Lakeshore		NDP		NDP	14,271	51.01%	7,625	27.26%	65.74%	6,281	6,646	14,271	175	602	27,975
Oakwood	New		NDP	7,388	39.25%	1,418	7.53%	59.66%	4,637	5,970	7,388	558	271	18,824
Oriole	New		PC	12,297	38.71%	239	0.75%	68.00%	12,297	12,058	7,413	–	–	31,768
Parkdale		NDP		NDP	7,158	41.71%	1,559	9.08%	63.23%	3,816	5,599	7,158	292	298	17,163
Riverdale		NDP		NDP	9,133	50.27%	4,268	23.49%	59.48%	4,865	3,754	9,133	96	319	18,167
St. Andrew—St. Patrick		PC		PC	8,054	36.66%	429	1.95%	62.57%	8,054	5,951	7,625	–	339	21,969
St. David		PC		PC	10,536	40.27%	2,493	9.53%	66.43%	10,536	7,141	8,043	–	442	26,162
St. George		PC		Lib	11,042	42.10%	2,465	9.40%	60.70%	8,577	11,042	6,029	–	582	26,230
Scarborough Centre		PC		PC	10,399	41.15%	1,037	4.10%	64.13%	10,399	5,042	9,362	–	469	25,272
Scarborough East		PC		PC	12,645	42.59%	3,836	12.92%	66.94%	12,645	8,809	7,850	–	383	29,687
Scarborough—Ellesmere	New		NDP	10,573	39.00%	1,347	4.97%	67.73%	9,226	7,019	10,573	–	295	27,113
Scarborough North		PC		PC	16,512	43.41%	2,677	7.04%	70.03%	16,512	13,835	7,241	–	447	38,035
Scarborough West		NDP		NDP	15,815	57.39%	8,603	31.22%	70.20%	7,212	4,393	15,815	–	135	27,555
Wilson Heights	New		Lib	11,379	42.26%	2,640	9.81%	61.95%	8,739	11,379	6,441	–	366	26,925
York East		PC		PC	14,487	47.42%	5,496	17.99%	66.05%	14,487	8,991	5,919	–	1,152	30,549
York Mills		PC		PC	17,365	46.46%	4,075	10.90%	70.81%	17,365	13,290	6,720	–	–	37,375
York South		NDP		NDP	13,282	48.47%	6,218	22.69%	67.30%	7,064	6,445	13,282	–	609	27,400
York West		PC		PC	13,871	38.70%	1,356	3.78%	71.33%	13,871	12,515	9,454	–	–	35,840
Yorkview		NDP		NDP	13,406	52.40%	5,320	20.79%	63.02%	3,498	8,086	13,406	–	594	25,584

: = open seat : = turnout is above provincial average : = winning candidate was in previous Legislature : = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature : = incumbent had switched allegiance : = incumbency arose from byelection gain : = previously incumbent in another riding : = Liberal-Labour candidate : = other incumbents renominated : = multiple candidates

Analysis

Party in 1st place	Party in 2nd place	Total	PC	Lib
	17	34	51
20		18	38
30	5		35
1			1
Total	51	22	52	125

1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
51	51	23
38	22	65
35	52	36
1		1
			26	7
			12	3
			10	2
			9	5
			2	1

Source	Party	Total
align="center"	PC	align="center"	NDP	align="center"	Lib
Seats retained	Incumbents returned	34
Open seats held	5	4
Held by previous incumbent from other riding	1
Incumbent changed to Liberal-Labour
Seats changing hands	Incumbents defeated
Open seats gained		5
Byelection gain held
Ouster of third-party byelection gain		1
New ridings	New MPPs	3
Previously incumbent in other riding	8	1
Total	51	38

MPPs elected by region and riding

Party designations are as follows:

;Northern Ontario

;Ottawa Valley

;Saint Lawrence Valley

;Central Ontario

;Georgian Bay

;Hamilton/Halton/Niagara

;Midwestern Ontario

;Southwestern Ontario

;Peel/York/Durham

;Metropolitan Toronto

References

{{Cite canlaw. (1975)
{{Cite canlaw. (1975)
. (September 5, 1975). "125 seats in legislature: Record 454 candidates nominated for 125 Ontario seats". *[[The Globe and Mail]]*.
Williamson, Robert. (September 19, 1975). "Elected: PCs, 51; NDP, 38; Lib, 36: AFTER 30 YEARS, TORY MINORITY Lewis will head official Opposition". [[The Globe and Mail]].
. (August 14, 1975). "Leader didn't know: Socreds don't qualify as a party for election". *[[The Globe and Mail]]*.
(March 31, 1975). "Ontario budget holds key". The Citizen.
. ["1975 general election results"](https://results.elections.on.ca/en/data-explorer?fromYear=1867&toYear=2019&electionType=GE&electionId=279). *[[Elections Ontario]]*.

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