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1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 37th U.S. Congress

1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 37th U.S. Congress

FieldValue
election_name1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections
countryUnited States
flag_year1859
typelegislative
ongoingno
previous_election1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections
previous_year1858 & 1859
next_election1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections
next_year1862 & 1863
outgoing_members36th United States Congress#House of Representatives_3
elected_members37th United States Congress#House of Representatives_3
seats_for_electionAll 183 seats in the United States House of Representatives
majority_seats92
election_dateAugust 6, 1860 – October 24, 1861
image_sizex180px
party1Republican Party (US)
image1William Pennington portrait.jpg
leader1William Pennington
leaders_seat1
(lost re-election)
last_election1116 seats
seats1**108**
seat_change18
popular_vote11,793,876
percentage146.91%
swing110.32
party2Democratic Party (US)
image2File:Hon. Samuel S. Cox, Ohio - NARA - 526778 (cropped).jpg
leader2Samuel Cox
leaders_seat2
last_election283 seats
seats243
seat_change250
popular_vote21,520,785
percentage239.77%
swing28.29
party4Unionist politician (American Civil War)
last_election40 seats
seats430
seat_change431
popular_vote4324,992
percentage48.50%
swing4*New party*
party5Southern Rights Party (US)
last_election50 seats
seats51
seat_change51
popular_vote552,501
percentage51.37%
swing5*New party*
party7Independent
last_election715 seats
seats71
seat_change714
popular_vote7105,210
percentage72.75%
swing74.16
map_image[[File:37th Congress Results.svg350px]]
map_caption**Results**
titleSpeaker
before_electionWilliam Pennington
after_electionGalusha Grow
before_partyRepublican Party (US)
after_partyRepublican Party (US)

(lost re-election)

The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6, 1860, and October 24, 1861, before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4, 1861. The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one, but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies.

In November 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency. Though Republicans lost seats, the party won a House majority anyway as seven slave states reacted to Lincoln's election by seceding before the Presidential inauguration. These seceding states formed the Confederacy in February 1861 while withdrawing many Representatives and Senators from Congress, almost all Democrats. As both sides in the impending American Civil War initially mobilized troops, another four slave states seceded by May 1861 in response to Lincoln's policy of using Federal force to defend Federal property and to coerce the seven initially seceding states. The four remaining slave states did not secede, electing and returning Representatives normally.

Unionist districts in three seceding states returned ten Representatives: five from western Virginia, three from eastern Tennessee, and two from southern Louisiana. Except for a tiny minority of outspoken Democrats, all Representatives supported the Union. Representatives opposing Democrats but unwilling to identify as Republican, particularly from slave states and including some remaining nativist American Party members, formed Unionist parties. In coalition with the Unionists, Republicans commanded over a two-thirds House supermajority.

Election summaries

California was apportioned one additional seat for the 37th Congress, increasing the total seats to 239.

Representatives from seceding states overwhelmingly were Democrats. Withdrawal of these Representatives boosted Republican House control. Some seceding states held Federal elections, but seceded before the elected Representatives served. Other seceding states held no Federal elections.

Democratic Party (US)}}" **Democratic**Republican Party (US)}}" **Republican**Unionist politician (American Civil War)}}" **Union**
StateTypeDateTotal
seatsDemocraticRepublicanUnionOthersSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeKansasOregonArkansasMissouriVermontMaineFloridaSouth CarolinaIndianaIowaOhioPennsylvaniaDelawareIllinoisMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaNew JerseyNew YorkWisconsinLate elections (after the March 4, 1861 beginning of the term)New HampshireConnecticutRhode IslandMarylandKentuckyLate elections (after the July 4, 1861 beginning of the first session of the 37th Congress)TennesseeCaliforniaSeceded states not holding full electionsAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaMississippiNorth CarolinaTexasVirginiaTotal183
56 vacancies44
24.6%54108
59.0%830
16.4%281
0.0%24
At-largeDecember 1, 1859101100
At-largeJune 4, 186011000
DistrictAugust 6, 186022000
DistrictAugust 6, 1860751111101
DistrictSeptember 4, 186030300
DistrictSeptember 10, 186060600
At-largeOctober 1, 186011000
DistrictOctober 8–9, 186066000
DistrictOctober 9, 1860114700
DistrictOctober 9, 186020200
DistrictOctober 9, 1860218213200
DistrictOctober 9, 1860256119100
At-largeNovember 6, 1860
(Election Day)1010110
District95400
District110101110
District4014100
At-large20200
District5312100
District3310323300
District3013100
DistrictMarch 12, 186130300
DistrictApril 1, 18614222200
DistrictApril 3, 18612002220
DistrictJune 13, 186160306603
DistrictJune 20, 186110050991{{efnIncluding4
DistrictAugust 1, 1861100303307
At-largeSeptember 4, 1861303100
DistrictNone707000
DistrictNone8060002
DistrictNone40302201
DistrictNone505000
DistrictNone8050003
DistrictNone202000
DistrictNone1301205501

Maps

File:37th Congress Results by vote share.svg|District results by vote share

Special elections

There were special elections in 1860–61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress.

36th Congress

|- ! | Francis P. Blair Jr. | | Republican | 1856 1858 (lost) 1860 (contested) | | Incumbent resigned June 25, 1860. New member elected October 3, 1860. Democratic gain. Winner lost election to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • John R. Barret (Democratic) 50.27%
  • Francis P. Blair Jr. (Republican) 49.70%
  • Albert Todd (American) 0.02%

|- ! | John Schwartz | | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1858 | | Incumbent died June 20, 1860. New member elected October 9, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Jacob K. McKenty (Democratic) 56.19%
  • James McKnight (Republican) 43.81%

|- ! | Israel Washburn Jr. | | Republican | 1850 | | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1861 to become Governor of Maine. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Stephen Coburn (Republican) 65.86%
  • Joseph D. Brown (Democratic) 14.47%
  • Joseph Chase (Breckinridge Democratic) 14.92%}} | Abner Coburn (Unknown) 0.86% | Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Union) 0.57% | Samuel Blake (Unknown) 0.32%

|- ! | Silas M. Burroughs | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent died June 3, 1860. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Edwin R. Reynolds (Republican) 59.02%
  • Linus J. Peck (Democratic) 39.09%
  • James L. Bowen (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.89%

|}

37th Congress

|- ! | Thomas Corwin | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to Mexico. New member elected May 28, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861. Union gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Richard A. Harrison (Union) 52.65%
  • Aaron Harlan (Democratic) 47.35%

|- ! | John Sherman | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected May 28, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Samuel T. Worcester (Republican) 55.85%
  • William McLaughlin (Democratic) 44.15%

|- ! | Charles F. Adams Sr. | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain. New member elected June 11, 1861. Union gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Benjamin Thomas (Union) 90.80%
  • Eleazar Beal (Unknown) 9.2%

|- ! | George W. Scranton | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent died March 24, 1861. New member elected June 21, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861. Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Hendrick B. Wright (Democratic, Union) 67.82%
  • David R. Randall (Independent) 32.18 |- ! | Edward Joy Morris | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire. New member elected June 21, 1861 and seated July 2, 1861. Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
  • Charles J. Biddle (Union Democratic) 51.59%
  • Charles O'Neill (People's) 48.41%

|- ! | Samuel Curtis | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent resigned August 4, 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry. New member elected October 8, 1861. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • James F. Wilson (Republican) 56.66%
  • Jairus Edward Neal (Democratic) 40.94%
  • Scattering 2.40%

|- ! | John S. Carlile | | Union | 1859 | | Incumbent resigned July 9, 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia. New member elected October 24, 1861 and seated December 2, 1861. Union hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Jacob B. Blair (Union)
  • Frost (Unknown)
  • Haywood (Unknown)
  • Incomplete data

|- ! | William Appleton | | Constitutional Union | 1850 1854 (lost) 1860 | | Incumbent resigned September 27, 1861 due to failing health. New member elected November 5, 1861 and seated December 2, 1861. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Samuel Hooper (Republican) 56.14%
  • George B. Upton (Democratic) 43.86%

|- ! | John A. McClernand | | Democratic | 1859 (special) | | Incumbent resigned October 28, 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War. New member elected December 12, 1861. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Anthony L. Knapp (Democratic) 97.92%
  • Scattering 2.08%

|- ! | John Bullock Clark | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent expelled July 13, 1861. New member elected December 30, 1861. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • William A. Hall (Democratic) 96.79%
  • M. C. Hawkins (Unknown) 2.29%
  • Scattering 0.91%

|}

Background

Secession

United States 37th Congress,1861. <br/>Pro-union Free states: dark blue. Pro-Union Slave' states: light blue; (West Virginia abolished slavery with statehood.)<br/>Secessionist Convention Slave states: red<br/>The numbers in Congress are reduced by the 'vacant' seats

Fifty-six seats were vacant when the 37th Congress met on July 4, 1861, as a result of the secession of the Confederacy. Three states which later joined the Confederacy—Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina—chose members before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents, who subsequently declined to take their seats. In addition, several districts in Tennessee and Virginia elected Unionist members who were seated along with the incoming class of House members. These were the only congressional elections held south of the border states prior to the start of the 37th Congress.

Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts – in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists, five independents, and one member of the American Party – when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.

Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 45 by Democrats, 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.

End of a Congressional era

US Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863Congress35th
1857–5936th
1859–6137th
1861–63United States House of RepresentativesSeats (change)RepublicansUnionistsAmericans (+)DemocratsUnited States SenateSeats (change)RepublicansUnionistsAmericansDemocrats
237 (+3)238 (+1)183 (–55)
90.38%116.49%108.59%
0.0%0.0%31.17%
14.6%39.16% (4-way split)0.0%
133.56%83.35%44.24%
66 (+4)68 (+2)50 (–18)
20.30%26.38%31.62%
0.0%0.0%3.6%
5.8%2.3%0.0%
41.62%38.58%15.30%

In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th–37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.

page=12}}</ref>

Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.

In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.

After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-war (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandigham) factions.

Results by region

The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country. The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found in the 37th Congress article.

PartyTotal seatsChangePercentageTotals183–56100.0%
Republican108–859.0%
Democratic44–3924.0%
Independent Democratic1–0.5%
Constitutional Union and Union30+3016.3%

Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling's descriptions from 1860. The Representative's biographies are linked at their names. Each congressional district has a link, named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At-large election. In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by congressional district, the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the makeup of those each district by referring to their respective articles.

The articles use different formats. The constituent counties of congressional districts are sometimes listed in a content heading "List of representatives" within tables. These tables have a column naming the District's counties for each election, such as (a) "District Area" for Massachusetts, or (b) "Area" for Illinois and Maryland. Virginia uses "Historical composition of the district" to describe composition at each reapportionment. Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative, sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts. Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress. Michigan uses "History" since 1852 for its 4th district. In some states, previous district composition is not described.

New England

The twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the abolition movement. ### North Central ::New Jersey — New York The 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export. ### Border North ::Illinois — Indiana — Michigan — Ohio — Pennsylvania — Wisconsin The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans. These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood. ### Border South and Middle South ::Delaware — Kentucky — Maryland — Missouri — Tennessee — Virginia Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic,– would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee. These were "slaveholding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25 to 33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep South 43–57%, except Texas, with 30%.) Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents. ### Trans-Mississippi West ::California — Iowa — Kansas — Minnesota — Oregon — Non-voting members West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents. When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free-soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame-duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, in July 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress. ### Vacant state delegations Alabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated. Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the "Border South and Middle South" section. ## Alabama Alabama did not elect members to the House. |- ! | James Stallworth | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-alabama) | | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | James L. Pugh | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-alabama) | | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | David Clopton | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-alabama) | | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Sydenham Moore | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-alabama) | | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | George S. Houston | | Democratic | [1851](1851-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-alabama) | | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Williamson Cobb | | Democratic | [1847](1847-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-alabama) | | Incumbent withdrew January 30, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Jabez L. M. Curry | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-alabama) | | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Arkansas Arkansas elected its members on August 6, 1860. Elected representatives were unable to take seats as Congress convened after the state had already seceded. |- ! | Thomas C. Hindman | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-arkansas) | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thomas C. Hindman** (Democratic) 67.40% - Jesse N. Cypert (Independent) 32.60% |- ! | Albert Rust | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-arkansas) | | Incumbent retired. **Independent gain.** Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Edward W. Gantt** (Independent) 54.38% - Charles B. Mitchel (Democratic) 42.69% - James A. Jones (Independent) 2.92% |} ## California From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at large, with the top two vote-getters winning the election from 1849 to 1858. In the 1860 census, California gained a seat in the House. California elected its members on September 4, 1861, after the first session of the new Congress began. The top three vote-getters were elected, but only the top two were seated at the beginning of the session. When Congress later authorized California the third seat, Frederick Low was seated June 3, 1862. |- ! rowspan=3 | | John C. Burch | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-california) | | Incumbent retired. **Republican gain.** - **Timothy Guy Phelps** (Republican) 16% - **Aaron A. Sargent** (Republican) 15.7% - **Frederick Low** (Republican) 12.1% - Henry Edgerton (Union Democratic) 11% - Joseph C. McKibben (Union Democratic) 11% - Frank Ganahl (Breckinridge Democratic) 9.8% - Henry P. Barber (Breckinridge Democratic) 9.8% - D. O. Shattuck (Breckinridge Democratic) 7.5% - John R. Gitchell (Union Democratic) 7% |- | Charles L. Scott | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-california) | | Incumbent retired. **Republican gain.** |- | | New seat. **Republican gain.** |} ## Colorado Territory See non-voting delegates, below. ## Connecticut Connecticut elected its members on April 1, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. Data comes from the State of Connecticut Elections Database. Candidates with less than 5 have been grouped into others. Dubin does not mention any other votes beyond the top two candidates but provides the same numbers. Dubin also lists the Republicans as Unionists. Following the party affiliation listed on the *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*. |- ! | Dwight Loomis | | Republican | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-connecticut) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Dwight Loomis** (Republican) 50.3% - Alvan P. Hyde (Democratic) 49.6% - Others |- ! | John Woodruff | | Republican | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-connecticut) 1856 (lost) [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-connecticut) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James E. English** (Democratic) 52.3% - John Woodruff (Republican) 47.7% - Others |- ! | Alfred A. Burnham | | Republican | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-connecticut) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Alfred A. Burnham** (Republican) 57.2% - Rufus L. Baker (Democratic) 42.8% - Others |- ! | Orris S. Ferry | | Republican | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-connecticut) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George C. Woodruff** (Democratic) 50.2% - Orris S. Ferry (Republican) 49.8% - Others |} ## Dakota Territory See non-voting delegates, below. ## Delaware Delaware elected its member on November 6, 1860 Election Day. |- ! | William G. Whiteley | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-delaware) | | Incumbent retired. **People's gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George P. Fisher** (People's) 48.39% - Benjamin T. Biggs (Breckinridge Democratic) 46.85% - Elias Reed (Douglas Democratic) 4.76% |} ## Florida *Main article: [1860 United States House of Representatives election in Florida](1860-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-florida)* Florida elected its member on October 1, 1860. Hilton never took his seat as Congress convened after the state had already seceded. |- ! | George S. Hawkins | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-florida) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Robert Benjamin Hilton** (Democratic) 59.89% - B. F. Allen (Opposition) 40.11% |} ## Georgia Georgia did not elect members to the House. |- ! | Peter E. Love | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Martin J. Crawford | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Thomas Hardeman Jr. | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | Lucius J. Gartrell | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | John W. H. Underwood | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | James Jackson | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Joshua Hill | | Know Nothing | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Know Nothing loss. | None. |- ! | John J. Jones | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-georgia) | | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Illinois Illinois elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day. |- ! | Elihu B. Washburne | | Republican | [1852](1852-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Elihu B. Washburne** (Republican) 70.59% - Theodore A. C. Beard (Democratic) 29.41% |- ! | John F. Farnsworth | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Isaac N. Arnold** (Republican) 64.53% - Augustus N. Herrington (Democratic) 35.47% |- ! | Owen Lovejoy | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Owen Lovejoy** (Republican) 61.1% - Robert N. Murray (Democratic) 38.9% |- ! | William Kellogg | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William Kellogg** (Republican) 54.65% - Robert G. Ingersoll (Democratic) 45.35% |- ! | Isaac N. Morris | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William A. Richardson** (Democratic) 53.58% - Benjamin M. Prentiss (Republican) 46.42% |- ! | John A. McClernand | | Democratic | [1859 (special)](1859-illinois-s-6th-congressional-district-special-elections) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John A. McClernand** (Democratic) 56.62% - Henry Case (Republican) 43.38% |- ! | James C. Robinson | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James C. Robinson** (Democratic) 54.07% - James T. Cunningham (Republican) 45.93% |- ! | Philip B. Fouke | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Philip B. Fouke** (Democratic) 55.48% - Joseph Gillespie (Republican) 44.52% |- ! | John A. Logan | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-illinois) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John A. Logan** (Democratic) 79.54% - David T. Linegar (Independent) 19.85% |} ## Indiana Indiana elected its members on October 9, 1860. |- ! | William E. Niblack | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Law** (Democratic) 55.67% - Lemuel Q. Debruler (Republican) 44.33% |- ! | William H. English | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James A. Cravens** (Democratic) 51.28% - John S. Davis (Republican) 48.72% |- ! | William M. Dunn | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William M. Dunn** (Republican) 54.54% - William Mitchel Daily (Democratic) 45.46% |- ! | William S. Holman | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William S. Holman** (Democratic) 51.22% - James L. Yater (Republican) 48.78% |- ! | David Kilgore | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George W. Julian** (Republican) 62.00% - William A. Bickle (Democratic) 38.00% |- ! | Albert G. Porter | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Albert G. Porter** (Republican) 52.29% - Robert L. Walpole (Democratic) 47.71% |- ! | John G. Davis | | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Daniel W. Voorhees** (Democratic) 51.46% - Thomas H. Nelson (Republican) 47.28% - James A. Scott (Independent) 1.26% |- ! | James Wilson | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Albert S. White** (Republican) 53.67% - Samuel C. Wilson (Democratic) 46.33% |- ! | Schuyler Colfax | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Schuyler Colfax** (Republican) 55.71% - Charles W. Cathcart (Democratic) 44.29% |- ! | Charles Case | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William Mitchell** (Republican) 55.62% - Philip M. Henkle (Democratic) 44.38% |- ! | John U. Pettit | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-indiana) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John P. C. Shanks** (Republican) 54.08% - Asbury Steele (Democratic) 45.92% |} ## Iowa Iowa elected its members on October 9, 1860. |- ! | Samuel R. Curtis | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-iowa) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Samuel R. Curtis** (Republican) 52.88% - C. C. Cole (Democratic) 47.12% |- ! | William Vandever | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-iowa) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William Vandever** (Republican) 57.50% - Ben M. Samuels (Democratic) 42.50% |} ## Kansas *Main article: [1859 United States House of Representatives election in Kansas](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-kansas)* There are no records of an election being held for the 37th Congress. It's mostly likely that the incumbent member Martin F. Conway served into the 37th Congress without an additional election. ## Kentucky Kansas elected its members on June 20, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. |- ! | Henry C. Burnett | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent re-elected under a new party. **Southern Rights** gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Henry C. Burnett** (Southern Rights) 59.08% - Lawrence S. Trimble (Union) 40.92% |- ! | Samuel Peyton | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent lost renomination. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James S. Jackson** (Union) 73.4% - John T. Bunch (Southern Rights) 26.6% |- ! | Francis Bristow | | Opposition | [1854 (special)](1854-kentucky-s-3rd-congressional-district-special-election) 1855 (retired) [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Henry Grider** (Union) 76.95% - Joseph Horace Lewis (Southern Rights) 23.05% |- ! | William C. Anderson | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Aaron Harding** (Union) 80.72% - Albert G. Talbott (Southern Rights) 19.28% |- ! | John Y. Brown | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles A. Wickliffe** (Union) 75.14% - H. E. Read (Southern Rights) 24.86% |- ! | George W. Dunlap | | Opposition | [1847](1847-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) 1849 (retired) [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent re-elected under a new party. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George W. Dunlap** (Union) 97.32% - Alfred Smith (Southern Rights) 1.83% - Scattering 0.85 |- ! | Robert Mallory | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Robert Mallory** (Union) 79.41% - Horatio Washington Bruce (Southern Rights) 20.59% |- ! | William E. Simms | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John J. Crittenden** (Union) 59.18% - William E. Simms (Southern Rights) 40.82% |- ! | Laban T. Moore | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William H. Wadsworth** (Union) 75.91% - John L. Williams (Southern Rights) 24.09% |- ! | John W. Stevenson | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-kentucky) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John W. Menzies** (Union) 65.18% - Overton P. Hogan (Southern Rights) 29.38% - Thomas L. Jones (Independent) (withdrew) 5.43% |} ## Louisiana Louisiana did not hold elections in 1860 or 1861 as a result of secession. Late elections were held on December 3, 1862, in two congressional districts under Union military control. The elected members were seated on February 17, 1863, 15 days before the end of their term. |- ! | John Edward Bouligny | | Know Nothing | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-louisiana) | | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Benjamin Flanders** (Union) 93.08% - John Edward Bouligny (Union) 6.27% - Scattering 0.64% |- ! | Miles Taylor | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-louisiana) | | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Michael Hahn** (Union) 54.7% - Edward Henry Durell (Union) 28.49% - Jacob Barker (Secessionist) 8.85% - W. R. Greathouse (Unknown) 6.98% - Scattering 0.98% |- ! | Thomas G. Davidson | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-louisiana) | | No member elected. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | John M. Landrum | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-louisiana) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Maine Maine elected its members on September 10, 1860. |- ! | Daniel E. Somes | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maine) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John N. Goodwin** (Republican) 53.00% - Thomas M. Hayes (Democratic) 46.55% - Nathan Webb (Constitutional Union) 0.45% |- ! | John J. Perry | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maine) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles W. Walton** (Republican) 55.68% - Calvin Record (Democratic) 44.32% |- ! | Ezra B. French | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maine) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Samuel C. Fessenden** (Republican) 52.54% - Alfred W. Johnson (Democratic) 47.46% |- ! | Freeman H. Morse | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maine) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Anson Morrill** (Republican) 61.59% - Benjamin A. Fuller (Democratic) 35.24% - George C. Getchell (Unknown) 1.49% - Bion Bradbury (Unknown) 0.77% - Freeman H. Morse (Unknown) 0.55% - Scattering 0.36 |- ! | Israel Washburn Jr. | | Republican | [1850](1850-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maine) | | Incumbent retired to [run for Governor of Maine](1860-maine-gubernatorial-election). Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John H. Rice** (Republican) 59.76% - Samuel H. Blake (Democratic) 38.74% - Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Union) 1.04% - Scattering 0.47% |- ! | Stephen C. Foster | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maine) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Frederick A. Pike** (Republican) 54.27% - Bion Bradbury (Democratic) 44.72% - Scattering 1.01% |} ## Maryland Maryland elected its members on June 13, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. |- ! | James A. Stewart | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maryland) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John W. Crisfield** (Union) 57.39% - Daniel McHenry (States Rights) 42.61% |- ! | Edwin H. Webster | | Know Nothing | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maryland) | | Incumbent re-elected as a Union. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Edwin H. Webster** (Union) 98.63% - Scattering 1.37% |- ! | J. Morrison Harris | | Know Nothing | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maryland) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Cornelius Leary** (Union) 51.95% - William P. Preston (States Rights) 48.05% |- ! | Henry W. Davis | | Know Nothing | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maryland) | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Unionist. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Henry May** (Union and Peace) 57.55% - Henry W. Davis (Union) 42.45% |- ! | Jacob M. Kunkel | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maryland) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Francis Thomas** (Union) 96.18% - Scattering 3.82% |- ! | George W. Hughes | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-maryland) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles B. Calvert** (Union) 50.92% - Benjamin G. Harris (States Rights) 49.08% |} ## Massachusetts Massachusetts elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day. |- ! | Thomas D. Eliot | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thomas D. Eliot** (Republican) 72.52% - Daniel Fisher (Constitutional Union) 10.47% - Moses Bates (Democratic) 8.67% - F. E. Sanford (Breckinridge Democratic) 8.34% |- ! | James Buffington | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James Buffington** (Republican) 68.40% - Alexander Long (D; CU) 29.85% |- ! | Charles Francis Adams Sr. | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles Francis Adams Sr.** (Republican) 58.57% - Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 41.43% |- ! | Alexander H. Rice | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Alexander H. Rice** (Republican) 52.32% - Erastus B. Bigelow (D; CU; BD) 47.68% |- ! | Anson Burlingame | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Constitutional Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William Appleton** (CU; D; BD) 50.82% - Anson Burlingame (Republican) 49.18% |- ! | John B. Alley | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John B. Alley** (Republican) 63.07% - Otis P. Lord (Constitutional Union) 16.16% - Jefferson Knight (Democratic) 14.39% - George B. Loring (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.72% - Scattering 1.65% |- ! | Daniel W. Gooch | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Daniel W. Gooch** (Republican) 60.48% - Charles A. Welch (D; CU) 35.79% - George Johnson (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.74% |- ! | Charles R. Train | | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles R. Train** (Republican) 64.88% - Alpheus R. Brown (Democratic) 16.71% - Winthrop E. Faulkner (Constitutional Union) 15.67% - James C. Abbott (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.74% |- ! | Eli Thayer | | Constitutional Union | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Goldsmith Bailey** (Republican) 54.74% - Eli Thayer (Constitutional Union) 44.65% - S. W. Stevens (Breckinridge Democratic) 0.61% |- ! | Charles Delano | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles Delano** (Republican) 75.39% - Josiah Allis (Democratic) 19.02% - Benning Leavitt (Breckenridge Democratic) 5.6% |- ! | Henry L. Dawes | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Henry L. Dawes** (Republican) 67.71% - Norman T. Leonard (Democratic) 28.60% - John M. Cole (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.69% |} ## Michigan Michigan its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day. |- ! | William A. Howard | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-michigan) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Bradley F. Granger** (Republican) 52.51% - George V. Lathrop (Democratic) 47.03% - John Conely (Unknown) 0.45% |- ! | Henry Waldron | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-michigan) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Fernando C. Beaman** (Republican) 60.16% - Salathiel C. Coffenberry (Democratic) 39.84% |- ! | Francis W. Kellogg | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-michigan) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Francis W. Kellogg** (Republican) 59.04% - Thomas B. Church (Democratic) 40.59% - John Bell (Unknown) 0.37% |- ! | Dewitt C. Leach | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-michigan) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Rowland E. Trowbridge** (Republican) 55.79% - Edward Thompson (Democratic) 44.21% |} ## Minnesota Minnesota elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day. |- ! | Cyrus Aldrich | | Republican | [1858](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-minnesota) | Incumbent re-elected. - **Cyrus Aldrich** (Republican) 31.75% - **William Windom** (Republican) 31.51% - John M. Gilman (Democratic) 17.30% - James George (Democratic) 17.24% - Alonzo Jay Edgerton (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.12% - James W. Taylor (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.09% |- ! | William Windom | | Republican | [1858](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-minnesota) | Incumbent re-elected. |} ## Mississippi Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress. |- ! | Lucius Q. C. Lamar | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-mississippi) | | Incumbent retired in December 1860. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Reuben Davis | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-mississippi) | | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | William Barksdale | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-mississippi) | | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Otho R. Singleton | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-mississippi) | | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | John J. McRae | | Democratic | [1858 (special)](1858-mississippi-s-5th-congressional-district-special-election) | | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Missouri Missouri elected its members on September 10, 1860. |- ! | John R. Barret | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-missouri) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Francis Preston Blair Jr.** (Republican) 44.11% - John R. Barret (Democratic) 38.39% - Albert Todd (Constitutional Union) 17.49% |- ! | Thomas L. Anderson | | Independent Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-missouri) | | Incumbent retired. **Constitutional Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James S. Rollins** (Constitutional Union) 50.57% - John B. Henderson (Democratic) 49.43% |- ! | John Bullock Clark | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-missouri) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Bullock Clark** (Democratic) 59.53% - M. C. Hawkins (Constitutional Union) 40.47% |- ! | James Craig | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-missouri) | | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Elijah Hise Norton** (Democratic) 62.30% - John Scott (Constitutional Union) 37.70% |- ! | Samuel H. Woodson | | Know Nothing | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-missouri) | | Incumbent retired. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John William Reid** (Democratic) 52.82% - F. T. Mitchell (Constitutional Union) 47.18% |- ! | John S. Phelps | | Democratic | [1844](1844-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-missouri) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John S. Phelps** (Democratic) 48.92% - J. S. Rains (Constitutional Union) 40.19% - William C. Price (Democratic) 10.89% |- ! | John W. Noell | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-missouri) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John W. Noell** (Democratic) 73.45% - David E. Perryman (Constitutional Union) 26.55% |} ## Nebraska Territory See non-voting delegates, below. ## Nevada Territory See non-voting delegates, below. ## New Hampshire New Hampshire elected its members on March 12, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. |- ! | Gilman Marston | | Republican | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-hampshire) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Gilman Marston** (Republican) 52.86% - Daniel Marcy (Democratic) 47.14% |- ! | Mason Tappan | | Republican | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-hampshire) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Edward H. Rollins** (Republican) 52.36 - Samuel N. Bell (Democratic) 47.64% |- ! | Thomas M. Edwards | | Republican | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-hampshire) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thomas M. Edwards** (Republican) 54.23% - William Burns (Democratic) 45.77% |} ## New Jersey New Jersey elected its members on the November 6, 1860, Election Day. |- ! | John T. Nixon | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-jersey) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John T. Nixon** (Republican) 50.95% - Joseph F. Learning (Democratic) 49.05% |- ! | John L. N. Stratton | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-jersey) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John L. N. Stratton** (Republican) 52.77% - Augustus Green (Democratic) 47.23% |- ! | Garnett Adrain | | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-jersey) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William G. Steele** (Democratic) 55.17% - Alexander Berthoud (Republican) 44.83% |- ! | Jetur R. Riggs | | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-jersey) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George T. Cobb** (Democratic) 52.63% - Benjamin Edsell (Republican) 47.37% |- ! | William Pennington | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-jersey) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Nehemiah Perry** (Democratic) 50.63% - William Pennington (Republican) 49.37% |} ## New Mexico Territory See non-voting delegates, below. ## New York New York its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day. |- ! | Luther C. Carter | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Edward H. Smith** (Democratic) 52.78% - Luther C. Carter (Republican) 47.22% |- ! | James Humphrey | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Moses F. Odell** (Democratic) 55.07% - James Humphrey (Republican) 44.93% |- ! | Daniel Sickles | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Benjamin Wood** (Democratic) 52.83% - Amer J. Williamson (Republican) 41.11% - John Y. Savage (Ind. Democratic) 6.05% |- ! | Thomas J. Barr | | Independent Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James Kerrigan** (Ind. Democratic) 41.30% - Michael Tuomy (Democratic) 32.02% - John Commerford (Republican) 26.68% |- ! | William B. Maclay | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William Wall** (Republican) 41.00% - Nelson Taylor (Democratic) 40.61% - John Duffy (Ind. Democratic) 18.39% |- ! | John Cochrane | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent lost renomination. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Frederick A. Conkling** (Republican) 35.10% - John Cochrane (Ind. Democratic) 34.16% - John W. Chanler (Democratic) 30.74% |- ! | George Briggs | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Elijah Ward** (Democratic) 56.23% - Augustus F. Dow (Republican) 43.77% |- ! | Horace F. Clark | | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Isaac C. Delaplaine** (Democratic) 59.04% - Abram Wakeman (Republican) 40.96% |- ! | John B. Haskin | | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Edward Haight** (Democratic) 53.54% - Thomas Nelson (Republican) 46.46% |- ! | Charles Van Wyck | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles Van Wyck** (Republican) 50.45% - Daniel B. St. John (Democratic) 49.55% |- ! | William S. Kenyon | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John B. Steele** (Democratic) 50.38% - Peter H. Silvester (Republican) 49.62% |- ! | Charles Lewis Beale | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Stephen Baker** (Republican) 51.99% - Ambrose Wager (Democratic) 46.34% - John H. Overheister (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.67% |- ! | Abram B. Olin | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Abram B. Olin** (Republican) 51.13% - Issac McConihe (Democratic) 48.87% |- ! | John H. Reynolds | | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Erastus Corning** (Democratic) 51.85% - Thomas W. Olcott (Republican) 48.15% |- ! | James B. McKean | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James B. McKean** (Republican) 58.76% - Emerson E. Davis (Democratic) 41.24% |- ! | George W. Palmer | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William A. Wheeler** (Republican) 58.73% - Augustus C. Hand (Democratic) 41.27% |- ! | Francis E. Spinner | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Socrates N. Sherman** (Republican) 68.39% - Henry G. Foote (Democratic) 31.61% |- ! | Clark B. Cochrane | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Chauncey Vibbard** (Democratic) 50.88% - Simon H. Mix (Republican) 49.12% |- ! | James H. Graham | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Richard Franchot** (Republican) 56.97% - Lyman J. Walworth (Democratic) 43.03% |- ! | Roscoe Conkling | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Roscoe Conkling** (Republican) 58.28% - De Witt C. Grover (Democratic) 41.72% |- ! | R. Holland Duell | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **R. Holland Duell** (Republican) 62.21% - Simon C. Hitchcock (Democratic) 21.94% - Judson C. Nelson (Breckinridge Democratic) 15.86% |- ! | M. Lindley Lee | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William E. Lansing** (Republican) 63.73% - B. Franklin Chapman (Democratic) 36.27% |- ! | Charles B. Hoard | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Ambrose W. Clark** (Republican) 59.90% - James F. Starbuck (Democratic) 38.2% - George C. Sherman (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.90% |- ! | Charles B. Sedgwick | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Charles B. Sedgwick** (Republican) 60.42% - Lake Tefft (Democratic) 32.92% - Luther Hay (Breckinridge Democratic) 6.67% |- ! | Martin Butterfield | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Theodore M. Pomeroy** (Republican) 64.46% - William C. Beardsley (Democratic) 35.54% |- ! | Emory B. Pottle | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Jacob P. Chamberlain** (Republican) 58.26% - John L. Lewis (Democratic) 41.02% - George N. Clark (Independent) 0.72% |- ! | Alfred Wells | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Alexander S. Diven** (Republican) 57.20% - Harvey A. Dowe (Democratic) 42.80% |- ! | William Irvine | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Robert B. Van Valkenburgh** (Republican) 60.75% - Charles C. Walker (Democratic) 39.25% |- ! | Alfred Ely | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Alfred Ely** (Republican) 59.41% - Mortimer F. Reynolds (Democratic) 40.59% |- ! | Augustus Frank | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Augustus Frank** (Republican) 67.49% - Martin F. Robinson (Democratic) 32.51% |- ! | Edwin R. Reynolds | | Republican | [1860](1860-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Burt Van Horn** (Republican) 58.81% - Phineas L. Ely (Democratic) 39.94% - Jonathan L. Woods (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.26% |- ! | Elbridge G. Spaulding | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Elbridge G. Spaulding** (Republican) 52.82% - Solomon G. Haven (Democratic) 47.18% |- ! | Reuben Fenton | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-new-york) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Reuben Fenton** (Republican) 66.79% - Charles H. Lee (Democratic) 33.21% |} ## North Carolina North Carolina seceded on May 20, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress. |- ! | William N. H. Smith | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-north-carolina) | | Incumbent retired. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | Thomas H. Ruffin | | Democratic | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-north-carolina) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Warren Winslow | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-north-carolina) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Lawrence O'Bryan Branch | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-north-carolina) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | John A. Gilmer | | Opposition | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-north-carolina) | | Incumbent retired. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | James M. Leach | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-north-carolina) | | Incumbent retired. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | F. Burton Craige | | Democratic | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-north-carolina) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Zebulon Vance | | Democratic | [1858 (Special)](1858-north-carolina-s-8th-congressional-district-special-election) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Ohio |- ! | George H. Pendleton | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George H. Pendleton** (Democratic) 48.87% - Oliver M. Spencer (Republican) 42.97% - A. E. Jones (Constitutional Union) 8.16% |- ! | John A. Gurley | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John A. Gurley** (Republican) 48.09% - Alexander Long (Democratic) 43.08% - John Scott Harrison (Constitutional Union) 8.83% |- ! | Clement Vallandigham | | Democratic | [1858 (Won contest)](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Clement Vallandigham** (Democratic) 50.16% - Samuel Craighead (Republican) 49.55% - Andrew McClary (Unknown) 0.29% |- ! | William Allen | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William Allen** (Democratic) 51.73% - James Hart (Republican) 48.27% |- ! | James M. Ashley | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James M. Ashley** (Republican) 52.29% - James B. Steedman (Democratic) 47.71% |- ! | William Howard | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Chilton A. White** (Democratic) 53.23% - David H. Murphy (Republican) 46.77% |- ! | Thomas Corwin | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thomas Corwin** (Republican) 69.95% - William B. Telfair (Democratic) 20.16% - William Stokes (Constitutional Union) 9.89% |- ! | Benjamin Stanton | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Samuel Shellabarger** (Republican) 57.55% - James S. Harrison (Democratic) 41.23% - Edward P. Fyffe (Constitutional Union) 1.22% |- ! | John Carey | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Warren P. Noble** (Democratic) 51.12% - John Carey (Republican) 48.88% |- ! | Carey A. Trimble | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Carey Trimble** (Republican) 51.26% - Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 48.74% |- ! | Charles D. Martin | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Valentine B. Horton** (Republican) 51.49% - Charles D. Martin (Democratic) 48.52% |- ! | Samuel S. Cox | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Samuel S. Cox** (Democratic) 51.69% - Samuel Galloway (Republican) 47.54% - Thomas Sparrow (Unknown) 0.77% |- ! | John Sherman | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Sherman** (Republican) 57.16% - Barnabas Burns (Democratic) 42.84% |- ! | Harrison G. O. Blake | | Republican | [(Special)](1859-ohio-s-14th-congressional-district-special-election) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Harrison G. O. Blake** (Republican) 57.08% - Charles D. Prentiss (Democratic) 42.92% |- ! | William Helmick | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Robert H. Nugen** (Democratic) 52.13% - William Helmick (Republican) 47.87% |- ! | Cydnor B. Tompkins | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William P. Cutler** (Republican) 50.19% - Hugh J. Jewett (Democratic) 49.81% |- ! | Thomas C. Theaker | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James R. Morris** (Democratic) 51.00% - Thomas C. Theaker (Republican) 45.17% - M. J. Glover (Constitutional Union) 3.83% |- ! | Sidney Edgerton | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Sidney Edgerton** (Republican) 58.29% - David A. Starkweather (Democratic) 41.71% |- ! | Edward Wade | | Republican | [1852](1852-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Albert G. Riddle** (Republican) 69.06% - Andrew J. Williams (Democratic) 30.94% |- ! | John Hutchins | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Hutchins** (Republican) 71.97% - David M. Wilson (Democratic) 28.03% |- ! | John A. Bingham | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John A. Bingham** (Republican) 61.17% - George Wells (Democratic) 33.71% - J. S. Blakely (Unknown) 5.12% |} ## Oregon Poorly coordinated state legislation created confusion. As a result, two elections were held in 1860: on June 4 (won by George K. Shiel) and on November 6 (won by Andrew J. Thayer). Thayer was seated March 4, 1861, but Shiel contested the election. On July 30, 1861, the House Elections Committee seated the Shiel for the rest of the term ending March 3, 1863. Both disputants were Democrats. |- ! rowspan=2 | | | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected June 4, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner successfully challenged the results of the other election and was seated July 30, 1861. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George Shiel** (Democratic) 50.29% - David Logan (Republican) 49.71% |- | | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected November 6, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was initially seated but later lost election challenge. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Andrew J. Thayer** (Democratic) 96.44% - George Shiel (Democratic) 3.08% - Joseph Showalter Smith (Unknown) 0.47% |} ## Pennsylvania Pennsylvania elected its members on October 9, 1860. |- ! | Thomas B. Florence | | Democratic | [1848](1848-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William E. Lehman** (Democratic) 44.98% - John M. Butler (Republican) 44.28% - Edward King (Constitutional Union) 10.74% |- ! | Edward J. Morris | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Edward J. Morris** (Republican) 46.61% - John Broadhead (Democratic) 40.29% - Henry M. Fuller (Constitutional Union) 13.11% |- ! | John P. Verree | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John P. Verree** (Republican) 49.07% - John Kline (Democratic) 48.95% - Henry M. Hamilton (Constitutional Union) 1.97% |- ! | William Millward | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William D. Kelley** (Republican) 49.27% - William Morgan (Democratic) 43.42% - John B. Robinson (Constitutional Union) 7.3% |- ! | John Wood | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William M. Davis** (Republican) 47.90% - Harry Ingersoll (Democratic) 46.48% - James Rittenhouse (Constitutional Union) 5.62% |- ! | John Hickman | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent re-elected under a new party. **Republican gain** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Hickman** (Republican) 55.97% - John H. Brinton (Democratic) 42.51% - Frazier Smith (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 1.52% |- ! | Henry Clay Longnecker | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | **Democratic gain** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thomas Buchecker Cooper** (Democratic) 50.33% - Henry Clay Longnecker (Republican) 49.67% |- ! | Jacob K. McKenty | | Democratic | [1860](1860-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Sydenham E. Ancona** (Democratic) 58.42% - Levi B. Smith (Republican) 41.58% |- ! | Thaddeus Stevens | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thaddeus Stevens** (Republican) 96.5% - Scattering 3.5% |- ! | John W. Killinger | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John W. Killinger** (Republican) 62.04% - James Worrell (Democratic) 37.96% |- ! | James H. Campbell | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James H. Campbell** (Republican) 50.90% - John Hughes (Democratic) 49.10% |- ! | George W. Scranton | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George W. Scranton** (Republican) 51.53% - David R. Randall (Democratic) 48.47% |- ! | William H. Dimmick | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Philip Johnson** (Democratic) 57.30% - David K. Shoemaker (Republican) 42.70% |- ! | Galusha A. Grow | | Republican | [1850](1850-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Galusha A. Grow** (Republican) 71.38% - Daniel L. Serwood (Democratic) 28.62% |- ! | James Tracy Hale | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James Tracy Hale** (Republican) 53.76% - Robert Fleming (Democratic) 46.24% |- ! | Benjamin F. Junkin | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Joseph Bailey** (Democratic) 50.75% - Benjamin F. Junkin (Republican) 49.25% |- ! | Edward McPherson | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Edward McPherson** (Republican) 51.23% - William P Schell (Democratic) 48.77% |- ! | Samuel S. Blair | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Samuel S. Blair** (Republican) 57.64% - Archibald McAllister (Democratic) 42.36% |- ! | John Covode | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Covode** (Republican) 54.66% - Darwin Phelps (Democratic) 45.34% |- ! | William Montgomery | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Jesse Lazear** (Democratic) 52.90% - Andrew Stewart (Republican) 47.10% |- ! | James K. Moorhead | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **James K. Moorhead** (Republican) 61.31% - James Kerr (Democratic) 38.69% |- ! | Robert McKnight | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Robert McKnight** (Republican) 66.26% - Lewis Z. Mitchell (Ind. Democratic) 23.12% - George Case (Democratic) 10.62% |- ! | William Stewart | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John W. Wallace** (Republican) 55.58% - Samuel Holstein (Democratic) 44.42% |- ! | Chapin Hall | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Patton** (Republican) 53.58% - James K. Kerr (Democratic) 46.42% |- ! | Elijah Babbitt | | Republican | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Elijah Babbitt** (Republican) 65.85% - Edwin C. Wilson (Democratic) 34.15% |} ## Rhode Island Rhode Island elected its members on April 3, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. Both members elected represented the Constitutional Union Party. |- ! | Christopher Robinson | | Republican | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-rhode-island) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Constitutional Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William P. Sheffield** (Constitutional Union) 51.25% - Christopher Robinson (Republican) 48.75% |- ! | William D. Brayton | | Republican | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-rhode-island) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Constitutional Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George H. Browne** (Constitutional Union) 53.52% - William D. Brayton (Republican) 46.48% |} ## South Carolina South Carolina its members October 8–9, 1860. |- ! | John McQueen | | Democratic | [1844](1844-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-south-carolina) | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John McQueen** (Democratic) 96.94% - Charles W. Miller (Unknown) 3.06% |- ! | William P. Miles | | Democratic | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-south-carolina) | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William P. Miles** (Democratic) - *Unopposed* |- ! | Laurence M. Keitt | | Democratic | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-south-carolina) | |Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Lewis Malone Ayer Jr.** (Democratic) 73.77% - George P. Elliot (Unknown) 26.23% |- ! | Milledge L. Bonham | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-south-carolina) | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Milledge L. Bonham** (Democratic) - *Unopposed* |- ! | John D. Ashmore | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-south-carolina) | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John D. Ashmore** (Democratic) - *Unopposed* |- ! | William W. Boyce | | Democratic | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-south-carolina) | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William W. Boyce** (Democratic) - *Unopposed* |} ## Tennessee Tennessee elected its members for both the Confederate and Union Congresses on August 1, 1861, but only in East Tennessee for the Union, after the first session of the new Congress began. In districts 1-3 the contests were between candidates seeking to serve in different governments. Votes for the Confederate and Union Congress were deposited in the same box and counted together. Additionally, during the same election, ballots were cast for some of these individuals as candidates only for the U.S. Congress. These votes were tallied separately. The leading secessionist candidate in each district received his certificate of election to the Confederate Congress. |- ! rowspan=2 | **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thomas A. R. Nelson** (USC) 53.86% *(elected to Congress)* - **Joseph B. Heiskell** (CC) 39.84% *(elected to Confederate Congress)* - [FNU] Caldwell (CC) 4.98% - William McFarland (USC) 1.32% |- | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Thomas A. R. Nelson** (USC) 90.66% *(elected to Congress)* - William McFarland (USC) 6.67% - Frederick Heiskell (USC) 2.67% |- ! rowspan=2 | **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Horace Maynard** (USC) 59.23% *(elected to Congress)* - **James T. Shields** (CC) 40.77% *(elected to Confederate Congress)* |- | *Incomplete data* |- ! rowspan=2 | **Union gain.** Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George W. Bridges** (USC) 52.75% *(elected to Congress)* - **A. B. Welcker** (CC) 46.80% *(elected to Confederate Congress)* - Samuel A. Smith (Unknown) 0.45% |- | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **George W. Bridges** (USC) 100% *(elected to Congress)* |- ! | William B. Stokes | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) | | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **A. J. Clements** (Union) - *Unopposed* |- ! | Robert H. Hatton | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) | | No election. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | James H. Thomas | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) | | No election. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | John V. Wright | | Democratic | [1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) | | No election. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | James M. Quarles | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) | | No election. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | Emerson Etheridge | | Opposition | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) 1857 (lost) [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) | | No election. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | William T. Avery | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-tennessee) | | No election. Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Texas Texas seceded on February 1, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress. |- ! | John H. Reagan | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-texas) | | Incumbent resigned January 15, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Andrew J. Hamilton | | Independent Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-texas) | | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Utah Territory See non-voting delegates, below. ## Vermont Vermont its members September 4, 1860. |- ! | E. P. Walton | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-vermont) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **E. P. Walton** (Republican) 73.6% - Silas Wilcox (Democratic) 24.5% - U. M. Robinson (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.1% |- ! | Justin S. Morrill | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-vermont) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Justin S. Morrill** (Republican) 74.6% - Charles N. Davenport (Democratic) 19.5% - Asa M. Dickey (Breckinridge Democratic) 5.5% |- ! | Homer E. Royce | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-vermont) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Portus Baxter** (Republican) 71.6% - Arzo D. Chaffee (Democratic) 22.2% - Willis Lyman (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.9% - Carlos Baxter (Republican) 1.1% |} ## Virginia Virginia elected its members on October 24, 1861. |- ! | Muscoe Garnett | | Democratic | [1856 (special)](1856-virginia-s-1st-congressional-district-special-election) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** Winner was later disqualified. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Joseph Segar** (Union) - *Unopposed* |- ! | John S. Millson | | Democratic | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Daniel Coleman DeJarnette | | Independent Democratic | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Roger Pryor | | Democratic | [1859 (special)](1859-virginia-s-4th-congressional-district-special-election) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Thomas S. Bocock | | Democratic | [1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Shelton F. Leake | | Independent Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | William Smith | | Democratic | [1841 (special)](1841-virginia-s-13th-congressional-district-special-election) 1843 (lost) [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** Winner was later disqualified after being challenged by S. Ferguson Beach, who won an election held by the restored Virginia government. Both were declared not entitled to the seat in February 1862 and the seat was declared vacant. | nowrap | {{collapsible list|title=First election (May 23, 1861)| | **Charles H. Upton** (Union) Unopposed | **S. Ferguson Beach** (Union) 92.62% | Charles B. Shirley (Unknown) 7.38% |- ! | Alexander Boteler | | Opposition | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. Opposition loss. | None. |- ! | John T. Harris | | Independent Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic loss. | None. |- ! | Sherrard Clemens | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William G. Brown Sr.** (Union) 99.69% - Zedekiah Kidwell (Unknown) 0.31% |- ! | Albert G. Jenkins | | Democratic | [1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John S. Carlile** (Union) 99.28% - Albert G. Jenkins (Unknown) 0.72% |- ! | Henry A. Edmundson | | Democratic | [1849](1849-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent retired. **Union gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Kellian Whaley** (Union) - *Data incomplete* |- ! | Elbert S. Martin | | Independent Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia) | | Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Democratic loss. | None. |} ## Washington Territory See non-voting delegates, below. ## Wisconsin Wisconsin its members on Election Day, November 6, 1860. |- ! | John F. Potter | | Republican | [1856](1856-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-wisconsin) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John F. Potter** (Republican) 54.5% - Jonathan E. Arnold (Democratic) 45.5% |- ! | Cadwallader C. Washburn | | Republican | [1854](1854-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-wisconsin) | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Luther Hanchett** (Republican) 61.2% - James D. Reymert (Democratic) 38.8% |- ! | Charles H. Larrabee | | Democratic | [1858](1858-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-wisconsin) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **A. Scott Sloan** (Republican) 54.0% - Charles H. Larrabee (Democratic) 46.0% |} ## Non-voting delegates All are trans-Mississippi west non-voting delegates in the 37th Congress. |- ! | | New seat. **Conservative Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Hiram P. Bennet** (Conservative Republican) - |- ! | | New seat. **Democratic gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Blair Smith Todd** (Democratic) - |- ! | Samuel Gordon Daily | | Republican | [1860 (contest)](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-nebraska-territory) | Incumbent re-elected in 1862. | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **Samuel G. Daily** (Republican) - |- ! | | New seat. **Independent gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Cradlebaugh** (Independent) - |- ! | Miguel A. Otero | | Democratic | [1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-election-in-new-mexico-territory) | | Incumbent retired. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John Sebrie Watts** (Republican) - |- ! | William Henry Hooper | | Democratic | [1858 or 1859](1858-59-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections) | | Incumbent lost re-election. **Independent gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **John M. Bernhisel** (Independent) - William Henry Hooper (Democratic) - |- ! | Isaac Stevens | | Democratic | [1856 or 1857](1856-57-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections) | | Incumbent retired. **Republican gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist| - **William H. Wallace** (Republican) - Selucius Garfielde (Democratic) - |} ## Notes ## References ## Bibliography - - - - - ## References 1. Martis (1994), pp. 114–115. 2. {{USStat. 12. 411 3. ["Tennessee 4 Me - A Divided State"](http://www.tn4me.org/minor_cat.cfm/minor_id/1/major_id/5/era_id/5). 4. Martis, pp. 111, 113, 115. 5. Martis, pp. 31–35. 6. Simon, Harold. (2008). "Lincoln: President Elect. Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861". *Simon & Schuster*. 7. Martis, p. 36. 8. Martis, p. 34. 9. Martis, pp. 114, 115. 10. Freehling, William W.. (2007). "The Road to Disunion. Vol. II: Secessionists Triumphant: 1854-1861". *Oxford University Press*. 11. Long, E.B.. (1985). "The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac, 1861-1865". *Da Capo Press*. 12. Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005), "Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress". 13. ["State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results"](https://electionhistory.ct.gov/eng/). 14. (2016). "Unconditional Unionist: The Hazardous Life of Lucian Anderson, Kentucky Congressman". *McFarland*. 15. (December 12, 1862). ["Important from New-Orleans: Result of the Congressional Elections"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1862/12/12/90524422.html?zoom=15.540000000000001). *[[The New York Times]]*. 16. (1863-02-18). ["The Proceedings of Congress: House of Representatives"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1863/02/18/80273990.html). *The New York Times*. 17. [[John D. Winters]], ''The Civil War in Louisiana'', Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, {{ISBN. 0-8071-0834-0, pp. 133-134 18. ["CRAIG, James, (1818 - 1888)"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000857). *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*. 19. (1898). ["History of the Republican Party in Ohio"](https://books.google.com/books?id=eaAFAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA128). *the Lewis Publishing Company*. 20. (1897). "The American Historical Review: Volume 2". *American Historical Association*. 21. ["VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics"](https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/). 22. (November 2, 1860). ["Members of Congress For Vermont - Official Canvas -"](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vermont-watchman/169077155/). *Vermont Watchman*. 23. ["Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results"](http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/cspg/research/election_data_archive/pdf/WI_US_House_Election_Results.pdf). *Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs*. ::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860–61_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections) and is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the [article history page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860–61_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections?action=history). ::
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