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36th United States Congress

1859-1861 U.S. Congress

36th United States Congress

1859-1861 U.S. Congress

FieldValue
number36th
imageCapitol under const 1860.jpg
imagenameUnited States Capitol
imagedate1860
startMarch 4, 1859
endMarch 4, 1861
vpJohn C. Breckinridge (D)
pro temBenjamin Fitzpatrick (D)
Jesse D. Bright (D)
Solomon Foot (R)
speakerWilliam Pennington (R)
senators66
reps238
delegates5
s-majorityDemocratic
(until February 4, 1861)
Republican
(from February 4, 1861)
h-majorityRepublican-led coalition
sessionnumber1Special
sessionstart1March 4, 1859
sessionend1March 10, 1859
sessionnumber21st
sessionstart2December 5, 1859
sessionend2June 26, 1860
sessionnumber3Special
sessionstart3June 26, 1860
sessionend3June 28, 1860
sessionnumber42nd
sessionstart4December 3, 1860
sessionend4March 4, 1861
previous35th
next37th

Jesse D. Bright (D) Solomon Foot (R) |s-majority = Democratic (until February 4, 1861) Republican (from February 4, 1861) |h-majority = Republican-led coalition The 36th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1859, to March 4, 1861, during the third and fourth years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Republican plurality.

Major events

Main article: 1859 in the United States, 1860 in the United States, 1861 in the United States

  • June 8, 1859: Comstock Lode discovered in the western Utah Territory (present-day Nevada)
  • August 27, 1859: First oil well was drilled in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania
  • October 16–18, 1859: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
  • December 2, 1859 John Brown executed.
  • December 5, 1859 – February 1, 1860: The election for the House speakership takes 44 ballots
  • April 3, 1860: Pony Express began its first run
  • April 23 – May 3, 1860: Democratic National Convention held in Charleston, South Carolina. Unable to agree on a nominee, the delegates voted to reconvene in June.
  • May 9, 1860: Constitutional Union Party National Convention held in Baltimore, Maryland, nominating John Bell for president.
  • May 18, 1860: Republican National Convention held in Chicago, Illinois, nominating Abraham Lincoln for president.
  • June 18–23, 1860: Democratic Party reconvened in Baltimore, Maryland, nominating Stephen A. Douglas for president.
  • June 26–28, 1860: Southern Democrats held a convention in Richmond, Virginia, nominating John C. Breckinridge for president.
  • November 6, 1860: U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beat John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell.
  • December 20, 1860: South Carolina Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession | editor1-last = Hart | editor1-first = Albert Bushnell | editor2-last = Channing | editor2-first = Edward | access-date = 2017-11-15
  • January 3, 1861: Delaware Secession Convention voted not to secede from the Union
  • January 9, 1861: Mississippi Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
  • January 10, 1861: Florida Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
  • January 11, 1861: Alabama Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
  • January 18, 1861: Georgia Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
  • January 26, 1861: Louisiana Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
  • January 29, 1861. Kansas admitted to the Union as a free state.
  • February 1, 1861: Texas Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession
  • February 13, 1861: Joint Session of Congress certified the election of President Abraham Lincoln and Vice President Hannibal Hamlin.
  • February 23, 1861: The people of Texas ratified its Ordinance of Secession President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington, D.C. after an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland.

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901#1851 to 1861

  • June 16, 1860: Pacific Telegraph Act of 1860, ch. 147,
  • March 2, 1861: Morrill Tariff, ch. 68,
  • December 18, 1860 (introduced): Crittenden Compromise, rejected by the House of Representatives and the Senate

Constitutional amendments

  • March 2, 1861: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would shield "domestic institutions" of the states (which in 1861 included slavery) from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
    • This amendment, commonly known as the Corwin Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.

Treaties

  • March 8, 1859: Quinault Treaty ratified,
  • March 8, 1859: Point No Point Treaty ratified,

States admitted and territories organized

  • January 29, 1861: Kansas admitted as a state, ch. 20,
  • February 28, 1861: Colorado Territory organized, ch. 59,
  • March 2, 1861: Nevada Territory organized, ch. 83,
  • March 2, 1861: Dakota Territory organized, ch. 86,

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

President of the Senate<br>[[John C. Breckinridge

Senate

  • President: John C. Breckinridge (D)
  • President pro tempore: Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), until February 26, 1860
    • Jesse D. Bright (D), June 12–26, 1860
    • Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), June 26, 1860 – December 2, 1860
    • Solomon Foot (R), elected February 16, 1861

House of Representatives

  • Speaker: William Pennington (R), elected February 1, 1860, after 44 rounds of balloting
  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: George S. Houston

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

:Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 36th Congress

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1860.

[[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

: 2. Clement C. Clay Jr. (D), until January 21, 1861 : 3. Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), until January 21, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: 2. William K. Sebastian (D) : 3. Robert W. Johnson (D)

[[List of United States senators from California|California]]

: 1. David C. Broderick (D), until September 16, 1859 :: Henry P. Haun (D), November 3, 1859 – March 4, 1860 :: Milton Latham (D), from March 5, 1860 : 3. William M. Gwin (D)

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. James Dixon (R) : 3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. James A. Bayard Jr. (D) : 2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

[[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]]

: 1. Stephen Mallory (D), until January 21, 1861 : 3. David Levy Yulee (D), until January 21, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. Robert Toombs (D), until February 4, 1861 : 3. Alfred Iverson Sr. (D), until January 28, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]

: 2. Stephen A. Douglas (D) : 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

[[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]]

: 1. Jesse D. Bright (D) : 3. Graham N. Fitch (D)

[[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]

: 2. James W. Grimes (R) : 3. James Harlan (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]

: 2. Vacant from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state) : 3. Vacant from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. Lazarus W. Powell (D) : 3. John J. Crittenden (A)

[[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: 2. Judah P. Benjamin (D), until February 4, 1861 : 3. John Slidell (D), until February 4, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]

: 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R), until January 17, 1861 :: Lot M. Morrill (R), from January 17, 1861 : 2. William Pitt Fessenden (R)

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. Anthony Kennedy (A) : 3. James A. Pearce (D)

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 1. Charles Sumner (R) : 2. Henry Wilson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]

: 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) : 2. Kinsley S. Bingham (R)

[[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: 1. Henry M. Rice (D) : 2. Morton S. Wilkinson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: 1. Jefferson Davis (D), until January 21, 1861 : 2. Albert G. Brown (D), until January 12, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]

: 1. Trusten Polk (D) : 3. James S. Green (D)

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. John P. Hale (R) : 3. Daniel Clark (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. John R. Thomson (D) : 2. John C. Ten Eyck (R)

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 1. Preston King (R) : 3. William H. Seward (R)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. Thomas Bragg (D) : 3. Thomas L. Clingman (D)

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. Benjamin Wade (R) : 3. George E. Pugh (D)

[[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]

: 2. Edward D. Baker (R), from October 2, 1860 : 3. Joseph Lane (D)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. Simon Cameron (R) : 3. William Bigler (D)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. James F. Simmons (R) : 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. James Chesnut Jr. (D), until November 10, 1860 : 3. James H. Hammond (D), until November 11, 1860

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. Andrew Johnson (D) : 2. Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D), until March 3, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]

: 1. Matthias Ward (D), until December 5, 1859 :: Louis Wigfall (D), from December 5, 1859 : 2. John Hemphill (D)

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 1. Solomon Foot (R) : 3. Jacob Collamer (R)

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 1. James M. Mason (D) : 2. Robert M. T. Hunter (D)

[[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: 1. James R. Doolittle (R) : 3. Charles Durkee (R)

]]

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 36th Congress

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

[[List of United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

: . James A. Stallworth (D), until January 21, 1861 : . James L. Pugh (D), until January 21, 1861 : . David Clopton (D), until January 21, 1861 : . Sydenham Moore (D), until January 21, 1861 : . George S. Houston (D), until January 21, 1861 : . Williamson R. W. Cobb (D), until January 30, 1861 : . Jabez L. M. Curry (D), until January 21, 1861

[[List of United States representatives from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: . Thomas C. Hindman (D) : . Albert Rust (D)

[[List of United States representatives from California|California]]

: . John C. Burch (D) : . Charles L. Scott (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: . Dwight Loomis (R) : . John Woodruff (R) : . Alfred A. Burnham (R) : . Orris S. Ferry (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

: . William G. Whiteley (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Florida|Florida]]

: . George S. Hawkins (D), until January 21, 1861

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

: . Peter E. Love (D), until January 23, 1861 : . Martin J. Crawford (D), until January 23, 1861 : . Thomas Hardeman Jr. (O), until January 23, 1861 : . Lucius J. Gartrell (D), until January 23, 1861 : . John W. H. Underwood (D), until January 23, 1861 : . James Jackson (D), until January 23, 1861 : . Joshua Hill (O), until January 23, 1861 : . John J. Jones (D), until January 23, 1861

[[List of United States representatives from Illinois|Illinois]]

: . Elihu B. Washburne (R) : . John F. Farnsworth (R) : . Owen Lovejoy (R) : . William Kellogg (R) : . Isaac N. Morris (D) : . John A. McClernand (D), from November 8, 1859 : . James C. Robinson (D) : . Philip B. Fouke (D) : . John A. Logan (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Indiana|Indiana]]

: . William E. Niblack (D) : . William H. English (D) : . William McKee Dunn (R) : . William S. Holman (D) : . David Kilgore (R) : . Albert G. Porter (R) : . John G. Davis (ALD) : . James Wilson (R) : . Schuyler Colfax (R) : . Charles Case (R) : . John U. Pettit (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Iowa|Iowa]]

: . Samuel Curtis (R) : . William Vandever (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kansas|Kansas]]

: . Martin F. Conway (R), from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: . Henry C. Burnett (D) : . Samuel O. Peyton (D) : . Francis Bristow (O) : . William C. Anderson (O) : . John Y. Brown (D), from December 3, 1860 : . Green Adams (O) : . Robert Mallory (O) : . William E. Simms (D) : . Laban T. Moore (O) : . John W. Stevenson (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: . John E. Bouligny (A) : . Miles Taylor (D), until February 5, 1861 : . Thomas G. Davidson (D) : . John M. Landrum (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Maine|Maine]]

: . Daniel E. Somes (R) : . John J. Perry (R) : . Ezra B. French (R) : . Freeman H. Morse (R) : . Israel Washburn Jr. (R), until January 1, 1861 :: Stephen Coburn (R), from January 2, 1861 : . Stephen C. Foster (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

: . James A. Stewart (D) : . Edwin H. Webster (A) : . J. Morrison Harris (A) : . Henry Winter Davis (A) : . Jacob M. Kunkel (D) : . George W. Hughes (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: . Thomas D. Eliot (R) : . James Buffington (R) : . Charles F. Adams Sr. (R) : . Alexander H. Rice (R) : . Anson Burlingame (R) : . John B. Alley (R) : . Daniel W. Gooch (R) : . Charles R. Train (R) : . Eli Thayer (R) : . Charles Delano (R) : . Henry L. Dawes (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Michigan|Michigan]]

: . George B. Cooper (D), until May 15, 1860 :: William A. Howard (R), from May 15, 1860 : . Henry Waldron (R) : . Francis W. Kellogg (R) : . Dewitt C. Leach (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. (2 Republicans) : . Cyrus Aldrich (R) : . William Windom (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: . Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D), until December 20, 1860 : . Reuben Davis (D), until January 12, 1861 : . William Barksdale (D), until January 12, 1861 : . Otho R. Singleton (D), until January 12, 1861 : . John J. McRae (D), until January 12, 1861

[[List of United States representatives from Missouri|Missouri]]

: . John R. Barret (D), until June 8, 1860 :: Francis P. Blair Jr. (R), June 8, 1860 – June 25, 1860 :: John R. Barret (D), from December 3, 1860 : . Thomas L. Anderson (ID) : . John B. Clark (D) : . James Craig (D) : . Samuel H. Woodson (A) : . John S. Phelps (D) : . John W. Noell (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: . Gilman Marston (R) : . Mason Tappan (R) : . Thomas M. Edwards (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: . John T. Nixon (R) : . John L. N. Stratton (R) : . Garnett Adrain (ALD) : . Jetur R. Riggs (ALD) : . William Pennington (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

: . Luther C. Carter (R) : . James Humphrey (R) : . Daniel Sickles (D) : . Thomas J. Barr (ID) : . William B. Maclay (D) : . John Cochrane (D) : . George Briggs (R) : . Horace F. Clark (ALD) : . John B. Haskin (ALD) : . Charles H. Van Wyck (R) : . William S. Kenyon (R) : . Charles L. Beale (R) : . Abram B. Olin (R) : . John H. Reynolds (ALD) : . James B. McKean (R) : . George W. Palmer (R) : . Francis E. Spinner (R) : . Clark B. Cochrane (R) : . James H. Graham (R) : . Roscoe Conkling (R) : . R. Holland Duell (R) : . M. Lindley Lee (R) : . Charles B. Hoard (R) : . Charles B. Sedgwick (R) : . Martin Butterfield (R) : . Emory B. Pottle (R) : . Alfred Wells (R) : . William Irvine (R) : . Alfred Ely (R) : . Augustus Frank (R) : . Silas M. Burroughs (R), until June 3, 1860 :: Edwin R. Reynolds (R), from December 5, 1860 : . Elbridge G. Spaulding (R) : . Reuben Fenton (R)

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: . William N. H. Smith (O) : . Thomas Ruffin (D) : . Warren Winslow (D) : . Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (D) : . John Gilmer (O) : . James M. Leach (O) : . F. Burton Craige (D) : . Zebulon Vance (O)

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

: . George H. Pendleton (D) : . John A. Gurley (R) : . Clement Vallandigham (D) : . William Allen (D) : . James M. Ashley (R) : . William Howard (D) : . Thomas Corwin (R) : . Benjamin Stanton (R) : . John Carey (R) : . Carey A. Trimble (R) : . Charles D. Martin (D) : . Samuel S. Cox (D) : . John Sherman (R) : . Cyrus Spink (R), until May 31, 1859 :: Harrison G. O. Blake (R), from October 11, 1859 : . William Helmick (R) : . Cydnor B. Tompkins (R) : . Thomas C. Theaker (R) : . Sidney Edgerton (R) : . Edward Wade (R) : . John Hutchins (R) : . John Bingham (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Oregon|Oregon]]

: . Lansing Stout (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: . Thomas B. Florence (D) : . Edward Joy Morris (R) : . John P. Verree (R) : . William Millward (R) : . John Wood (R) : . John Hickman (ALD) : . Henry C. Longnecker (R) : . John Schwartz (ALD), until June 20, 1860 :: Jacob K. McKenty (D), from December 3, 1860 : . Thaddeus Stevens (R) : . John W. Killinger (R) : . James H. Campbell (R) : . George W. Scranton (R) : . William H. Dimmick (D) : . Galusha A. Grow (R) : . James T. Hale (R) : . Benjamin F. Junkin (R) : . Edward McPherson (R) : . Samuel S. Blair (R) : . John Covode (R) : . William Montgomery (D) : . James K. Moorhead (R) : . Robert McKnight (R) : . William Stewart (R) : . Chapin Hall (R) : . Elijah Babbitt (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: . Christopher Robinson (R) : . William D. Brayton (R)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: . John McQueen (D), until December 21, 1860 : . William P. Miles (D), until December 21, 1860 : . Laurence M. Keitt (D), until December 1860 : . Milledge L. Bonham (D), until December 21, 1860 : . John D. Ashmore (D), until December 21, 1860 : . William W. Boyce (D), until December 21, 1860

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: . Thomas A. R. Nelson (O) : . Horace Maynard (O) : . Reese B. Brabson (O) : . William B. Stokes (O) : . Robert H. Hatton (O) : . James H. Thomas (D) : . John V. Wright (D) : . James M. Quarles (O) : . Emerson Etheridge (O) : . William T. Avery (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Texas|Texas]]

: . John H. Reagan (D) : . Andrew J. Hamilton (ID)

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

: . Eliakim P. Walton (R) : . Justin S. Morrill (R) : . Homer E. Royce (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

: . Muscoe R. H. Garnett (D) : . John S. Millson (D) : . Daniel C. De Jarnette (ID) : . William Goode (D), until July 3, 1859 :: Roger A. Pryor (D), from December 7, 1859 : . Thomas S. Bocock (D) : . Shelton Leake (ID) : . William Smith (D) : . Alexander Boteler (O) : . John T. Harris (ID) : . Sherrard Clemens (D) : . Albert G. Jenkins (D) : . Henry A. Edmundson (D) : . Elbert S. Martin (ID)

[[List of United States representatives from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: . John F. Potter (R) : . Cadwallader C. Washburn (R) : . Charles H. Larrabee (D)

Non-voting members

: . Marcus J. Parrott (R), until January 29, 1861 : . Experience Estabrook, until May 18, 1860

: . Miguel A. Otero (D) : . William H. Hooper (D) : . Isaac Stevens (D) ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/36_us_house_membership.png" caption=""] :: ::data[format=table] | House seats by party holding plurality in state | |---| | | | | | | :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/William_Pennington_portrait.jpg" caption="Speaker of the House<br/>[[William Pennington"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/House_of_Representatives_and_Speaker_Henry_Wilson_-_NARA_-_528743.jpg" caption="Group photo of the U.S. House of Representatives, in 1860, during this Congress."] :: ## Changes in membership The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. ### Senate - Replacements: 4 - Democrats (D): no net change - Republicans (R): no net change - Deaths: 1 - Resignations: 1 - Interim appointments: 1 - Withdrawals: 13 - **Total seats with changes: 16** Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy -- |- | Oregon (2) | Vacant | Successor elected late due to legislature's failure to elect. | | Edward D. Baker (R) | October 2, 1860 |- | California (1) | | David C. Broderick (D) | Died September 16, 1859, after taking part in a duel he participated in, which he was unlucky. Interim successor was appointed to continue the term. | | Henry P. Haun (D) | November 3, 1859 |- | Texas (1) | | Matthias Ward (D) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term Successor elected December 5, 1859. | | Louis Wigfall (D) | December 5, 1859 |- | California (1) | | Henry P. Haun (D) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term Successor elected March 5, 1860. | | Milton Latham (D) | March 5, 1860 |- | South Carolina (2) | | James Chesnut Jr. (D) | Withdrew November 10, 1860. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | South Carolina (3) | | James H. Hammond (D) | Withdrew November 11, 1860. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Mississippi (2) | | Albert G. Brown (D) | Withdrew January 12, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Maine (1) | | Hannibal Hamlin (R) | Resigned January 17, 1861, to become Vice President of the United States. Successor elected January 17, 1861. | | Lot M. Morrill (R) | January 17, 1861 |- | Alabama (3) | | Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Alabama (2) | | Clement C. Clay (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Florida (1) | | Stephen Mallory (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Florida (3) | | David L. Yulee (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Mississippi (1) | | Jefferson Davis (D) | Withdrew January 21, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Georgia (3) | | Alfred Iverson Sr. (D) | Withdrew January 28, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Kansas (2) | New seat | New state admitted to the Union January 29, 1861 Senator was not elected until the next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Kansas (3) | New seat | New state admitted to the Union January 29, 1861 Senator was not elected until the next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Georgia (2) | | Robert Toombs (D) | Withdrew February 4, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Louisiana (2) | | Judah P. Benjamin (D) | Withdrew February 4, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Louisiana (3) | | John Slidell (D) | Withdrew February 4, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |- | Tennessee (2) | | Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D) | Withdrew March 3, 1861. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |} ### House of Representatives - Replacements: 7 - Democrats (D): no net change - Republicans (R): 1 seat net loss - Anti-Lecompton Democrats (LD): 1 seat net gain - Deaths: 4 - Resignations: 3 - Contested election: 1 - Withdrawals: 28 - **Total seats with changes: 41** Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy -- *Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives* |- | | Vacant | | John A. McClernand (D) | Seated November 8, 1859 |- | | Vacant | | John Y. Brown (D) | Seated December 3, 1860 |- | | | Cyrus Spink (R) | | Harrison G. O. Blake (R) | Seated October 11, 1859 |- | | | William Goode (D) | | Roger A. Pryor (D) | Seated December 7, 1859 |- | | | George B. Cooper (D) | | Francis P. Blair Jr. (R) | Seated May 15, 1860 |- | | Experience Estabrook | | Samuel G. Daily (R) | Seated May 18, 1860 |- | | | Silas M. Burroughs (R) | | Edwin R. Reynolds (R) | Seated December 5, 1860 |- | | | John R. Barret (D) | | William A. Howard (R) | Seated June 8, 1860 |- | | | John Schwartz (ALD) | | Jacob K. McKenty (D) | Seated December 3, 1860 |- | | | William A. Howard (R) | | John R. Barret (D) | Seated December 3, 1860 |- | | | Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Laurence M. Keitt (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | John McQueen (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | William P. Miles (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Milledge L. Bonham (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | John D. Ashmore (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | William W. Boyce (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Israel Washburn Jr. (R) | | Stephen Coburn (R) | Seated January 2, 1861 |- | | | Reuben Davis (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | William Barksdale (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Otho R. Singleton (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | John J. McRae (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | James A. Stallworth (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | James L. Pugh (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | David Clopton (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Sydenham Moore (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | George S. Houston (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Jabez L. M. Curry (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | George S. Hawkins (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Peter E. Love (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Martin J. Crawford (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Thomas Hardeman Jr. (O) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Lucius J. Gartrell (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | John W. H. Underwood (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | James Jackson (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Joshua Hill (O) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | John J. Jones (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Marcus J. Parrott (R) |- | | New Seat | | Martin F. Conway (R) | Seated January 29, 1861 |- | | | Williamson R. W. Cobb (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | | Miles Taylor (D) | Vacant | Not filled this term |} ## Committees Lists of committees and their party leaders. ### Senate - Alter and Improve Senate Chamber (Select) - Amendments to the Constitution (Select) - Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Andrew Johnson) - Banks of the District of Columbia (Select) - Circulation of Bank Notes in the District of Columbia (Select) - Claims (Chairman: Alfred Iverson Jr.) - Commerce (Chairman: Clement Claiborne Clay) - Comptroller William Medill (Select) - Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) - District of Columbia (Chairman: Albert G. Brown) - Duties of Imports (Select) - Finance (Chairman: Robert M. T. Hunter) - Foreign Relations (Chairman: James M. Mason) - French Spoilations (Select) - Harpers Ferry Invasion (Select) - Indian Affairs (Chairman: William K. Sebastian) - Judiciary (Chairman: James A. Bayard Jr.) - Memorial of Houmas Lands Settlers (Select) - Military Affairs (Chairman: Jefferson Davis) - Naval Affairs (Chairman: Stephen Mallory) - Ordnance and War Ships (Select) - Pacific Railroad (Select) - Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: William Bigler) - Pensions (Chairman: N/A) - Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: N/A) - Printing (Chairman: N/A) - Public Printing Investigation (Select) - Private Land Claims (Chairman: N/A) - Public Lands (Chairman: Robert W. Johnson) - Retrenchment (Chairman: N/A) - Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: N/A) - Tariff Regulation (Select) - Territories (Chairman: N/A) - Thirteen on the Disturbed Condition of the Country (Select) - Whole ### House of Representatives - Accounts (Chairman: Francis E. Spinner) - Agriculture (Chairman: Martin Butterfield) - Claims (Chairman: John Hickman) - Commerce (Chairman: Elihu B. Washburne) - District of Columbia (Chairman: Luther C. Carter) - Elections (Chairman: John A. Gilmer) - Engraving (Chairman: Garnett B. Adrain) - Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: N/A) - Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Robert Hatton) - Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: George W. Palmer) - Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: James B. McKean) - Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Dwight Loomis) - Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William Stewart) - Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: William D. Brayton) - Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Corwin) - Indian Affairs (Chairman: Emerson Etheridge) - Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Reuben E. Fenton) - Judiciary (Chairman: John Hickman) - Manufactures (Chairman: Charles F. Adams) - Mileage (Chairman: John D. Ashmore) - Military Affairs (Chairman: Benjamin Stanton) - Militia (Chairman: Cydnor B. Tompkins) - Naval Affairs (Chairman: Freeman H. Morse) - Patents (Chairman: William Millward) - Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Schuyler Colfax) - Private Land Claims (Chairman: Cadwallader C. Washburn) - Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Charles R. Train) - Public Expenditures (Chairman: John B. Haskin) - Public Lands (Chairman: Eli Thayer) - Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John A. Logan) - Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: George N. Briggs) - Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: John F. Potter) - Roads and Canals (Chairman: Robert Mallory) - Rules (Select) - Standards of Official Conduct - Territories (Chairman: Galusha A. Grow) - Ways and Means (Chairman: John Sherman) - Whole ### Joint committees - Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. Henry Haun then Sen. Willard Saulsbury Sr.) - The Library (Chairman: Rep. John U. Pettit) - Printing (Chairman: Rep. John A. Gurley) - Making Arrangements for Inaugurating Washington's Statue ## Caucuses - Democratic (House) - Democratic (Senate) ## Employees ### [[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors - Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter - Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan ### Senate - Chaplain: Stephen P. Hill (Baptist), until December 15, 1859 - Phineas D. Gurley (Presbyterian), elected December 15, 1859 - Secretary: Asbury Dickins - Sergeant at Arms: Dunning R. McNair ### House of Representatives - Clerk: James C. Allen, until February 3, 1860 - John W. Forney, elected February 3, 1860 - Chaplain: None - Doorkeeper: Robert B. Hackney, until February 6, 1860 - George Marston, elected February 6, 1860 - Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice - Postmaster: Josiah M. Lucas - Reading Clerks: - Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner, until February 3, 1860 - Henry William Hoffman, from February 3, 1860 ## Notes ## References ## References - - - {{cite book | editor1-last = Hart | editor1-first = Albert Bushnell | editor2-last = Channing | editor2-first = Edward | access-date = 2017-11-15 ## References 1. (June 19, 2010). ["1860 Democratic Convention Number 1 - Charleston, South Carolina"](http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa080400b.htm). *Usgovinfo.about.com*. 2. (August 19, 2006). ["1860 Democratic National Convention"](http://blueandgraytrail.com/event/1860_Democratic_National_Convention). *Blueandgraytrail.com*. 3. ["Constitutional Union party Facts, information, pictures &#124; Encyclopedia.com articles about Constitutional Union party"](http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Constitutional_Union_party.aspx). *Encyclopedia.com*. 4. ["Ordinance of Secession of South Carolina"](http://www.csawardept.com/documents/secession/SC/). *Csawardept.com*. 5. (January 4, 1861). ["The Delaware Legislature.; Reception Of The Secession Commissioner From Mississippi"](https://www.nytimes.com/1861/01/04/news/delaware-legislature-reception-secession-commissioner-mississippi.html). *The New York Times*. 6. ["Ordinance of Secession of Mississippi"](http://www.csawardept.com/documents/secession/MS/). *Csawardept.com*. 7. ["Ordinance of Secession of Florida"](http://www.csawardept.com/documents/secession/FL/). *Csawardept.com*. 8. ["Ordinance of Secession of Alabama"](http://www.csawardept.com/documents/secession/AL/). *Csawardept.com*. 9. ["Ordinance of Secession of Georgia"](http://www.csawardept.com/documents/secession/GA/). *Csawardept.com*. 10. ["Ordinance of Secession of Louisiana"](http://www.csawardept.com/documents/secession/LA/). *Csawardept.com*. 11. ["Ordinance of Secession of Texas"](http://www.csawardept.com/documents/secession/TX/). *Csawardept.com*. 12. ["Historical Highlights: Session to Count 1860 Electoral College Votes"](https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/1861_02_13_Joint_Session_Electoral_Votes/). 13. Shafer, Ronald G.. (2012-12-30). ["When the House needed two months and 133 votes to elect a speaker"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/12/30/house-speaker-longest-vote/). *The Washington Post*. ::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_United_States_Congress) and is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the [article history page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_United_States_Congress?action=history). ::
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