37th United States Congress

Major events

Main article: 1861 in the United States, 1862 in the United States, 1863 in the United States

• March 4, 1861: Republican pluralities are seated in Senate and House, becoming governing majorities in both Houses given vacancies among Southerners. Louisiana has 2 of 4 representatives remaining. Although represented in the Confederate Congress, Missouri and Kentucky remained with full delegations in the 37th Congress.
• March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated President of the United States.
• April 12–14, 1861: Battle of Fort Sumter, Civil War began.
• April 19, 1861: Union blockade of the South begins at Fort Monroe, Virginia.
• April 27, 1861: President Lincoln suspends habeas corpus from Washington, D.C., to Philadelphia and called up 75,000 militia.
• May 6, 1861: Arkansas Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession. Alt URL
• May 20, 1861: North Carolina Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession.
• May 23, 1861: Virginia popular referendum ratified Ordinance of Secession. 5 of 12 U.S. Representatives remained. Two senators from the "Restored Government of Virginia" replaced the two who withdrew.
• June 8, 1861: Tennessee popular referendum ratified Ordinance of Secession. 3 of 10 U.S. Representatives remain. One Senator, Andrew Johnson, remained.
• July 21, 1861: First Battle of Bull Run Union approach to Richmond is repulsed.
• September 17, 1862: Battle of Antietam rebel invasion into Maryland is repulsed.
• September 22, 1862: Emancipation Proclamation ordered, to begin January 1, 1863.
• November 1862: 1862 and 1863 United States House of Representatives elections and 1862 and 1863 United States Senate elections: Democrats gained 31 House seats to 31% and lost 5 Senate seats to 19%.

Two special sessions

The Senate, a continuing body, was called into special session by President Lincoln, meeting from March 4 to 28, 1861. The border states and Texas were still represented. Shortly after the Senate session adjourned, Fort Sumter was attacked. The immediate results were to draw four additional states "into the confederacy with their more Southern sisters", and Lincoln called Congress into extraordinary session on July 4, 1861. The Senate confirmed calling forth troops and raising money to suppress rebellion as authorized in the Constitution.

Both Houses then duly met July 4, 1861. Seven states which would send representatives held their state elections for Representative over the months of May to June 1861. Members taking their seats had been elected before the secession crisis, during the formation of the Confederate government, and after Fort Sumter.

Once assembled with a quorum in the House, Congress approved Lincoln's war powers innovations as necessary to preserve the Union. Following the July Federal defeat at First Manassas, the Crittenden Resolution asserted the reason for "the present deplorable civil war". It was meant as an address to the nation, especially to the Border States at a time of U.S. military reverses, when the war support in border state populations was virtually the only thing keeping them in the Union.

Following resignations and expulsions occasioned by the outbreak of the Civil War, five states had some degree of dual representation in the U.S and the C.S. congresses. Congress accredited Members elected running in these five as Unionist (19), Democratic (6), Constitutional Unionist (1) and Republican (1). All ten Kentucky and all seven Missouri representatives were accepted. The other three states seated four of thirteen representatives from Virginia, three of ten Tennesseans, and two of four from Louisiana.

The Crittenden Resolution declared the civil war "... has been forced upon the country by the disunionists of the southern States..." and it would be carried out for the supremacy of the Constitution and the preservation of the Union, and, that accomplished, "the war ought to cease". Democrats seized on this document, especially its assurances of no conquest or overthrowing domestic institutions (emancipation of slaves).

Slaves and slavery

Congressional policy and military strategy were intertwined. In the first regular March session, Republicans superseded the Crittenden Resolution, removing the prohibition against emancipation of slaves.

In South Carolina, Gen. David Hunter issued a General Order in early May 1862 freeing all slaves in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. President Lincoln quickly rescinded the order, reserving this "supposed power" to his own discretion if it were indispensable to saving the Union. Later in the same month without directly disobeying Lincoln's prohibition against emancipation, General Benjamin Butler at Fort Monroe Virginia declared slaves escaped into his lines as "contraband of war", that is, forfeit to their rebel owners. On May 24, Congress followed General Butler's lead, and passed the First Confiscation Act in August, freeing slaves used for rebellion.

In Missouri, John C. Frémont, the 1856 Republican nominee for president, exceeded his authority as a General, declaring that all slaves held by rebels within his military district would be freed. Republican majorities in Congress responded on opening day of the December Session. Sen. Lyman Trumbull introduced a bill for confiscation of rebel property and emancipation for their slaves. "Acrimonious debate on confiscation proved a major preoccupation" of Congress. On March 13, 1862, Congress banned military officers from enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act under penalty of dismissal. The next month, the Congress abolished slavery in the District of Columbia with compensation for loyal citizens. An additional Confiscation Act in July declared free all slaves held by citizens in rebellion, but it had no practical effect without addressing where the act would take effect, or how ownership was to be proved.

Lincoln's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation was issued September 22, 1862. It became the principal issue before the public in the mid-term elections that year for the 38th Congress. But Republican majorities in both houses held (see 'Congress as a campaign machine' below), and the Republicans actually increased their majority in the Senate.

On January 1, 1863, the war measure by executive proclamation directed the army and the navy to treat all escaped slaves as free when entering Union lines from territory still in rebellion. The measure would take effect when the escaped slave entered Union lines and loyalty of the previous owner was irrelevant. Congress passed enabling legislation to carry out the Proclamation including "Freedman's Bureau" legislation. The practical effect was a massive internal evacuation of Confederate slave labor, and augmenting Union Army teamsters, railroad crews and infantry for the duration of the Civil War.

Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War

Congress assumed watchdog responsibilities with this and other investigating committees.

The principle conflict between the president and congress was found in the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War. Eight thick volumes of testimony were filled with investigations of Union defeats and contractor scandals.

They were highly charged with partisan opinions "vehemently expressed" by chair Benjamin Wade of Ohio, Representative George Washington Julian of Indiana, and Zachariah Chandler of Michigan.

Sen. Chandler, who had been one of McClellan's advocates promoting his spectacular rise, particularly documented criticism of McClellan's Peninsular Campaign with its circuitous maneuvering, endless entrenchment and murderous camp diseases. It led to support for his dismissal.

A congressional committee could ruin a reputation, without itself having any military expertise. It would create the modern Congressional era in which generals fought wars with Congress looking over their shoulders, "and with public opinion following closely behind".

Republican Platform goals

Republican majorities in both houses, apart from pro-union Democrats, and without vacant southern delegations, were able to enact their party platform. These included the Legal Tender Act, February 20, 1862, and increases in the tariff that amounted to protective tariffs. The Homestead Act, May 20, 1862, for government lands, and the Morrill Land Grant Act, July 2, 1862, for universities promoting practical arts in agriculture and mining, had no immediate war purpose. But they would have long range effects, as would the Pacific Railroad Act, July 1, 1862, for a transcontinental railroad.

Treasury innovations were driven by Secretary Salmon P. Chase and necessity of war. The Income Tax of 1861, numerous taxes on consumer goods such as whiskey, and a national currency all began in Civil War Congresses.

Congress as election machinery

Member's floor speeches were not meant to be persuasive, but for publication in partisan newspapers. The real audience was the constituents back home. Congressional caucuses organized and funded political campaigns, publishing pamphlet versions of speeches and circulating them by the thousands free of postage on the member's franking privilege. Party congressional committees stayed in Washington during national campaigns, keeping an open flow of subsidized literature pouring back into the home districts.

Nevertheless, like other Congresses in the 1850s and 1860s, this Congress would see less than half of its membership reelected. The characteristic turmoil found in the "3rd Party Period, 1855-1896" stirred political party realignment in the North even in the midst of civil war. In this Congress, failure to gain nomination and loss at the general election together accounted for a Membership turnover of 25%.

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901#1821 to 1831

• August 5, 1861: Revenue Act of 1861, Sess. 1, ch. 45,
• August 6, 1861: Confiscation Act of 1861, Sess. 1, ch. 60,
• February 19, 1862: Anti-Coolie Act, Sess. 1, ch. 24, 27,
• February 25, 1862: Legal Tender Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 33,
• April 16, 1862: District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, Sess. 2, ch. 54,
• May 15, 1862: An Act to Establish a Department of Agriculture, Sess. 2, ch. 72,
• May 20, 1862: Homestead Act, Sess. 2, ch. 75,
• May 20, 1862: Washington County Public Primary Schools Act ("An Act to provide for the Public Instruction of Youth in Primary Schools throughout the County of Washington, in the District of Columbia, without the Limits of the Cities of Washington and Georgetown"), Sess. 2, ch. 77,
• May 21, 1862: Georgetown and Washington Cities Colored Children Education Act ("An Act providing for the Education of Colored Children in the Cities of Washington and Georgetown, District of Columbia, and for other Purposes"), Sess. 2, ch. 83,
• June 19, 1862: An Act to secure Freedom to all persons within the Territories of the United States, Sess. 2, ch 111,
• July 1, 1862: Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act, Sess. 2, ch. 126,
• July 1, 1862: Revenue Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 119,
• July 1, 1862: Pacific Railway Act, Sess. 2, ch. 120,
• July 2, 1862: Morrill Land Grant Colleges Act, Sess. 2, ch. 130,
• July 11, 1862: Georgetown and Washington Cities Colored Children Schools Act ("An Act relating to Schools for the Education of Colored Children in the Cities of Washington and Georgetown, in the District of Columbia"), Sess. 2, ch. 151,
• July 17, 1862: Militia Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 201,
• February 25, 1863: National Bank Act, Sess. 3, ch 58,
• March 2, 1863: False Claims Act, Sess. 3, ch. 67,
• March 3, 1863: Enrollment Act, Sess. 3, ch. 75,
• March 3, 1863: Habeas Corpus Suspension Act, Sess. 3, ch. 81,
• March 3, 1863: Tenth Circuit Act,

States admitted and territories organized

States admitted

• December 31, 1862: West Virginia admitted, Sess. 3, ch. 6, , pending a presidential proclamation. (It became a state on June 20, 1863.)

Territories organized

• July 14, 1862: Nevada–Utah boundary line moved to the east, enlarging Nevada and reducing Utah in size, Sess. 2, ch. 12,
• February 24, 1863: Arizona Territory organized, Sess. 3, ch. 56,
• March 3, 1863: Idaho Territory organized, Sess. 3, ch. 117,

States in rebellion

Main article: Secession in the United States

Congress did not accept secession. Most of the Representatives and Senators from states that attempted to secede left Congress; those who took part in the rebellion were expelled.

• Secessions declared during previous Congress: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.
  • Louisiana Congressional Districts LA 1 and 2, two of its four representatives remained seated in the 37th Congress.
• Secessions declared during this Congress:
  • April 17, 1861: Virginia (The pro-Union Restored Government of Virginia's two senators were seated, along with duly elected Representatives for VA 1, 7, 10, 11 and 12, five of its 13 representatives in the House.)
  • May 6, 1861: Arkansas
  • May 20, 1861: North Carolina
  • June 8, 1861: Tennessee (Sen. Andrew Johnson and three of the ten duly elected members of the House did not recognize secession and retained their seats in TN 2, 3 and 4.)

Although secessionist factions passed resolutions of secession in Missouri October 31, 1861, and in Kentucky November 20, 1861, their state delegations in the U.S. Congress remained in place, seven from Missouri and ten from Kentucky. Exile state governments resided with Confederate armies out-of-state, army-elected congressional representatives served as a solid pro-Jefferson Davis administration voting bloc in the Confederate Congress.

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: Hannibal Hamlin (R)
• President pro tempore: Solomon Foot (R)
• Republican Conference Chairman: John P. Hale

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Galusha A. Grow (R)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives by district.

:Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 37th Congress

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1866.

[[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: 2. William K. Sebastian (D), until July 11, 1861, vacant thereafter : 3. Charles B. Mitchel (D), until July 11, 1861, vacant thereafter

[[List of United States senators from California|California]]

: 1. Milton S. Latham (D) : 3. James A. McDougall (D)

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. James Dixon (R) : 3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. James A. Bayard Jr. (D) : 2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

[[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]]

: 1. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]

: 2. Stephen A. Douglas (D), until June 3, 1861 :: Orville H. Browning (R), June 26, 1861 – January 12, 1863 :: William A. Richardson (D), from January 12, 1863 : 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

[[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]]

: 1. Jesse D. Bright (D), until February 5, 1862 :: Joseph A. Wright (U), February 24, 1862 – January 14, 1863 :: David Turpie (D), from January 14, 1863 : 3. Henry S. Lane (R)

[[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]

: 2. James W. Grimes (R) : 3. James Harlan (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]

: 2. Jim Lane (R), from April 4, 1861 : 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R), from April 4, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. Lazarus W. Powell (D) : 3. John C. Breckinridge (D), until December 4, 1861 :: Garrett Davis (UU), from December 23, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]

: 1. Lot M. Morrill (R) : 2. William P. Fessenden (R)

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. Anthony Kennedy (UU) : 3. James Pearce (D), until December 20, 1862 :: Thomas H. Hicks (UU), from December 29, 1862

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 1. Charles Sumner (R) : 2. Henry Wilson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]

: 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) : 2. Kinsley S. Bingham (R), until October 5, 1861 :: Jacob M. Howard (R), from January 17, 1862

[[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: 1. Henry M. Rice (D) : 2. Morton S. Wilkinson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]

: 1. Trusten Polk (D), until January 10, 1862 :: John B. Henderson (UU), from January 17, 1862 : 3. Waldo P. Johnson (D), March 17, 1861 – January 10, 1862 :: Robert Wilson (UU), from January 17, 1862

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. John P. Hale (R) : 3. Daniel Clark (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. John R. Thomson (D), until September 12, 1862 :: Richard S. Field (R), November 21, 1862 – January 14, 1863 :: James W. Wall (D), from January 14, 1863 : 2. John C. Ten Eyck (R)

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 1. Preston King (R) : 3. Ira Harris (R)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. Thomas Bragg (D), until March 6, 1861, vacant thereafter : 3. Thomas L. Clingman (D), until March 28, 1861, vacant thereafter

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. Benjamin F. Wade (R) : 3. Salmon P. Chase (R), until March 7, 1861 :: John Sherman (R), from March 21, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]

: 2. Edward D. Baker (R), until October 21, 1861 :: Benjamin Stark (D), October 29, 1861 – September 12, 1862 :: Benjamin F. Harding (D), from September 12, 1862 : 3. James W. Nesmith (D)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. Simon Cameron (R), until March 4, 1861 :: David Wilmot (R), from March 14, 1861 : 3. Edgar Cowan (R)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. James F. Simmons (R), until August 15, 1862 :: Samuel G. Arnold (R), from December 1, 1862 : 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. Andrew Johnson (D), until March 4, 1862, vacant thereafter : 2. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]

: 1. Louis Wigfall (D), until March 23, 1861, vacant thereafter : 2. John Hemphill (D), until July 11, 1861, vacant thereafter

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 1. Solomon Foot (R) : 3. Jacob Collamer (R)

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 1. James M. Mason (D), until March 28, 1861 :: Waitman T. Willey (UU), from July 9, 1861 : 2. Robert M. T. Hunter (D), until March 28, 1861 :: John S. Carlile (UU), from July 9, 1861

[[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: 1. James R. Doolittle (R) : 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

]]

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 37th Congress

Representatives are listed by their districts.

[[List of United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from California|California]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Frederick F. Low (R), from June 3, 1862 : . Timothy G. Phelps (R) : . Aaron A. Sargent (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: . Dwight Loomis (R) : . James E. English (D) : . Alfred A. Burnham (R) : . George C. Woodruff (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

: . George P. Fisher (UU)

[[List of United States representatives from Florida|Florida]]

: . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Illinois|Illinois]]

: . Elihu B. Washburne (R) : . Isaac N. Arnold (R) : . Owen Lovejoy (R) : . William Kellogg (R) : . William A. Richardson (D), until January 29, 1863, vacant thereafter : . John A. McClernand (D), until October 28, 1861 :: Anthony L. Knapp (D), from December 12, 1861 : . James C. Robinson (D) : . Philip B. Fouke (D) : . John A. Logan (D), until April 2, 1862 :: William J. Allen (D), from June 2, 1862

[[List of United States representatives from Indiana|Indiana]]

: . John Law (D) : . James A. Cravens (D) : . William McKee Dunn (R) : . William S. Holman (D) : . George W. Julian (R) : . Albert G. Porter (R) : . Daniel W. Voorhees (D) : . Albert S. White (R) : . Schuyler Colfax (R) : . William Mitchell (R) : . John P. C. Shanks (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Iowa|Iowa]]

: . Samuel Curtis (R), until August 4, 1861 :: James F. Wilson (R), from October 8, 1861 : . William Vandever (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kansas|Kansas]]

: . Martin F. Conway (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: . Henry C. Burnett (D), until December 3, 1861 :: Samuel L. Casey (UU), from March 10, 1862 : . James S. Jackson (UU), until December 13, 1861 :: George H. Yeaman (UU), from December 1, 1862 : . Henry Grider (UU) : . Aaron Harding (UU) : . Charles A. Wickliffe (UU) : . George W. Dunlap (UU) : . Robert Mallory (UU) : . John J. Crittenden (UU) : . William H. Wadsworth (UU) : . John W. Menzies (UU)

[[List of United States representatives from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: . Benjamin F. Flanders (UA), from December 3, 1862 : . Michael Hahn (UA), from December 3, 1862 : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Maine|Maine]]

: . John N. Goodwin (R) : . Charles W. Walton (R), until May 26, 1862 :: Thomas A. D. Fessenden (R), from December 1, 1862 : . Samuel C. Fessenden (R) : . Anson P. Morrill (R) : . John H. Rice (R) : . Frederick A. Pike (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

: . John W. Crisfield (UU) : . Edwin H. Webster (UU) : . Cornelius L. L. Leary (UU) : . Henry May (UU) : . Francis Thomas (UU) : . Charles B. Calvert (UU)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: . Thomas D. Eliot (R) : . James Buffington (R) : . Charles F. Adams Sr. (R), until May 1, 1861 :: Benjamin Thomas (U), from June 11, 1861 : . Alexander H. Rice (R) : . William Appleton (CU), until September 27, 1861 :: Samuel Hooper (R), from December 2, 1861 : . John B. Alley (R) : . Daniel W. Gooch (R) : . Charles R. Train (R) : . Goldsmith F. Bailey (R), until May 8, 1862 :: Amasa Walker (R), from December 1, 1862 : . Charles Delano (R) : . Henry L. Dawes (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Michigan|Michigan]]

: . Bradley F. Granger (R) : . Fernando C. Beaman (R) : . Francis W. Kellogg (R) : . Rowland E. Trowbridge (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Cyrus Aldrich (R) : . William Windom (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Missouri|Missouri]]

: . Francis P. Blair Jr. (R) : . James S. Rollins (CU) : . John B. Clark (D), until July 13, 1861 :: William A. Hall (D), from January 20, 1862 : . Elijah H. Norton (D) : . John W. Reid (D), until August 3, 1861 :: Thomas L. Price (D), from January 21, 1862 : . John S. Phelps (D) : . John W. Noell (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: . Gilman Marston (R) : . Edward H. Rollins (R) : . Thomas M. Edwards (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: . John T. Nixon (R) : . John L. N. Stratton (R) : . William G. Steele (D) : . George T. Cobb (D) : . Nehemiah Perry (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

: . Edward H. Smith (D) : . Moses F. Odell (D) : . Benjamin Wood (D) : . James E. Kerrigan (ID) : . William Wall (R) : . Frederick A. Conkling (R) : . Elijah Ward (D) : . Isaac C. Delaplaine (D) : . Edward Haight (D) : . Charles H. Van Wyck (R) : . John B. Steele (D) : . Stephen Baker (R) : . Abram B. Olin (R) : . Erastus Corning (D) : . James B. McKean (R) : . William A. Wheeler (R) : . Socrates N. Sherman (R) : . Chauncey Vibbard (D) : . Richard Franchot (R) : . Roscoe Conkling (R) : . R. Holland Duell (R) : . William E. Lansing (R) : . Ambrose W. Clark (R) : . Charles B. Sedgwick (R) : . Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) : . Jacob P. Chamberlain (R) : . Alexander S. Diven (R) : . Robert B. Van Valkenburgh (R) : . Alfred Ely (R) : . Augustus Frank (R) : . Burt Van Horn (R) : . Elbridge G. Spaulding (R) : . Reuben Fenton (R)

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

: . George H. Pendleton (D) : . John A. Gurley (R) : . Clement Vallandigham (D) : . William Allen (D) : . James M. Ashley (R) : . Chilton A. White (D) : . Thomas Corwin (R), until March 12, 1861 :: Richard A. Harrison (U), from July 4, 1861 : . Samuel Shellabarger (R) : . Warren P. Noble (D) : . Carey A. Trimble (R) : . Valentine B. Horton (R) : . Samuel S. Cox (D) : . John Sherman (R), until March 21, 1861 :: Samuel T. Worcester (R), from July 4, 1861 : . Harrison G. O. Blake (R) : . Robert H. Nugen (D) : . William P. Cutler (R) : . James R. Morris (D) : . Sidney Edgerton (R) : . Albert G. Riddle (R) : . John Hutchins (R) : . John Bingham (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Oregon|Oregon]]

: . Andrew J. Thayer (D), until July 30, 1861 :: George K. Shiel (D), from July 30, 1861

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: . William E. Lehman (D) : . Edward Joy Morris (R), until June 8, 1861 :: Charles J. Biddle (D), from July 2, 1861 : . John P. Verree (R) : . William D. Kelley (R) : . William Morris Davis (R) : . John Hickman (R) : . Thomas B. Cooper (D), until April 4, 1862 :: John D. Stiles (D), from June 3, 1862 : . Sydenham E. Ancona (D) : . Thaddeus Stevens (R) : . John W. Killinger (R) : . James H. Campbell (R) : . George W. Scranton (R), until March 24, 1861 :: Hendrick B. Wright (D), from July 4, 1861 : . Philip Johnson (D) : . Galusha A. Grow (R) : . James T. Hale (R) : . Joseph Bailey (D) : . Edward McPherson (R) : . Samuel S. Blair (R) : . John Covode (R) : . Jesse Lazear (D) : . James K. Moorhead (R) : . Robert McKnight (R) : . John W. Wallace (R) : . John Patton (R) : . Elijah Babbitt (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: . William P. Sheffield (U) : . George H. Browne (U)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: . Vacant : . Horace Maynard (UU) : . George W. Bridges (UU), from February 25, 1863 : . Andrew J. Clements (UU) : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Texas|Texas]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

: . Eliakim P. Walton (R) : . Justin S. Morrill (R) : . Portus Baxter (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

: . Joseph E. Segar (UU), from May 6, 1862 : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Charles H. Upton (UU), July 4, 1861 – February 27, 1862 :: Lewis McKenzie (UU), from February 16, 1863 : . Vacant : . Vacant : . William G. Brown Sr. (UU) : . John S. Carlile (UU), until July 9, 1861 :: Jacob B. Blair (UU), from December 2, 1861 : . Kellian Whaley (UU) : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: . John F. Potter (R) : . Luther Hanchett (R), until November 24, 1862 :: Walter D. McIndoe (R), from January 26, 1863 : . A. Scott Sloan (R)

Non-voting members

: . Hiram P. Bennet (R), from August 19, 1861 : . John B. S. Todd (D), from December 9, 1861 : . Samuel G. Daily (R) : . John Cradlebaugh (I), from December 2, 1861 : . John S. Watts (R) : . John M. Bernhisel (I) : . William H. Wallace (R)

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy

|- | Missouri (3) | Vacant | Did not take seat until after Congress commenced. | nowrap | Waldo P. Johnson (D) | March 17, 1861

|- | Kansas (2) | Vacant | Election not recognized by US Senate. | nowrap | Jim Lane (R) | April 4, 1861

|- | Kansas (3) | Vacant | Election not recognized by the Senate. | nowrap | Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) | April 4, 1861

|- | Pennsylvania (1) | nowrap | Simon Cameron (R) | Resigned March 4, 1861, to become Secretary of War. Successor was elected. | nowrap | David Wilmot (R) | March 14, 1861

|- | North Carolina (2) | nowrap | Thomas Bragg (D) | Withdrew March 6, 1861; expelled later in 1861.

|- | Ohio (3) | nowrap | Salmon P. Chase (R) | Resigned March 7, 1861, to become Secretary of the Treasury. Successor was elected. | nowrap | John Sherman (R) | March 21, 1861

|- | Texas (1) | nowrap | Louis T. Wigfall (D) | Withdrew March 23, 1861.

|- | North Carolina (3) | nowrap | Thomas L. Clingman (D) | Withdrew March 28, 1861; expelled later in 1861.

|- | Virginia (2) | nowrap | Robert M. T. Hunter (D) | Withdrew March 28, 1861, and later expelled for support of the rebellion. Successor was elected. | nowrap | John S. Carlile (UU) | July 9, 1861

|- | Virginia (1) | nowrap | James M. Mason (D) | Expelled March 28, 1861, for supporting the rebellion. Successor was elected. | nowrap | Waitman T. Willey (UU) | July 9, 1861

|- | Illinois (2) | nowrap | Stephen A. Douglas (D) | Died June 3, 1861. Successor was appointed. | nowrap | Orville H. Browning (R) | June 26, 1861

|- | Texas (2) | nowrap | John Hemphill (D) | Expelled sometime in July 1861.

|- | Illinois (2) | nowrap | Orville H. Browning (R) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. Successor elected January 12, 1863. | nowrap | William A. Richardson (D) | January 30, 1863

|- | Arkansas (2) | nowrap | William K. Sebastian (D) | Expelled July 11, 1861.

|- | Arkansas (3) | nowrap | Charles B. Mitchel (D) | Expelled July 11, 1861.

|- | Michigan (2) | nowrap | Kinsley S. Bingham (R) | Died October 5, 1861. Successor was elected. | nowrap | Jacob M. Howard (R) | January 17, 1862

|- | Oregon (2) | nowrap | Edward D. Baker (R) | Killed at Battle of Ball's Bluff October 21, 1861. Successor was appointed. | nowrap | Benjamin Stark (D) | October 29, 1861

|- | Kentucky (3) | nowrap | John C. Breckinridge (D) | Expelled December 4, 1861, for supporting the rebellion. Successor was elected. | nowrap | Garrett Davis (UU) | December 23, 1861

|- | Missouri (1) | nowrap | Trusten Polk (D) | Expelled January 10, 1862, for supporting the rebellion. Successor was appointed. | nowrap | John B. Henderson (UU) | January 17, 1862

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap | Waldo P. Johnson (D) | Expelled January 10, 1862, for disloyalty to the government. Successor was appointed. | nowrap | Robert Wilson (UU) | January 17, 1862

|- | Indiana (1) | nowrap | Jesse D. Bright (D) | Expelled February 5, 1862, on charges of disloyalty. Successor was appointed. | nowrap | Joseph A. Wright (U) | February 24, 1862

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap | Andrew Johnson (D) | Resigned March 4, 1862.

|- | Rhode Island (1) | nowrap | James F. Simmons (R) | Resigned August 15, 1862. Successor was elected. | nowrap | Samuel G. Arnold (R) | December 1, 1862

|- | New Jersey (1) | nowrap | John R. Thomson (D) | Died September 12, 1862. Successor was appointed. | nowrap | Richard S. Field (R) | November 21, 1862

|- | Oregon (2) | nowrap | Benjamin Stark (D) | Retired September 12, 1862, upon election of a successor. | nowrap | Benjamin F. Harding (D) | September 12, 1862

|- | Maryland (3) | nowrap | James Pearce (D) | Died December 20, 1862. Successor was appointed. | nowrap | Thomas H. Hicks (UU) | December 29, 1862

|- | Indiana (1) | nowrap | Joseph A. Wright (U) | Retired January 14, 1863, upon election of a successor. | nowrap | David Turpie (D) | January 14, 1863

|- | New Jersey (1) | nowrap | Richard S. Field (R) | Retired January 14, 1863, upon election of a successor. | nowrap | James W. Wall (D) | January 14, 1863 |}

House of Representatives

Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy

|- | | nowrap | Hiram P. Bennett (Conservative R) | August 19, 1861

|- | | nowrap | John Cradlebaugh (I) | December 2, 1861

|- | | nowrap | John B. S. Todd (D) | December 9, 1861

|- | | nowrap | Benjamin F. Flanders (U) | December 3, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Michael Hahn (UU) | December 3, 1862

|- | | Vacant | Representative-elect George W. Bridges was arrested by Confederate troops while en route to Washington, D.C., and held prisoner before he escaped. | nowrap | George W. Bridges (UU) | February 25, 1863

|- | | nowrap | Joseph E. Segar (UU) | May 6, 1862

|- | | Vacant | Low not permitted to take seat, qualified later under special act of Congress, | nowrap | Frederick F. Low (R) | June 3, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Charles H. Upton (UU) | July 4, 1861

|- | | nowrap | Thomas Corwin (R) | Resigned March 12, 1861, to become Minister to Mexico. | nowrap | Richard A. Harrison (U) | July 4, 1861

|- | | nowrap | John Sherman (R) | Resigned March 12, 1861, when elected U.S. Senator. | nowrap | Samuel T. Worcester (R) | July 4, 1861

|- | | nowrap | George W. Scranton (R) | Died March 24, 1861. | nowrap | Hendrick B. Wright (D) | July 4, 1861

|- | | nowrap | Charles F. Adams Sr. (R) | Resigned May 1, 1861, to become Ambassador to Great Britain. | nowrap | Benjamin Thomas (U) | June 11, 1861

|- | | nowrap | Edward Joy Morris (R) | Resigned June 8, 1861, to become Minister Resident to Turkey. | nowrap | Charles J. Biddle (D) | July 2, 1861

|- | | nowrap | John S. Carlile (UU) | Resigned July 9, 1861, to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia. | nowrap | Jacob B. Blair (UU) | December 2, 1861

|- | | nowrap | John Bullock Clark (D) | Expelled July 13, 1861, for having taken up arms against the Union. | nowrap | William A. Hall (D) | January 20, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Andrew J. Thayer (D) | Election was successfully contested July 30, 1861. | nowrap | George K. Shiel (D) | July 30, 1861

|- | | nowrap | John W. Reid (D) | Withdrew August 3, 1861, and then expelled December 2, 1861, for having taken up arms against the Union. | nowrap | Thomas L. Price (D) | January 21, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Samuel Curtis (R) | Resigned August 4, 1861, to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry. | nowrap | James F. Wilson (R) | October 8, 1861

|- | | nowrap | William Appleton (CU) | Resigned September 27, 1861, due to failing health. | nowrap | Samuel Hooper (R) | December 2, 1861

|- | | nowrap | John A. McClernand (D) | Resigned October 28, 1861, to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War. | nowrap | Anthony L. Knapp (D) | December 12, 1861

|- | | nowrap | Henry C. Burnett (D) | Expelled December 3, 1861, for support of secession. | nowrap | Samuel L. Casey (UU) | March 10, 1862

|- | | nowrap | James S. Jackson (UU) | Resigned December 13, 1861, to enter the Union Army. | nowrap | George H. Yeaman (UU) | December 1, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Charles H. Upton (UU) | Declared not entitled to seat February 27, 1862. | nowrap | Lewis McKenzie (UU) | February 16, 1863

|- | | nowrap | John A. Logan (D) | Resigned April 2, 1862, to enter the Union Army. | nowrap | William J. Allen (D) | June 2, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Thomas B. Cooper (D) | Died April 4, 1862. | nowrap | John D. Stiles (D) | June 3, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Goldsmith F. Bailey (R) | Died May 8, 1862. | nowrap | Amasa Walker (R) | December 1, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Charles W. Walton (R) | Resigned May 26, 1862, to become associate justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. | nowrap | Thomas A. D. Fessenden (R) | December 1, 1862

|- | | nowrap | Luther Hanchett (R) | Died November 24, 1862. | nowrap | Walter D. McIndoe (R) | January 26, 1863

|- | | nowrap | William A. Richardson (D) | Resigned January 29, 1863, after being elected to the U.S. Senate.

|}

Committees

Senate

Standing committees of the Senate resolved, Friday, March 8, 1861

[[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Foreign Relations]]

• Charles Sumner (R-Massachusetts) (Chairman)
• Jacob Collamer (R-Vermont)
• James Rood Doolittle (R-Wisconsin)
• Ira Harris (R-New York)
• Stephen A. Douglas (D-Illinois)
• Trusten Polk (D-Missouri)
• John C. Breckinridge (D-Kentucky)

[[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Finance]]

• William P. Fessenden (R-Maine) (Chairman)
• James F. Simmons (R-Rhode Island)
• Jacob Collamer (R-Vermont)
• Benjamin F. Wade (R-Massachusetts)
• Timothy O. Howe (R-Wisconsin)
• Robert M. T. Hunter (D-Virginia)
• James Pearce (D-Maryland)
• Jesse D. Bright (D-Indiana)

[[United States Senate Committee on Commerce|Commerce]]

• Zachariah Chandler (R-Michigan) (Chairman)
• Preston King (R-New York)
• Lot Morrill (R-Maine)
• Henry Wilson (R-Massachusetts)
• Thomas L. Clingman (D-North Carolina)
• Samuel G. Arnold (R-Rhode Island)
• Willard Saulsbury Jr. (D-North Carolina)
• Andrew Johnson (D-Tennsessee)

[[United States Senate Committee on Military Affairs|Military Affairs and Militia]]

• Henry Wilson (R-Massachusetts) (Chairman)
• Preston King (R-New York)
• Edward D. Baker (R-Oregon)
• Henry S. Lane (R-Indiana)
• Jim Lane (R-Kansas)
• Henry M. Rice (R-Minnesota)
• Milton S. Latham (D-California)
• John C. Breckinridge (D-Kentucky)
• Jacob M. Howard (R-Michigan)

[[United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs|Naval Affairs]]

• John P. Hale (R-New Hampshire) (Chairman)
• James W. Grimes (R-Iowa)
• Solomon Foot (R-Vermont)
• Edgar Cowan (R-New Hampshire)
• John Renshaw Thomson (R-New Jersey)
• Anthony Kennedy (UU-Maryland)
• Richard Stockton Field (R-New Jersey)
• John Sherman (D-Ohio)

[[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Judiciary]]

• Lyman Trumbull (R-Ohio) (Chairman)
• Lafayette S. Foster (R-Connecticut)
• John C. Ten Eyck (R-New Jersey)
• Jacob M. Howard (R-Michigan)
• Ira Harris (R-New York)
• Edgar Cowan (R-Pennsylvania)
• James A. Bayard Jr. (D-Delaware)
• Lazarus W. Powell (D-Kentucky)
• Thomas L. Clingman (D-North Carolina)

[[United States Senate Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads|Post Offices and Post Roads]]

• Jacob Collamer (R-Vermont) (Chairman)
• James Dixon (R-Connecticut)
• Benjamin Wade (R-Connecticut)
• Lyman Trumbull (R-Illinois)
• Henry M. Rice (D-Minnesota)
• Jesse D. Bright (D-Indiana)
• Milton S. Latham (D-California)

[[United States Senate Committee on Public Lands|Public Lands]]

• James Harlan (R-Iowa) (Chairman)
• Kinsley S. Bingham (R-Michigan)
• Daniel Clark (R-New Hampshire)
• Morton S. Wilkinson (R-Minnesota)
• Andrew Johnson (D-Tennsessee)
• Joseph A. Wright (U-Indiana)
• Benjamin F. Harding (D-Oregon)
• Thomas Bragg (D-North Carolina)
• Samuel C. Pomeroy (R-Kansas)
• John S. Carlile (UU-Virginia)

[[United States Senate Committee on Private Land Claims|Private Land Claims]]

• Ira Harris (R-New York) (Chairman)
• John C. Ten Eyck (R-New York)
• Charles Sumner (R-New York)
• Trusten Polk (D-Missouri)
• James A. Bayard Jr. (D-Delaware)
• Henry M. Rice (D-Minnesota)
• Daniel Clark (R-New Hampshire)

[[United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs|Indian Affairs]]

• James Rood Doolittle (R-Wisconsin) (Chairman)
• Edward D. Baker (D-Oregon)
• Edgar Cowan (D-Pennsylvania)
• John C. Ten Eyck (R-New Jersey)
• William K. Sebastian (D-Arkansas)
• Henry M. Rice (D-Minnesota)
• James W. Nesmith (D-Oregon)

[[United States Senate Committee on Pensions|Pensions]]

• Lafayette S. Foster (R-Michigan) (Chairman)
• Kinsley S. Bingham (R-Minnesota)
• Henry S. Lane (R-Indiana)
• James F. Simmons (R-Rhode Island)
• Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D-Delaware)
• Samuel C. Pomeroy (R-Kansas)
• Waitman T. Willey (UU-Virginia)

[[United States Senate Committee on Revolutionary Claims|Revolutionary Claims]]

• Preston King (R-New York) (Chairman)
• Zachariah Chandler (R-Michigan)
• Morton S. Wilkinson (D-Minnesota)
• John P. Hale (R-New Hampshire)
• James W. Nesmith (D-Oregon)

[[United States Senate Committee on Claims|Claims]]

• Daniel Clark (R-New Hampshire) (Chairman)
• James F. Simmons (R-Rhode Island)
• Timothy O. Howe (R-Wisconsin)
• Edgar Cowan (R-Pennsylvania)
• Thomas Bragg (D-North Carolina)
• Trusten Polk (D-Missouri)
• Samuel C. Pomeroy (R-Kansas)
• Richard Stockton Field (R-New Jersey)
• David Wilmot (R-Pennsylvania)
• Milton S. Latham (D-California)

[[United States Senate Committee on the District of Columbia|District of Columbia]]

• James W. Grimes (R-Iowa) (Chairman)
• Henry B. Anthony (R-Rhode Island)
• Lot Morrill (R-Maine)
• Benjamin F. Wade (R-Ohio)
• Anthony Kennedy (UU-Maryland)
• Thomas L. Clingman (D-North Carolina)
• John B. Henderson (D-Missouri)

[[United States Senate Committee on Patents and the Patent Office|Patents and Patent Office]]

• James F. Simmons (R-Rhode Island) (Chairman)
• Charles Sumner (R-Massachusetts)
• James Rood Doolittle (R-Wisconsin)
• Edgar Cowan (R-Pennsylvania)
• John R. Thomson (D-New Jersey)
• William K. Sebastian (D-Arkansas)
• Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D-Delaware)
• Richard Stockton Field (R-New Jersey)

[[United States Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds|Public Buildings and Grounds]]

• Solomon Foot (R-Vermont) (Chairman)
• James Dixon (R-Connecticut)
• Zachariah Chandler (R-Michigan)
• Jesse D. Bright (D-Indiana)
• Anthony Kennedy (UU-Maryland)
• John B. Henderson (D-Missouri)

[[United States Senate Committee on Territories|Territories]]

• James Mitchell Ashley (R-Ohio) (Chairman)
• Morton S. Wilkinson (R-Minnesota)
• Edgar Cowan (R-Pennsylvania)
• John P. Hale (R-New Hampshire)
• Stephen A. Douglas (D-Illinois)
• William K. Sebastian (D-Arkansas)
• Thomas Bragg (D-North Carolina)
• John S. Carlile (UU-Virginia)
• Orville Hickman Browning (R-Illinois)
• Andrew Johnson (D-Tennessee)
• Samuel C. Pomeroy (R-Kansas)

[[United States Senate Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate|Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate]]

• James Dixon (R-Connecticut) (Chairman)
• Daniel Clark (R-New Hampshire)
• Andrew Johnson (D-Tennessee)
• Benjamin F. Harding (D-Oregon)

[[United States Senate Committee on Printing|Printing]]

• Henry B. Anthony (R-Rhode Island) (Chairman)
• James Harlan (R-Iowa)
• Lazarus W. Powell (D-Kentucky)

[[United States Senate Committee on Engrossed Bills|Engrossed Bills]]

• Jim Lane (R-Kansas) (Chairman)
• Lot Morrill (R-Maryland)
• Samuel G. Arnold (R-Rhode Island)
• Charles B. Mitchel (D-Arkansas)

[[United States Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills|Enrolled Bills]]

• Kinsley S. Bingham (R-Michigan) (Chairman)
• Edward D. Baker (R-Oregon)
• Waitman T. Willey (UU-Virginia)
• Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D-Delaware)

[[United States Senate Committee on the Library|The Library]]

• James Pearce (D-Maryland) (Chairman)
• Jacob Collamer (R-Vermont)
• William P. Fessenden (R-Maine)

[[United States Senate Select Committee on Preservation of Order in the Galleries|Order in the Galleries]] (Select)

• Henry B. Anthony (R-Rhode Island)
• James Murray Mason (D-Virginia)
• Benjamin F. Wade (R-Ohio)

House of Representatives

Members by committee assignments, Congressional Globe, as published July 8, 1861. Spellings conform to those found in the Congressional Biographical Dictionary.

Unless otherwise noted, all committees listed are Standing, as found at the Library of Congress

[[United States House Committee on Accounts|Accounts]]

• James Buffinton (R-Massachusetts) (Chairman)
• Edward H. Rollins (R-New Hampshire)
• William E. Lehman (D-Pennsylvania)
• Samuel T. Worcester (R-Ohio)
• George W. Dunlap (UU-Kentucky)

[[United States House Committee on Agriculture|Agriculture]]

• Owen Lovejoy (R-Illinois)
• Dwight Loomis (R-Connecticut)
• Charles B. Calvert (UU-Maryland)
• Edward H. Smith (R-New York)
• Jacob P. Chamberlain (R-New York)
• John P.C. Shanks (R-Indiana)
• Joseph Bailey (D-Pennsylvania)
• Samuel T. Worcester (R-Ohio)
• Cyrus Aldrich (R-Minnesota)

[[United States House Committee on Claims|Claims]]

• Reuben E. Fenton (R-New York)
• Eliakim Persons Walton (R-Vermont)
• William S. Holman (D-Indiana)
• John Hutchins (R-Ohio)
• James T. Hale (R-Pennsylvania)
• John W. Noell (D-Missouri)
• R. Holland Duell (R-New York)
• Edwin H. Webster (UU-Maryland)
• John W. Wallace (R-Pennsylvania)

[[United States House Committee on Commerce|Commerce]]

• Elihu B. Washburne (R-Illinois) (Chairman)
• Thomas D. Eliot (R-Massachusetts)
• Elijah Ward (D-New York)
• John T. Nixon (R-New Jersey)
• Elijah Babbitt (R-Pennsylvania)
• John A. Gurley (R-Ohio)
• James S. Rollins (CU-Missouri)
• Cornelius L. L. Leary (UU-Maryland)
• William P. Sheffield (R-Rhode Island)

[[United States House Committee on the Confiscation of Rebel Property|Confiscation of Rebel Property]] (Select)

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on the District of Columbia|District of Columbia]]

• James M. Ashley (R-Ohio)
• Charles B. Calvert (UU-Maryland)
• Richard Franchot (R-Ohio)
• Edward H. Rollins (R-New Hampshire)
• William Morris Davis (R-Pennsylvania)
• Charles H. Upton (UU-Virginia)

[[United States House Committee on Elections|Elections]]

• Henry L. Dawes (R-Massachusetts) (Chairman)
• James H. Campbell (R-Pennsylvania)
• Daniel W. Voorhees (D-Indiana)
• James B. McKean (R-New York)
• Dwight Loomis (R-Connecticut)
• Portus Baxter (R-Vermont)
• George H. Browne (D-Rhode Island)
• John W. Menzies (D-Vermont)

[[United States House Committee on Emancipation|Emancipation]]

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the State Department|Expenditures in the State Department]]

• James B. McKean (R-New York) (Chairman)
• James C. Robinson (D-Illinois)
• John T. Nixon (R-New Jersey)
• William Vandever (R-Iowa)
• Charles H. Upton (UU-Virginia)

[[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department|Expenditures in the Treasury Department]]

• Moses F. Odell (D-New York) (Chairman)
• James H. Campbell (R-Pennsylvania)
• John A. Bingham (R-Ohio)
• Alexander H. Rice (R-Massachusetts)
• William G. Steele (D-New Jersey)

[[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the War Department|Expenditures in the War Department]]

• William A. Wheeler (R-New York)
• Samuel R. Curtis (R-Iowa)
• Chauncey Vibbard (D-New York)
• William Mitchell (R-Indiana)
• James S. Rollins (UU-Maryland)

[[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department|Expenditures in the Post Office Department]]

• John W. Killinger (R-Pennsylvania) (Chairman)
• Charles A. Wickliffe (UU-Kentucky)
• Carey A. Trimble (R-Ohio)
• Francis W. Kellogg (R-Michigan)
• Edward H. Smith (D-New York)

[[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department|Expenditures in the Interior Department]]

• William Allen (D-Ohio) (Chairman)
• Martin F. Conway (R-Kansas)
• Socrates N. Sherman (R-New York)
• Samuel Shellabarger (R-Ohio)
• Thomas B. Cooper (D-Pennsylvania)

[[United States House Committee on Finance|Finance]]

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]

:Also known as Foreign Relations

• John J. Crittenden (UU-Kentucky)
• Daniel W. Gooch (R-Massachusetts)
• Samuel S. Cox (D-Ohio)
• Albert S. White (R-Indiana)
• Robert McKnight (R-Pennsylvania)
• Alfred A. Burnham (R-Pennsylvania)
• Francis Thomas (R-Maryland)
• Theodore M. Pomeroy (R-New York)
• George P. Fisher (R-Delaware)

[[United States House Committee on Indian Affairs|Indian Affairs]]

• Cyrus Aldrich (R-Minnesota) (Chairman)
• Thomas M. Edwards (R-New Hampshire)
• Robert Mallory (UU-Kentucky)
• Martin F. Conway (R-Kansas)
• William Mitchell (R-Indiana)
• Moses F. Odell (D-New York)
• William E. Lansing (R-New York)
• John Patton (R-Pennsylvania)
• Andrew J. Thayer (D-Oregon)

[[United States House Committee on Invalid Pensions|Invalid Pensions]]

• Alfred Ely (R-New York) (Chairman)
• Socrates N. Sherman (R-New York)
• John A. Logan (R-Illinois)
• Richard A. Harrison (U-Ohio)
• William P. Cutler (R-Ohio)
• Kellian V. Whaley (UU-Virginia)
• John N. Goodwin (D-Maine)
• Benjamin Wood (D-New York)
• George T. Cobb (D-New Jersey)

[[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|Judiciary]]

• Albert G. Porter (R-Indiana)
• John S. Carlile (UU-Virginia)
• Benjamin F. Thomas (U-Massachusetts)
• Henry May (UU-Maryland)
• Alexander S. Diven (R-New York)

[[United States House Committee on Lake and River Defences|Lake and River Defences]]

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on Manufactures|Manufactures]]

:Listed in the Congressional Globe, but not listed in the Library of Congress summary page

• John Hutchins (R-Ohio) (Chairman)
• James K. Moorhead (R-Pennsylvania)
• Edward Haight (R-New York)
• John B. Alley (R-Massachusetts)
• Albert G. Porter (R-Indiana)
• Alfred Ely (R-New York)
• Isaac N. Arnold (R-Illinois)
• Sydenham E. Ancona (D-Pennsylvania)
• William G. Brown (D-Virginia)

[[United States House Committee on Mileage|Mileage]]

:Listed in the Congressional Globe, but not listed in the Library of Congress summary page

• James C. Robinson (D-Illinois) (Chairman)
• John W. Killinger (R-Pennsylvania)
• Augustus Frank (R-New York)
• Henry Grider (R-Kentucky)
• Benjamin Wood (D-New York)

[[United States House Committee on Military Affairs|Military Affairs]]

:Also known as Military

• Francis P. Blair Jr. (R-Missouri) (Chairman)
• William A. Richardson (D-Illinois)
• James Buffinton (R-Massachusetts)
• Abram B. Olin (R-New York)
• William Allen (D-Ohio)
• Gilman Marston (R-New Hampshire)
• Hendrick B. Wright (R-Massachusetts)
• James S. Jackson (UU-Kentucky)

[[United States House Committee on a Military Railroad|Military Railroad]]

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on the Militia|Militia]]

:Also known as Military Affairs and the Militia

• Robert B. Van Valkenburg (R-New York) (Chairman)
• William M. Dunn (R-Indiana)
• Sydenham E. Ancona (D-Indiana)
• Charles Delano (D-Republican)
• Charles J. Biddle (D-Pennsylvania)
• Richard A. Harrison (U-Ohio)
• William G. Brown (D-Virginia)
• William P. Cutler (R-Ohio)
• John N. Goodwin (R-Maine)

[[United States House Committee on Naval Affairs|Naval Affairs]]

• Charles B. Sedgwick (R-New York) (Chairman)
• Alexander H. Rice (R-Massachusetts)
• Philip B. Fouke (R-Illinois)
• James K. Moorhead (R-Massachusetts)
• James E. English (R-Connecticut)
• John P. Verree (R-Pennsylvania)
• Frederick A. Pike (R-Maine)
• Frederick A. Conkling (R-New York)
• William H. Wadsworth (R-Kentucky)

[[United States House Committee on Niagara Ship Canal|Niagara Ship Canal]] (Select)

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

• Burt Van Horn, Chairman (R-New York)

[[United States House Committee on the Pacific Railroad|Pacific Railroad]]

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on Patents|Patents]]

:Also known as Patents and Patent Office

• William M. Dunn (R-New York) (Chairman)
• John H. Rice (R-Maine)
• Stephen Baker (R-New York)
• Philip Johnson (R-Pennsylvania)
• Warren P. Noble (D-Ohio)

[[United States House Committee on Pensions|Pensions]]

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads|Post Offices and Post Roads]]

• Schuler Colfax (R-Indiana) (Chairman)
• John B. Alley (R-Massachusetts)
• Charles A. Wickliffe (UU-Kentucky)
• Anson P. Morrill (R-Maine)
• William Windom (R-Minnesota)
• Harrison G. Blake (R-Ohio)
• Chauncey Vibbard (D-New York)
• Rowland E. Trowbridge (R-Michigan)
• Elijah H. Norton (R-Missouri)

[[United States House Committee on Printing|Printing]]

:Also known as Joint Committee on Printing

• Eliakim Persons Walton (R-Vermont)
• Ambrose W. Clark (R-New York)
• Joseph Bailey (D-Pennsylvania)

[[United States House Committee on Private Land Claims|Private Land Claims]]

• John W. Noell (D-Missouri)
• Luther Hanchett (R-Wisconsin)
• Burt Van Horn (R-New York)
• John P. C. Shanks (R-Indiana)
• Charles W. Walton (R-Maine)
• Samuel Shellabarger (R-Ohio)
• Jesse Lazear (D-Pennsylvania)

[[United States House Committee on Public Lands|Public Lands]]

• John F. Potter (R-Wisconsin) (Chairman)
• John Covode (R-Pennsylvania)
• Clement L. Vallandingham (D-Ohio)
• George W. Julian (R-Indiana)
• Carey A. Trimble (R-Ohio)
• William Vandever (R-Iowa)
• Francis W. Kellogg (R-Alabama)
• John W. Crisfield (R-Maryland)
• George C. Woodruff (D-Connecticut)

[[United States House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds|Public Buildings and Grounds]]

• Charles R. Train (R-Massachusetts) (Chairman)
• Owen Lovejoy (R-Illinois)
• Isaac C. Delaplaine (D-New York)
• Robert McKnight (R-Pennsylvania)
• James R. Morris (D-Ohio)

[[United States House Committee on Public Expenditures|Public Expenditures]]

• John Covode (R-Pennsylvania) (Chairman)
• Thomas M. Edwards (R-New Hampshire)
• James E. Kerrigan (D-New York)
• Charles R. Train (R-Massachusetts)
• William Windom (R-Minnesota)
• Edwin H. Webster (UU-Maryland)
• George W. Julian (R-Indiana)
• Luther Hanchett (R-Wisconsin)
• Chilton A. White (D-Ohio)

[[United States House Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business|Revised and Unfinished Business]]

:Listed in the Congressional Globe, but not listed in the Library of Congress summary page

• John A. Logan (D-Illinois)
• Elijah Babbitt (R-Pennsylvania)
• John W. Menzies (UU-Kentucky)
• Samuel C. Fessenden (R-Maine)
• Edward Haight (D-New York)

[[United States House Committee on Revolutionary Claims|Revolutionary Claims]]

• R. Holland Duell (R-New York) (Chairman)
• Sidney Edgerton (R-Ohio)
• Thomas B. Cooper (D-Pennsylvania)
• John H. Rice (R-Maine)
• William Wall (R-New York)
• Nehemiah Perry (D-New Jersey)
• Henry Grider (R-Kentucky)
• Albert G. Riddle (R-Ohio)
• Anson P. Morrill (R-Maine)

[[United States House Committee on Revolutionary Pensions|Revolutionary Pensions]]

• Charles H. Van Wyck (R-New York) (Chairman)
• Samuel S. Blair (R-Pennsylvania)
• John S. Carlile (UU-Virginia)
• John F. Potter (R-Wisconsin)
• William M. Davis (R-Pennsylvania)
• John B. Steele (D-New York)
• Bradley F. Granger (R-Michigan)
• John Law (D-Indiana)
• William G. Steele (D-New Jersey)

[[United States House Committee on Roads and Canals|Roads and Canals]]

• Robert Mallory (UU-Kentucky) (Chairman)
• John A. Gurley (R-Ohio)
• James T. Hale (R-Pennsylvania)
• Burt Van Horn (R-New York)
• Isaac N. Arnold (R-Illinois)
• Robert H. Nugen (D-Ohio)
• Stephen Baker (R-New York)
• Philip Johnson (D-Pennsylvania)
• Fernando C. Beaman (R-Michigan)

[[United States House Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union|State of the Union]]

:Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861

[[United States House Committee on Territories|Territories]]

• James M. Ashley (R-Ohio) (Chairman)
• Charles H. Van Wyck (R-New York)
• James A. Cravens (D-Indiana)
• William Kellogg (R-Illinois)
• Fernando C. Beaman (R-Michigan)
• John W. Reid (D-Missouri)
• A. Scott Sloan (R-Wisconsin)
• Goldsmith F. Bailey (R-Massachusetts)
• Aaron Harding (D-Kentucky)

[[United States House Committee of Ways and Means|Ways and Means]]

• Thaddeus Stevens (R-Pennsylvania) (Chairman)
• Justin S. Morrill (R-Vermont)
• John S. Phelps (D-Missouri)
• Elbridge G. Spaulding (R-New York)
• William Appleton (R-Massachusetts)
• Erastus Corning (D-New York)
• Valentine B. Horton (R-Ohio)
• John A. McClernand (D-Illinois)
• John L. N. Stratton (R-New Jersey)

Joint committees

[[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills|Enrolled Bills]]

• Rep. Bradley F. Granger (R-Michigan)
• Rep. George T. Cobb (D-New Jersey)

[[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Joint Committee on the Library|The Library]]

• Rep. Edward McPherson (R-Pennsylvania)
• Rep. Augustus Frank (R-New York)
• Rep. John Law (D-Indiana)

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

[[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter
• Librarian of Congress: John Gould Stephenson

Senate

• Chaplain: Phineas D. Gurley (Presbyterian), until July 10, 1861
  • Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian), elected July 10, 1861
• Secretary: Asbury Dickins, until July 10, 1861
  • John W. Forney, elected July 15, 1861
  • William Hickey (Chief Clerk) appointed "Acting Secretary", March 22, 1861
• Sergeant at Arms: Dunning R. McNair, until July 6, 1861
  • George T. Brown, elected July 6, 1861

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Thomas H. Stockton (Methodist), elected July 6, 1861
• Clerk: John W. Forney, until July 4, 1861
  • Emerson Etheridge, elected July 4, 1861
• Doorkeeper: Ira Goodnow
• Messenger to the Speaker: Thaddeus Morrice
• Postmaster: William S. King
• Reading Clerks:
• Sergeant at Arms: Henry William Hoffman, until July 5, 1861
  • Edward Ball, elected July 5, 1861

Notes

References

Sources

• Alt URL

References

1. [http://history.house.gov/Congressional-Overview/Profiles/37th/ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress (1774–2005)] found online at [http://history.house.gov/Congressional-Overview/Profiles/37th/ Congress Profiles: 37th Congress (1861–1863)] viewed October 24, 2016.
2. (2000). "Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social and Military History". W.W. Norton & Company.
3. "The White House Historical Association, "The Great Cause of Union" search on 'habeas corpus'".
4. "Ordinance of Secession of Arkansas". Csawardept.com.
5. "Ordinance of Secession of North Carolina". Csawardept.com.
6. "Ordinance of Secession of Virginia". Csawardept.com.
7. "Ordinance of Secession of Tennessee". Csawardept.com.
8. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas.
9. Excerpt from Isaac Bassett's Memoir re-published on the [https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/special/Bassett/tdetail.cfm?id=21 U.S. Senate webpage]
10. McPherson, James M.. (2008). "Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief". The Penguin Press.
11. Congressional Globe, 37 Cong., 1 sess., p. 233.
12. abolition]] was to be outside the police functions of field commanders.
13. [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1 New York Times: "How Slavery Really Ended in America"] Viewed November 9, 2011.
14. McPherson, pp. 57–58.
15. McPherson, p. 142.
16. {{URL. https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/transcript.html
17. Blaine, James G.. "Memoir re-published on the National Archives webpage".
18. McPherson, p. 76.
19. Erickson, Stephen C.. (Winter 1995). "The Entrenching of Incumbency: Reelections in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1790-1994". The Cato Journal.
20. Swain, John W., et al., "A New Look at Turnover in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1789-1998", American Politics Research 2000, (28:435), pp. 444, 452.
21. The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/vaord.htm Virginia's Ordinance of Secession] {{Webarchive. link. (October 12, 2007.)
22. The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/arord.htm Arkansas's Ordinance of Secession] {{Webarchive. link. (October 12, 2007.)
23. The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/ncord.htm North Carolina's Ordinance of Secession] {{Webarchive. link. (October 12, 2007.)
24. The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/tnord.htm Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession] {{Webarchive. link. (October 12, 2007.)
25. The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. Tennessee voters approved the agreement on June 8, 1861.
26. "Gun Reviews Archives".
27. ''Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005)'', "[http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/bioguide-front/37.pdf Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress] {{Webarchive. link. (June 10, 2011".)
28. Withdrawal" meant that these senators announced they were withdrawing from the Senate due to their states' decisions to secede from the Union. Their seats were later declared vacant by the Senate, but some seats were actually unfilled since the beginning of this Congress on March 4, 1861.
29. "Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1873".
30. "ASHLEY, James Mitchell {{pipe".
31. (July 8, 1861). "Congressional Globe".
32. "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 37th Congress, Browse by Committee".
33. (1897). "The Bibliography of Vermont, Gilman, M.D.,The Free Press Association, 1897".
34. Lanman, Charles. (1887). "Biographical annals of the civil government of the United States". JM Morrison.
35. "US Senate Art & History webpage, "Ashbury Dickens, Secretary of the Senate, 1836-1861"".
36. "Congressional Biographical Dictionary, 37th Congress".