1835 Democratic National Convention

Background

On February 23, 1835, President Andrew Jackson wrote to James Gwin of Tennessee and claimed a preference for someone who would "most likely to be the choice of the great body of republicans" in regard to his successor. He expressed the desire to hold another national convention to nominate candidates for the presidency and vice presidency. He instructed Gwin to show the letter to the editor of the Nashville Republican. The newspaper later reprinted the letter.

Proceedings

Andrew Stevenson of Virginia served as the chairman and convention president. Six convention vice presidents and four secretaries were appointed.

Tennessee, Illinois, South Carolina, and Alabama sent no delegates to the convention.

Presidential nomination

Presidential candidates

Image:Martin Van Buren MET ap93.19.2 (cropped 3x4).jpg|Vice President Martin Van Buren of New York

President Jackson had long planned for Vice President Martin Van Buren to succeed him, and Van Buren was the unanimous choice of the delegates for the presidency.

File:1835DemocraticPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png|1st Presidential Ballot

Vice Presidential nomination

Vice Presidential candidates

Image:Richard Mentor Johnson A29919 (cropped 3x4).jpg| Image:Rives, William Cabell.jpg|

Jackson and other major Democrats had settled on Richard Mentor Johnson, a Kentucky representative who had fought in the War of 1812, as Van Buren's running mate, but many Virginia Democrats backed William Cabell Rives, the former Ambassador to France.

A man from Tennessee, Edward Rucker, who was present at the convention but was not sent as a delegate, cast all 15 votes Tennessee was entitled to for Van Buren, and for Johnson for the vice presidential nomination. Johnson was nominated for vice president after winning one vote more than the two-thirds majority required.

The delegation of Virginia declared that it had no confidence in Johnson's character and principles, and would not support him.

File:1835DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination1stBallot.png|1st Vice Presidential Ballot

Letters went out on May 23 from the convention president and vice presidents asking for the acceptance of the nominations by the nominees. Van Buren replied and accepted the nomination on May 29; Johnson, likewise on June 9.

General election

Main article: 1836 United States presidential election

The Whigs did not put forward a national ticket nominated by national convention. Van Buren defeated his many competitors for the presidency in the general election. While the electors of Virginia supported Van Buren for the presidency, they cast their vice presidential votes for William Smith. Consequently, Johnson received a plurality, but not a majority, of the electoral votes for the vice presidency. In the subsequent contingent election in the Senate, Johnson was elected vice president.

Notes

References

• Proceedings of the convention, Niles' Weekly Register, Volume XLVIII, March 1835 to September 1835

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References

1. (April 4, 1835). "Gen. Jackson's Letter". H. Niles.
2. (2014). "The American Vice Presidency". Smithsonian Books.
3. Irelan, John Robert. (1887). "History of the Life, Administration and Times of Martin Van Buren, Eighth President of the United States". Fairbanks and Palmer Publishing Company.
4. (June 13, 1835). "Mr. Van Buren's Acceptance". H. Niles.
5. (July 11, 1835). "Col. Johnson's Acceptance". H. Niles.