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1719
Events
January–March
- January 8 – Carolean Death March begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish Swedish-Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydalen mountains in a blizzard kills around 3,700 men and cripples a further 600 for life.
- January 23 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is created, within the Holy Roman Empire.
- February 3 (January 23 Old Style) – The Riksdag of the Estates recognizes Ulrika Eleonora's claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden.
- February 20 – The first Treaty of Stockholm is signed.
- February 28 – Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal Emperor of India since 1713, is deposed by the Sayyid brothers, who install Rafi ud-Darajat in his place. In prison, Farrukhsiyar is strangled by assassins on April 19.
- March 6 – A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude 7) in El Salvador results in large fractures, liquefaction zones, and a sulphuric gas leak. It destroys houses, churches and monasteries.
- March 17 – The coronation of Ulrika Eleonora as Queen of Sweden takes place in Stockholm.
April–June
- April 4 – The French army under James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick invades the Basque provinces of Spain, with 20,000 troops crossing into Navarre.
- April 19 – In Louisiana (New France), Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville's brother Serigny arrives on a French man-of-war, bringing news that war had been declared between France and Spain (since December 1718).
- April 25 – Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe.
- April 26 – King Philip V of Spain departs Madrid and leads 15,000 men of the Spanish Army into Navare to fight the French under Berwick.
- May 14 – In Louisiana (New France), Bienville, from Mobile, captures Pensacola, but Pensacola is later recaptured by the Spanish, and again re-taken by Bienville.
- May 25 – An earthquake in Turkey damages İzmit and Istanbul, damaging some city walls and ruining mosques and palaces.
- June 4 – Battle of Ösel Island: A Russian naval force defeats the Swedish fleet.
- June 18 – Captain John Perry fixes Dagenham Breach.
- June 10 – Battle of Glen Shiel: British forces defeat the Jacobites and their Spanish allies.
- June 20 – Battle of Francavilla: The Austrians are defeated by the Spanish.
- June 30 – French forces under the Duke of Berwick open the Siege of San Sebastian
July–September
- July 11 – Russia's Baltic Sea fleet is first spotted from the Swedish coast, starting the Russian Pillage of 1719–21 as part of the Great Northern War.
- July 16 – The Carlsten fortress in Sweden surrenders to a Danish and Norwegian force after a siege of seven days. Colonel Henrich Danckwardt, who surrendered the fortress to Peter Tordenskjold after being away from it while it was still defensible, is beheaded on September 16.
- August 13 – In the Battle of Stäket, Crown Prince Frederick I of Sweden leads the successful defense of Stockholm from Russian Admiral Fyodor Apraksin's Baltic Fleet during the Russian Pillage.
- August 19 – Siege of San Sebastian. The Spanish garrison surrenders to the Duke of Berwick.
- August 20 – Princess Maria Josepha of Austria, at one time the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria's Habsburg Empire, marries Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony ten days after renouncing any claim to the Austrian throne.
- September 3 – The three-story tall Opernhaus am Zwinger, one of the largest opera houses in the world at the time, opens in Dresden by staging Antonio Lotti's Giovi in Argo.
- September 29 – Muhammad Shah is crowned as the 12th Mughal Emperor of India at Shahjahanabad (now Delhi), 12 days after the death of Shah Jahan II from tuberculosis.
October–December
- October 11 – Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda, the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, is assassinated in a bloody coup d'etat by supporters of the Archbishop of Manila, whom Bustamante had imprisoned.
- October 14 – The British Army, under the command of Major General George Wade, invades and captures the forts of Vigo on the Atlantic coast of Spain.
- October 21 – The Red Canal is opened in the Russian capital, Saint Petersburg, after seven years of construction, at a ceremony in the presence of the Tsar Peter the Great.
- October 28 – Sweden and Denmark-Norway sign an armistice, halting combat in the Great Northern War between them, with final terms agreed to in the Treaty of Frederiksborg on July 3, 1720.
- November 9 – In a treaty between Sweden and Hanover at the close of the Great Northern War, Sweden cedes the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (in northern Germany) to Hanover.
- December 22 – Andrew Bradford publishes the American Weekly Mercury, Pennsylvania's first newspaper.
Date unknown
- Prussia conducts Europe's first systematic census.
- Miners in Falun, Sweden find the apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson (d. 1677), in an unused part of the copper mine.
- Raine's Foundation School, Bethnal Green (founded by Henry Raine), opens in Wapping, England.
- James Figg opens one of the first indoor venues for combat sports, adjoining the City of Oxford tavern in Oxford Road, London.
Births
January
- January 1 – Pierre-François Hugues d'Hancarville, art historian and historian of ideas (d. 1805)
- January 2
- January 3
- January 6
- January 10 – Maria Dorothea Wagner, German painter (d. 1792)
- January 14 – Daniel Nettelbladt, German jurist and philosopher (d. 1791)
- January 15 – William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam, British peer (d. 1756)
- January 17
- January 22
- January 23 – John Landen, English mathematician (d. 1790)
- January 25 – Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia (d. 1765)
- January 30 – Magnus Gottfried Lichtwer, German writer (d. 1783)
February
- February 2 – Edward Coke, Viscount Coke, British politician (d. 1753)
- February 4 – Ernst Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf, German politician (d. 1769)
- February 6 – Alberto Pullicino, Maltese painter (d. 1765)
- February 10 – Clemente Sibiliato, Italian cleric (d. 1795)
- February 11 – Vasilije Božičković, Eparch of Križevci (d. 1785)
- February 13
- February 14 – David Doig, writer (d. 1800)
- February 15
- February 18 – Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger, German physician (d. 1772)
- February 19 – Arthur Blennerhassett, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1799)
- February 20
- February 22 – Joshua Thomas, Historian of Welsh Baptists (d. 1797)
- February 23 – Moses Mather, American clergyman (d. 1806)
- February 27 – Alejandro González Velázquez, Spanish architect and painter (d. 1772)
March
- March 1 – Daniel Thurston, American army officer (d. 1805)
- March 4 – George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (d. 1777)
- March 6
- João Carlos de Bragança, 2nd Duke of Lafões, Portuguese politician (d. 1806)
- March 10 – Pierre-Paul Lemercier de La Rivière de Saint-Médard, French economist (d. 1801)
- March 13 – John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, British nobleman and soldier (d. 1797)
- March 16 – Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp, Prussian lieutenant-general, Imperial Russian field marshal (d. 1763)
- March 17 – Gabriel Podoski, Catholic archbishop (d. 1777)
- March 23 – Anna Catharina Bischoff, Lady (or mummy) of the Barfüsser Church (d. 1787)
- March 26 – Lubbert Jan van Eck, Dutch noble (d. 1765)
- March 29 – John Hawkins, English author and music historian (d. 1789)
- March 30 – John Wentworth, American jurist, soldier, leader of the American Revolution in New Hampshire (d. 1781)
April
- April 2
- April 3
- April 4 – Mary Draper, American revolutionary character (d. 1810)
- April 5
- April 8 – Edmund Pery, 1st Viscount Pery, Irish politician, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons (d. 1806)
- April 9 – Sir Edward Blackett, 4th Baronet, British politician and barrister (d. 1804)
- April 11 – Jakob Friedrich Heusinger, German classical philologist (d. 1778)
- April 13 – John Breynton, Welsh missionary and minister (d. 1799)
- April 16
- April 17
- April 19 – William Banks, British politician (d. 1761)
- April 22 – Jacques Rochette de La Morlière, French writer (d. 1785)
- April 24 – Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti, Italian-born English literary critic and author (d. 1789)
- April 28 – Sir Edward Turner, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1766)
May
- May 5 – Andrew Meikle, Scottish engineer (d. 1811)
- May 6 – Jean Baptiste Christy de La Pallière, French Navy officer (d. 1787)
- May 8 – Nicholas Dias Abeysinghe, ceylonese Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1794)
- May 17 – Bjarni Pálsson, Icelandic doctor (d. 1779)
- May 19
- May 20 – Roger Newdigate, English politician, antiquities collector (d. 1806)
- May 22
- May 24 – Eyre Massey, 1st Baron Clarina, Irish Baron (d. 1804)
- May 27 – Henri-Joseph Dulaurens, French writer (d. 1793)
- May 29 – Lorenzo De Caro, Italian painter (d. 1777)
- May 31 – Robert Rutherfurd, Scottish merchant, Baron of the Russian Empire (d. 1794)
June
- June 2 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist and librettist (d. 1797)
- June 3 – Louis Paul Abeille, economist (d. 1807)
- June 5 – Domenico Orsini d'Aragona, Italian cardinal (d. 1789)
- June 10
- June 11 – François-Charles de Velbrück, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1784)
- June 17 – Joshua Parry, Welsh nonconformist minister and writer (d. 1776)
- June 19 – Sir Thomas Clavering, 7th Baronet, British politician (d. 1794)
- June 28 – Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general, diplomat, statesman (d. 1785)
July
- July 2 – Josip Šišković, Hapsburg military officer (d. 1783)
- July 7
- July 11 – Giuseppe Toaldo, Italian physicist (d. 1797)
- July 16
- July 23 – Frances Boscawen, English literary hostess; (d. 1805)
- July 25 – Chevalier de Johnstone, Jacobite Army officer (d. 1800)
- July 26 – Elizabeth Pakenham, 1st Countess of Longford, English noblewoman (d. 1794)
- July 29 – William Innes, British Member of Parliament (d. 1795)
August
- August 4 – Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German and Russian mineralogist (d. 1767)
- August 5 – Robert Glynn, British doctor (d. 1800)
- August 7
- August 10 – Philip Thicknesse, author (d. 1792)
- August 11 – George Selwyn, British politician (d. 1791)
- August 13 – Itakura Katsuzumi, Japanese samurai (d. 1769)
- August 18 – Bernard Ward, 1st Viscount Bangor, Irish politician and peer (d. 1781)
- August 19 – Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier, diplomat (d. 1781)
- August 20
- August 23 – Pierre Poivre, French horticulturalist (d. 1786)
- August 25
- August 26 – Carlo Sebastiano Berardi, Italian jurist (d. 1768)
September
- September 3 – Ferdinand Zellbell the Younger, Swedish composer (d. 1780)
- September 6 – Somerset Hamilton Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick (d. 1754)
- September 11 – Tanuma Okitsugu, Japanese government official (d. 1788)
- September 13 – Étienne Ficquet, engraver (d. 1794)
- September 15 – Friedrich Christian Meuschen, German zoologist (d. 1811)
- September 17
- September 21
- September 24 – Florian Baucke, Jesuit missionary (d. 1780)
- September 27 – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (d. 1800)
- September 30 – François Poulletier de la Salle, chemist and medical doctor (d. 1788)
October
- October 1 – John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, British politician (d. 1781)
- October 3 – Paul Henry Ourry, British Member of Parliament (d. 1783)
- October 7 – Jacques Cazotte, French writer (d. 1792)
- October 9 – Georg Mathias Fuchs, German painter in Denmark (d. 1797)
- October 10 – Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick, English Earl (d. 1773)
- October 12 – Ignaz Franz, German priest, hymnwriter (d. 1790)
- October 13 – Josef Ignaz Mildorfer, Austrian painter (d. 1775)
- October 14 – John Holker, English Jacobite soldier, industrialist and commercial spy (d. 1786)
- October 18 – Charles Bulkley, British minister (d. 1797)
- October 20 – Gottfried Achenwall, German philosopher, historian, economist, jurist, statistician (d. 1772)
- October 23 – Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (d. 1774)
- October 24
- October 25 – Edward Townshend, Anglican dean of Norwich (d. 1765)
- October 26
- October 30 – Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicino, Italian priest (d. 1785)
November
- November 6 – Louis-Antoine Caraccioli, French writer, poet and historian (d. 1803)
- November 9 – Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani, Italian chess player (d. 1796)
- November 14
- November 17
- November 22 – Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein, German artist (d. 1793)
- November 23
- November 30 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (d. 1772)
December
-
December 8 – Andrés Marcos Burriel, historian (d. 1762)
-
December 13 – Thomas Gillespie, North Carolina planter (d. 1797)
-
December 15 – Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1790)
-
December 18 – William Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Harrington, British Army general (d. 1779)
-
December 25 – George Campbell, figure of the Scottish Enlightenment (d. 1796)
-
December 26 – Salvatore Maria di Blasi, Italian priest (d. 1814)
-
December 27 – John Phillips, American academic (d. 1795)
-
December 28 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French diplomat (d. 1787)
-
date unknown
Deaths
January
- January 27 – William Munroe, Scottish soldier (b. 1625)
- January 3 – Jacob Toorenvliet, Dutch painter (b. 1640)
- January 5
- January 6 – Richard Hoare, banker, founder of C. Hoare & Co. (b. 1648)
- January 11 – Mizoguchi Shigemoto, Japanese daimyō (b. 1680)
- January 16 – Petar Kanavelić, Venetian writer (b. 1637)
- January 17 – Sophie Amalie Moth, royal mistress of King Christian V of Denmark (b. 1654)
- January 18 – Samuel Garth, British writer (b. 1661)
- January 19 – Joachim Tielke, German musical instrument maker (b. 1641)
- January 22
- January 26 – Tikhon Streshnev, Russian noble (b. 1644)
- January 27 – Ferdinando d'Adda, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1650)
February
- February 6 – Köprülüzade Numan Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. 1670)
- February 12 – Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, Swedish general (b. 1659)
- February 14 – Carl Philipp, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian field Marshal (b. 1650)
- February 15 – Bernardino Belluzzi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Camerino (b. 1642)
- February 19
- February 22 – Pakubuwono I of Mataram, Sultan of Mataram (b. 1648)
- February 23 – Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, German Lutheran clergy (b. 1682)
- February 25 – Giovanni Maria Casini, Italian composer (b. 1652)
- February 27 – Johann Ernst, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1664)
- February 28 – Boris Sheremetev, Russian noble (b. 1652)
March
- March 1 – Richard Ingoldesby, British Army officer, lieutenant governor of New York and New Jersey (b. 1617)
- March 3 – Jacques-Louis de Valon, French poet (b. 1659)
- March 7
- March 9 – Peeter van Bredael, Flemish painter (b. 1629)
- March 10 – Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond, French architect (b. 1679)
- March 12 – Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli, Italian artist (b. 1659)
- March 13 – Johann Friedrich Böttger, Saxon alchemist (b. 1682)
- March 14 – Mary Hamilton, executed Russian lady-in-waiting (b. 1684)
- March 17 – Isaac de Larrey, French historian (b. 1638)
- March 19
April
- April 4 – Thomas Powys, English politician and judge; (b. 1649)
- April 5 – Edward Colston, politician (b. 1670)
- April 7 – Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, French priest, education reformer, saint in the Catholic Church (b. 1651)
- April 14 – Giovanni Tommaso Rovetta, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Hvar (b. 1632)
- April 15 – Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, mistress and later secret wife of King Louis XIV of France (b. 1635)
- April 16 – Ketevan of Kakheti, princess (batonishvili) of eastern Georgia (b. 1648)
- April 19
- April 21
- April 24 – Hyacinthe Robillard d'Avrigny, Jesuit (b. 1675)
- April 27 – Laurentius Christophori Hornæus, Swedish witch hunter (b. 1645)
- April 28 – Farrukhsiyar, Mughal Emperor (b. 1685)
May
- May 3 – Pierre Le Gros the Younger, sculptor from France (b. 1666)
- May 5 – Prince Yeollyeong, Korean prince (b. 1699)
- May 7 – Sebastiano Bombelli, Italian painter (b. 1635)
- May 13
- May 21 – Pierre Poiret, French philosopher and mystic (b. 1646)
- May 23
- May 27 – Thomas Newport, 1st Baron Torrington, British politician and baron (b. 1655)
- May 29
- May 31 – Edmund Dunch, English politician (b. 1657)
June
- June 2 – Charles Le Goux de La Berchère, French prelate (b. 1647)
- June 5 – Jean-Baptiste Delaveyne, French monk, priest and religious founder (b. 1653)
- June 6
- June 7 – John Addenbrooke, English doctor and benefactor (b. 1680)
- June 17
- June 19
- June 20 – Willem Kerricx, Flemish sculptor (b. 1652)
- June 21
- June 23 – Christopher Wandesford, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer, Member of Parliament (b. 1684)
- June 26 – Frederick William I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1682)
July
- July 5 – Samuel Schotten, German rabbi (b. 1644)
- July 16
- July 17 – Elinor James, British pamphleteer (b. 1644)
- July 19 – Anna Katharina Block, German Baroque (b. 1642)
- July 21
- July 22
- July 27 – Cornelis de Graeff II., Lords of Purmerland and Ilpendam (b. 1671)
- July 28 – Arp Schnitger, German organ builder (b. 1648)
- July 30 – Giambattista Felice Zappi, poet from Italy (b. 1667)
August
- August 2 – Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Polish prince (b. 1669)
- August 3 – Johann Philipp von Greifenclau zu Vollraths, Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg (b. 1652)
- August 5 – Date Tsunamura, Japanese daimyō at the center of the Date Sōdō (b. 1659)
- August 7 – Richard Farington, English politician (b. 1644)
- August 8 – Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (b. 1667)
- August 9 – Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton, English and Scottish politician (b. 1649)
- August 11 – Leonard Goffiné, German Catholic priest and writer (b. 1648)
- August 14 – Alexander Grant, Scottish army officer (b. 1674)
- August 18 – Heinrich von Cocceji, German scholar (b. 1644)
- August 19 – Carl Hildebrand von Canstein, German theologian, jurist and writer (b. 1667)
- August 30 – Daniel Cronström, Swedish architect (b. 1655)
September
- September 7 – John Harris, English writer, scientist, Anglican priest (b. 1666)
- September 8 – Carlo Cignani, Italian painter (b. 1628)
- September 16 – Henrich Danckwardt, Swedish military personnel (b. 1670)
- September 18
- September 19
- September 21 – Johann Heinrich Acker, German historian (b. 1647)
- September 22
- September 25 – Michel Félibien, French historian and writer (b. 1665)
- September 27 – George Smalridge, English Bishop of Bristol (b. 1662)
- September 29 – Jean Orry, French economist (b. 1652)
October
- October 1 – Margaret Hughes, British actress (b. 1630)
- October 3 – Johann Gregor Thalnitscher, Carniolan lawyer, scholar of ancient inscriptions, chronicler, historian (b. 1655)
- October 7 – Pierre Remond de Montmort, French mathematician (b. 1678)
- October 9 – Charles Louis Bretagne de La Trémoille, French noble (b. 1683)
- October 11
- October 14 – Arnold Houbraken, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1660)
- October 15 – Jan Mortel, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1652)
- October 25 – Catharina Wallenstedt, Swedish writer and courtier (b. 1627)
- October 26 – Laurens van der Meulen, Flemish sculptor (b. 1643)
- October 27 – François Baert, Belgian hagiographer (b. 1651)
- October 28
November
- November 2 – Georg Johann Mattarnovi, German architect (b. 1677)
- November 3 – Jan Claesz Rietschoof, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1652)
- November 8 – Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652)
- November 9 – Oley Douglas, British Member of Parliament (b. 1684)
- November 19 – Charles-Claude Genest, French dramatist and playwright (b. 1639)
- November 22 – William Talman, British architect; (b. 1650)
- November 23 – John Mavrocordatos, Phanariote Prince (b. 1684)
- November 26 – John Hudson, English classical scholar (b. 1662)
- November 30 – Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japanese samurai (b. 1659)
December
-
December 2 – Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (b. 1634)
-
December 3 – Adriaen Frans Boudewijns, Flemish painter and engraver (b. 1644)
-
December 8 – Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve, Count of Samsø, Danish nobleman and admiral (b. 1678)
-
December 9 – Charles Oliphant, British physician (b. 1666)
-
December 11
-
December 15 – Mitford Crowe, English politician (b. 1669)
-
December 24 – William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin, Irish Earl (b. 1662)
-
December 28 – Jacob Bobart the Younger, English botanist (b. 1641)
-
December 29 – Philip of Spain, Spanish Royal infante (b. 1712)
-
December 30 – Lord James Murray, British politician (b. 1663)
-
December 31 – John Flamsteed, English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal (b. 1646)
-
date unknown
References
References
- "The Carolean death march".
- "Historical Events for Year 1719 | OnThisDay.com".
- (July 1, 2014). ""The 1719 El Salvador Earthquake: An M>7.0 Event in the Central American Volcanic Arc?"". Seismological Research Letters.
- H. E. L. Mellersh, ed. ''Chronology of World History'', Volume 9 (ABC-CLIO, 1999) p. 532
- "History of France— War with Spain", in ''The History of France: from the Earliest Period to the Present Time'', by Thomas Wright (London Printing, 1856) Vol. II, p263
- "Le Moyne de Bienville, Jean-Baptiste", University of Toronto, 2000, webpage: [http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?BioId=35608 biog-ca-Bienville].
- Erhan Afyoncu. (September 26, 2018). "Istanbul's nightmare: A timeline of earthquakes that shook the city".
- Fritz Löffler, ''Die Wiederholung der Orangeriebauten nach der Stadt und die vierte Zwingerseite in Der Zwinger in Dresden'' (E. A. Seemann Verlag, 1976) p. 35.
- Zahir Uddin Malik, ''The reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719–1748'' (Asia Publishing, 1977) p. 407
- Charles Dalton, ''George The First's Army 1714~1727'' (Oxford University, 1912) p. 7
- [https://walkspb.ru/istoriya-peterburga/ulpl/millionnaya-ul (Миллионная улица) "Millionnaya Street"], Walk SPB
- Oswald Kuylenstierna, ''Striderna vid Göta älfs mynning åren 1717 och 1719'' [The skirmishes at the mouth of Göta älv between 1717 and 1719] (in Swedish) (Norstedt, 1899) pp. 38-40
- (1982). "Sporting Days in Eighteenth Century England". Journal of Sport History.
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