Brahmic scripts
Family of abugida writing systems
title: "Brahmic scripts" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["brahmic-scripts", "abugida-writing-systems"] description: "Family of abugida writing systems" topic_path: "general/brahmic-scripts" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Family of abugida writing systems ::
The Brahmic scripts, also known as Indic scripts, are a family of abugida writing systems. They are descended from the Brahmi script of ancient India and are used by various languages in several language families in South, East and Southeast Asia: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolic, Austroasiatic, Austronesian, and Tai. They were also the source of the dictionary order (gojūon) of Japanese kana.
History
Brahmic scripts descended from the Brahmi script. Brahmi is clearly attested from the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka, who used the script for imperial edicts. Northern Brahmi gave rise to the Gupta script during the Gupta period, which in turn diversified into a number of cursives during the medieval period. Notable examples of such medieval scripts, developed by the 7th or 8th century, include Nagari, Siddham and Sharada.
The Siddhaṃ script was especially important in Buddhism, as many sutras were written in it. The art of Siddham calligraphy survives today in Japan. The tabular presentation and dictionary order of the modern kana system of Japanese writing is believed to be descended from the Indic scripts, most likely through the spread of Buddhism.
Southern Brahmi evolved into the Kadamba, Pallava and Vatteluttu scripts, which in turn diversified into other scripts of South India and Southeast Asia. Brahmic scripts spread in a peaceful manner, Indianization, or the spread of Indian learning. The scripts spread naturally to Southeast Asia, at ports on trading routes. At these trading posts, ancient inscriptions have been found in Sanskrit, using scripts that originated in India. At first, inscriptions were made in Indian languages, but later the scripts were used to write the local Southeast Asian languages. Hereafter, local varieties of the scripts were developed. By the 8th century, the scripts had diverged and separated into regional scripts.
Image:Asokan brahmi pillar edict.jpg|A fragment of Ashoka's 6th pillar edict, in Brahmi, the ancestor of all Brahmic scripts File:Brahmic script travel from India.png|Spread of Brahmic family of scripts (and Kharosthi) from the subcontinent.
Characteristics
Some characteristics, which are present in most but not all the scripts, are:
- Each consonant has an inherent vowel which is usually a short ‘ə’ (in Bengali, Assamese and Odia, the phoneme is /ɔ/ due to sound shifts). Other vowels are written by adding to the character. A mark, known in Sanskrit as a virama/halanta/hasanta, can be used to indicate the absence of an inherent vowel, although it is rarely used.
- Each vowel has two forms, an independent form when not attached to a consonant, and a dependent form, when attached to a consonant. Depending on the script, the dependent forms can be either placed to the left of, to the right of, above, below, or on both the left and the right sides of the base consonant.
- Consonants (up to 4 in Devanagari) can be combined in ligatures. Special marks are added to denote the combination of 'r' with another consonant.
- Nasalization and aspiration of a consonant's dependent vowel is also noted by separate signs.
- The alphabetical order is: vowels, velar consonants, palatal consonants, retroflex consonants, dental consonants, bilabial consonants, approximants, sibilants, and other consonants. Each consonant grouping had four stops (with all four possible values of voicing and aspiration), and a nasal consonant.
Comparison
Below are comparison charts of several of the major Indic scripts, organised on the principle that glyphs in the same column all derive from the same Brahmi glyph. Accordingly:
- The charts are not comprehensive. Glyphs may be unrepresented if they are later inventions not derived from any Brahmi character.
- The pronunciations of glyphs in the same column may not be identical. The pronunciation row is only representative; the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) pronunciation is given for Sanskrit where possible, or another language if necessary. The transliteration is indicated in ISO 15919.
Consonants
::data[format=table] | ISO | ka | kha | ga | gha | ṅa | ca | cha | ja | jha | ña | ṭa | ṭha | ḍa | ḍha | ṇa | ta | tha | da | dha | na | ṉa | pa | pha/fa | ba | bha | ma | ya | ẏa | ra | ṟa | la | ḷa | ḻa | va | śa | ṣa | sa | ha | kṣa || ṯa | Ashoka Brahmi | Devanagari | Bengali- Assamese | Sharada | Gurmukhi | Gujarati | Odia | Grantha | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Malayalam | Sinhala | Tibetan | ʼPhags-pa | Meitei Mayek | Lepcha | Limbu | Tirhuta | Kaithi | Newa Prachalit | Sylheti Nagari | Chakma | Burmese | Tai Tham | New Tai Lue | Khmer | Thai | Lao | Cham | Kawi | Balinese | Javanese | Sundanese | Lontara | Makasar | Rejang | Batak (Toba) | Baybayin | Buhid | Hanunuo | Tagbanwa | ISO | ka | kha | ga | gha | ṅa | ca | cha | ja | jha | ña | ṭa | ṭha | ḍa | ḍha | ṇa | ta | tha | da | dha | na | ṉa | pa | pha | ba | bha | ma | ya | ẏa | ra | ṟa | la | ḷa | ḻa | va | śa | ṣa | sa | ha | kṣa | ṯa | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 𑀓 | 𑀔 | 𑀕 | 𑀖 | 𑀗 | 𑀘 | 𑀙 | 𑀚 | 𑀛 | 𑀜 | 𑀝 | 𑀞 | 𑀟 | 𑀠 | 𑀡 | 𑀢 | 𑀣 | 𑀤 | 𑀥 | 𑀦 | | 𑀧 | 𑀨 | 𑀩 | 𑀪 | 𑀫 | 𑀬 | | 𑀭 | | 𑀮 | 𑀴 | | 𑀯 | 𑀰 | 𑀱 | 𑀲 | 𑀳 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | क | ख | ग | घ | ङ | च | छ | ज | झ | ञ | ट | ठ | ड | ढ | ण | त | थ | द | ध | न | ऩ | प | फ | ब | भ | म | य | य़ | र | ऱ | ल | ळ | ऴ | व | श | ष | स | ह | क्ष | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ક | ખ | ગ | ઘ | ઙ | ચ | છ | જ | ઝ | ઞ | ટ | ઠ | ડ | ઢ | ણ | ત | થ | દ | ધ | ન | | પ | ફ | બ | ભ | મ | ય | | ર | | લ | ળ | | વ | શ | ષ | સ | હ | ક્ષ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | କ | ଖ | ଗ | ଘ | ଙ | ଚ | ଛ | ଜ | ଝ | ଞ | ଟ | ଠ | ଡ | ଢ | ଣ | ତ | ଥ | ଦ | ଧ | ନ | | ପ | ଫ | ବ | ଭ | ମ | ଯ | ୟ | ର | | ଲ | ଳ | | ୱ | ଶ | ଷ | ସ | ହ | କ୍ଷ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | க | | | | ங | ச | | ஜ | | ஞ | ட | | | | ண | த | | | | ந | ன | ப | | | | ம | ய | | ர | ற | ல | ள | ழ | வ | ஶ | ஷ | ஸ | ஹ | க்ஷ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | క | ఖ | గ | ఘ | ఙ | చ | ఛ | జ | ఝ | ఞ | ట | ఠ | డ | ఢ | ణ | త | థ | ద | ధ | న | న఼ | ప | ఫ | బ | భ | మ | య | య఼ | ర | ఱ | ల | ళ | ఴ | వ | శ | ష | స | హ | క్ష | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ಕ | ಖ | ಗ | ಘ | ಙ | ಚ | ಛ | ಜ | ಝ | ಞ | ಟ | ಠ | ಡ | ಢ | ಣ | ತ | ಥ | ದ | ಧ | ನ | ನ಼ | ಪ | ಫ | ಬ | ಭ | ಮ | ಯ | ಯ಼ | ರ | ಱ | ಲ | ಳ | ೞ | ವ | ಶ | ಷ | ಸ | ಹ | ಕ್ಷ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ക | ഖ | ഗ | ഘ | ങ | ച | ഛ | ജ | ഝ | ഞ | ട | ഠ | ഡ | ഢ | ണ | ത | ഥ | ദ | ധ | ന | ഩ | പ | ഫ | ബ | ഭ | മ | യ | | ര | റ | ല | ള | ഴ | വ | ശ | ഷ | സ | ഹ | ക്ഷ | ഺ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ක | ඛ | ග | ඝ | ඞ | ච | ඡ | ජ | ඣ | ඤ | ට | ඨ | ඩ | ඪ | ණ | ත | ථ | ද | ධ | න | | ප | ඵ | බ | භ | ම | ය | | ර | | ල | ළ | | ව | ශ | ෂ | ස | හ | ක්ෂ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ཀ | ཁ | ག | གྷ | ང | ཅ | ཆ | ཇ | ཛྷ | ཉ | ཊ | ཋ | ཌ | ཌྷ | ཎ | ཏ | ཐ | ད | དྷ | ན | | པ | ཕ | བ | བྷ | མ | ཡ | | ར | ཬ | ལ | | | ཝ | ཤ | ཥ | ས | ཧ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꯔ | | ꯂ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᰀ | ᰂ | ᰃ | | ᰅ | ᰆ | ᰇ | ᰈ | | ᰉ | ᱍ | ᱎ | ᱏ | | | ᰊ | ᰋ | ᰌ | | ᰍ | | ᰎ | ᰐ | ᰓ | | ᰕ | ᰚ | | ᰛ | | ᰜ | | | ᰟ | ᰡ | ᰡ᰷ | ᰠ | ᰝ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᤁ | ᤂ | ᤃ | ᤄ | ᤅ | ᤆ | ᤇ | ᤈ | ᤉ | ᤊ | | | | | | ᤋ | ᤌ | ᤍ | ᤎ | ᤏ | | ᤐ | ᤑ | ᤒ | ᤓ | ᤔ | ᤕ | | ᤖ | | ᤗ | | | ᤘ | ᤙ | ᤚ | ᤛ | ᤜ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑒏 | 𑒐 | 𑒑 | 𑒒 | 𑒓 | 𑒔 | 𑒕 | 𑒖 | 𑒗 | 𑒘 | 𑒙 | 𑒚 | 𑒛 | 𑒜 | 𑒝 | 𑒞 | 𑒟 | 𑒠 | 𑒡 | 𑒢 | | 𑒣 | 𑒤 | 𑒥 | 𑒦 | 𑒧 | 𑒨 | | 𑒩 | | 𑒪 | | | | 𑒬 | 𑒭 | 𑒮 | 𑒯 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑂍 | 𑂎 | 𑂏 | 𑂐 | 𑂑 | 𑂒 | 𑂓 | 𑂔 | 𑂕 | 𑂖 | 𑂗 | 𑂘 | 𑂙 | 𑂛 | 𑂝 | 𑂞 | 𑂟 | 𑂠 | 𑂡 | 𑂢 | | 𑂣 | 𑂤 | 𑂥 | 𑂦 | 𑂧 | 𑂨 | | 𑂩 | | 𑂪 | | | 𑂫 | 𑂬 | 𑂭 | 𑂮 | 𑂯 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑐎 | 𑐏 | 𑐐 | 𑐑 | 𑐒 | 𑐔 | 𑐕 | 𑐖 | 𑐗 | 𑐘 | 𑐚 | 𑐛 | 𑐜 | 𑐝 | 𑐞 | 𑐟 | 𑐠 | 𑐡 | 𑐢 | 𑐣 | 𑐣𑑆 | 𑐥 | 𑐦 | 𑐧 | 𑐨 | 𑐩 | 𑐫 | 𑐫𑑆 | 𑐬 | 𑐬𑑆 | 𑐮 | 𑐮𑑆 | 𑐲𑑆 | 𑐰 | 𑐱 | 𑐲 | 𑐳 | 𑐴 | 𑐎𑑂𑐲 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑄇 | 𑄈 | 𑄉 | 𑄊 | 𑄋 | 𑄌 | 𑄍 | 𑄎 | 𑄏 | 𑄐 | 𑄑 | 𑄒 | 𑄓 | 𑄔 | 𑄕 | 𑄖 | 𑄗 | 𑄘 | 𑄙 | 𑄚 | | 𑄛 | 𑄜 | 𑄝 | 𑄞 | 𑄟 | 𑄠 | 𑄡 | 𑄢 | | 𑄣 | 𑅄 | | 𑄤 | | | 𑄥 | 𑄦 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | က | ခ | ဂ | ဃ | င | စ | ဆ | ဇ | ဈ | ဉ / ည | ဋ | ဌ | ဍ | ဎ | ဏ | တ | ထ | ဒ | ဓ | န | | ပ | ဖ | ဗ | ဘ | မ | ယ | | ရ | | လ | ဠ | | ဝ | ၐ | ၑ | သ | ဟ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᨠ | ᨡ,ᨢ | ᨣ,ᨤ | ᨥ | ᨦ | ᨧ | ᨨ | ᨩ,ᨪ | ᨫ | ᨬ | ᨭ | ᨮ | ᨯ | ᨰ | ᨱ | ᨲ | ᨳ | ᨴ | ᨵ | ᨶ | | ᨷ,ᨸ | ᨹ,ᨺ | ᨻ,ᨼ | ᨽ | ᨾ | ᨿ,ᩀ | | ᩁ | | ᩃ | ᩊ | | ᩅ | ᩆ | ᩇ | ᩈ | ᩉ,ᩌ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᦂ | ᦃ | ᦅ,ᦆ | | ᦇ | ᦈ | | ᦋ,ᦌ | | | | | ᦡ,ᦤ | | | ᦎ | ᦏ | ᦑ | ᦒ | ᦓ | | ᦢ,ᦥ,ᦔ | ᦕ,ᦚ | ᦗ,ᦝ | ᦘ | ᦙ | ᦍ,ᦊ | | ᦣ | | ᦟ | | | ᦞ | | | ᦉ | ᦠ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ก | ข,(ฃ) | ค,(ฅ) | ฆ | ง | จ | ฉ | ช,(ซ) | ฌ | ญ | ฎ,(ฏ) | ฐ | ฑ | ฒ | ณ | ด,(ต) | ถ | ท | ธ | น | | ป,(บ) | ผ,(ฝ) | พ,(ฟ) | ภ | ม | ย | | ร | | ล | ฬ | | ว | ศ | ษ | ส | ห,ฮ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ກ | ຂ | ຄ | ຆ | ງ | ຈ | ຉ | ຊ | ຌ | ຎ | ຏ | ຐ | ຑ | ຒ | ຓ | ດ,ຕ | ຖ | ທ | ຘ | ນ | | ບ,ປ | ຜ,ຝ | ພ,ຟ | ຠ | ມ | ຍ | | ຣ | | ລ | ຬ | | ວ | ຨ | ຩ | ສ | ຫ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꨆ | ꨇ | ꨈ | ꨉ | ꨋ | ꨌ | ꨍ | ꨎ | ꨏ | ꨑ | | | | | | ꨓ | ꨔ | ꨕ | ꨖ | ꨘ | | ꨚ | ꨜ | ꨝ | ꨞ | ꨠ | ꨢ | | ꨣ | | ꨤ | | | ꨥ | | ꨦ | ꨧ | ꨨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᝃ | | ᝄ | | ᝅ | | | | | | | | | | | ᝆ | | ᝇ | | ᝈ | | ᝉ | | ᝊ | | ᝋ | ᝌ | | ᝍ | | ᝎ | | | ᝏ | | | ᝐ | ᝑ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᜣ | | ᜤ | | ᜥ | | | | | | | | | | | ᜦ | | ᜧ | | ᜨ | | ᜩ | | ᜪ | | ᜫ | ᜬ | | ᜭ | | ᜮ | | | ᜯ | | | ᜰ | ᜱ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ::
;Notes
Vowels
Vowels are presented in their independent form on the left of each column, and in their corresponding dependent form (vowel sign) combined with the consonant k on the right. A glyph for ka is an independent consonant letter itself without any vowel sign, where the vowel a is inherent.
::data[format=table] | ISO | a | ā | ê | ô | i | ī | u | ū | e | ē | ai | o | ō | au | ə | r̥ | r̥̄ | l̥ | l̥̄ | ṁ | ḥ | | a | ka | ā | kā | ê | kê | ô | kô | i | ki | ī | kī | u | ku | ū | kū | e | ke | ē | kē | ai | kai | o | ko | ō | kō | au | kau | ə | kə | r̥ | kr̥ | r̥̄ | kr̥̄ | l̥ | kl̥ | l̥̄ | kl̥̄ | aṁ | kaṁ | aḥ | kaḥ | k | kŭ | Ashoka Brahmi | Devanagari | Bengali- Assamese | Gujarati | Odia | Gurmukhi | Meitei Mayek | Tibetan | Lepcha | Limbu | Tirhuta | Kaithi | Newa Prachalit | Sylheti Nagari | Tamil | Kannada | Telugu | Sinhala | Malayalam | Chakma | Burmese | Tai Tham | New Tai Lue | Khmer | Thai | Lao | Cham | Kawi | Balinese | Javanese | Sundanese | Lontara | Makasar | Rejang | Batak (Toba) | Baybayin | Buhid | Hanunuo | Tagbanwa | ISO | a | ka | ā | kā | ê | kê | ô | kô | i | ki | ī | kī | u | ku | ū | kū | e | ke | ē | kē | ai | kai | o | ko | ō | kō | au | kau | ə | kə | r̥ | kr̥ | r̥̄ | kr̥̄ | l̥ | kl̥ | l̥̄ | kl̥̄ | aṁ | kaṁ | aḥ | kaḥ | k | kŭ | a | ā | ê | ô | i | ī | u | ū | e | ē | ai | o | ō | au | ə | r̥ | r̥̄ | l̥ | l̥̄ | ṁ | ḥ || || | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 𑀅 | 𑀓 | 𑀆 | 𑀓𑀸 | | | | | 𑀇 | 𑀓𑀺 | 𑀈 | 𑀓𑀻 | 𑀉 | 𑀓𑀼 | 𑀊 | 𑀓𑀽 | | | 𑀏 | 𑀓𑁂 | 𑀐 | 𑀓𑁃 | | | 𑀑 | 𑀓𑁄 | 𑀒 | 𑀓𑁅 | | | 𑀋 | 𑀓𑀾 | 𑀌 | 𑀓𑀿 | 𑀍 | 𑀓𑁀 | 𑀎 | 𑀓𑁁 | 𑀅𑀁 | 𑀓𑀁 | 𑀅𑀂 | 𑀓𑀂 | 𑀓𑁆 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | अ | क | आ | का | ॲ | कॅ | ऑ | कॉ | इ | कि | ई | की | उ | कु | ऊ | कू | ऎ | कॆ | ए | के | ऐ | कै | ऒ | कॊ | ओ | को | औ | कौ | | | ऋ | कृ | ॠ | कॄ | ऌ | कॢ | ॡ | कॣ | अं | कं | अः | कः | क् | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | অ | ক | আ | কা | অ্যা | ক্যা | | | ই | কি | ঈ | কী | উ | কু | ঊ | কূ | | | এ | কে | ঐ | কৈ | | | ও | কো | ঔ | কৌ | | | ঋ | কৃ | ৠ | কৄ | ঌ | কৢ | ৡ | কৣ | অং | কং | অঃ | কঃ | ক্ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | અ | ક | આ | કા | ઍ | કૅ | ઑ | કૉ | ઇ | કિ | ઈ | કી | ઉ | કુ | ઊ | કૂ | | | એ | કે | ઐ | કૈ | | | ઓ | કો | ઔ | કૌ | | | ઋ | કૃ | ૠ | કૄ | ઌ | કૢ | ૡ | કૣ | અં | કં | અઃ | કઃ | ક્,ક્ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ଅ | କ | ଆ | କା | | | | | ଇ | କି | ଈ | କୀ | ଉ | କୁ | ଊ | କୂ | | | ଏ | କେ | ଐ | କୈ | | | ଓ | କୋ | ଔ | କୌ | | | ଋ | କୃ | ୠ | କୄ | ଌ | କୢ | ୡ | କୣ | ଅଂ | କଂ | ଅଃ | କଃ | କ୍ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ਅ | ਕ | ਆ | ਕਾ | | | | | ਇ | ਕਿ | ਈ | ਕੀ | ਉ | ਕੁ | ਊ | ਕੂ | | | ਏ | ਕੇ | ਐ | ਕੈ | | | ਓ | ਕੋ | ਔ | ਕੌ | | | | | | | | | | | ਅਂ | ਕਂ | ਅਃ | ਕਃ | ਕ੍ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꯑ | ꯀ | ꯑꯥ | ꯀꯥ | | | | | ꯏ | ꯀꯤ | | | ꯎ | ꯀꯨ | | | | | ꯑꯦ | ꯀꯦ | ꯑꯩ | ꯀꯩ | | | ꯑꯣ | ꯀꯣ | ꯑꯧ | ꯀꯧ | | | | | | | | | | | ꯑꯪ | ꯀꯪ | | | ꯛ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ཨ | ཀ | ཨཱ | ཀཱ | | | | | ཨི | ཀི | ཨཱི | ཀཱི | ཨུ | ཀུ | ཨཱུ | ཀཱུ | | | ཨེ | ཀེ | ཨཻ | ཀཻ | | | ཨོ | ཀོ | ཨཽ | ཀཽ | | | རྀ | ཀྲྀ | རཱྀ | ཀཷ | ལྀ | ཀླྀ | ལཱྀ | ཀླཱྀ | ཨཾ | ཀཾ | ཨཿ | ཀཿ | ཀ྄ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᰣ | ᰀ | ᰣᰦ | ᰀᰦ | | | | | ᰣᰧ | ᰀᰧ | ᰣᰧᰶ | ᰀᰧᰶ | ᰣᰪ | ᰀᰪ | ᰣᰫ | ᰀᰫ | | | ᰣᰬ | ᰀᰬ | | | | | ᰣᰨ | ᰀᰨ | ᰣᰩ | ᰀᰩ | | | | | | | | | | | ᰣᰴ | ᰀᰴ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᤀ | ᤁ | ᤀᤠ | ᤁᤠ | | | | | ᤀᤡ | ᤁᤡ | ᤀᤡ᤺ | ᤁᤡ᤺ | ᤀᤢ | ᤁᤢ | ᤀᤢ᤺ | ᤁᤢ᤺ | ᤀᤧ | ᤁᤧ | ᤀᤣ | ᤁᤣ | ᤀᤤ | ᤁᤤ | ᤀᤨ | ᤁᤨ | ᤀᤥ | ᤁᤥ | ᤀᤦ | ᤁᤦ | | | | | | | | | | | ᤀᤲ | ᤁᤲ | | | ᤁ᤻ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑒁 | 𑒏 | 𑒂 | 𑒏𑒰 | | | | | 𑒃 | 𑒏𑒱 | 𑒄 | 𑒏𑒲 | 𑒅 | 𑒏𑒳 | 𑒆 | 𑒏𑒴 | | 𑒏𑒺 | 𑒋 | 𑒏𑒹 | 𑒌 | 𑒏𑒻 | | 𑒏𑒽 | 𑒍 | 𑒏𑒼 | 𑒎 | 𑒏𑒾 | | | 𑒇 | 𑒏𑒵 | 𑒈 | 𑒏𑒶 | 𑒉 | 𑒏𑒷 | 𑒊 | 𑒏𑒸 | 𑒁𑓀 | 𑒏𑓀 | 𑒁𑓁 | 𑒏𑓁 | 𑒏𑓂 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑂃 | 𑂍 | 𑂄 | 𑂍𑂰 | | | | | 𑂅 | 𑂍𑂱 | 𑂆 | 𑂍𑂲 | 𑂇 | 𑂍𑂳 | 𑂈 | 𑂍𑂴 | | | 𑂉 | 𑂍𑂵 | 𑂊 | 𑂍𑂶 | | | 𑂋 | 𑂍𑂷 | 𑂌 | 𑂍𑂸 | | | | | | | | | | | 𑂃𑂁 | 𑂍𑂁 | 𑂃𑂂 | 𑂍𑂂 | 𑂍𑂹 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑐀 | 𑐎 | 𑐁 | 𑐎𑐵 | | | | | 𑐂 | 𑐎𑐶 | 𑐃 | 𑐎𑐷 | 𑐄 | 𑐎𑐸 | 𑐅 | 𑐎𑐹 | | | 𑐊 | 𑐎𑐾 | 𑐋 | 𑐎𑐿 | | | 𑐌 | 𑐎𑑀 | 𑐍 | 𑐎𑑁 | | | 𑐆 | 𑐎𑐺 | 𑐇 | 𑐎𑐻 | 𑐈 | 𑐎𑐼 | 𑐉 | 𑐎𑐽 | 𑐀𑑄 | 𑐎𑑄 | 𑐀𑑅 | 𑐎𑑅 | 𑐎𑑂 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | அ | க | ஆ | கா | | | | | இ | கி | ஈ | கீ | உ | கு | ஊ | கூ | எ | கெ | ஏ | கே | ஐ | கை | ஒ | கொ | ஓ | கோ | ஔ | கௌ | | | | | | | | | | | அஂ | கஂ | அஃ | கஃ | க் | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ಅ | ಕ | ಆ | ಕಾ | | | | | ಇ | ಕಿ | ಈ | ಕೀ | ಉ | ಕು | ಊ | ಕೂ | ಎ | ಕೆ | ಏ | ಕೇ | ಐ | ಕೈ | ಒ | ಕೊ | ಓ | ಕೋ | ಔ | ಕೌ | | | ಋ | ಕೃ | ೠ | ಕೄ | ಌ | ಕೢ | ೡ | ಕೣ | అం | ಕಂ | అః | ಕಃ | ಕ್ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | అ | క | ఆ | కా | | | | | ఇ | కి | ఈ | కీ | ఉ | కు | ఊ | కూ | ఎ | కె | ఏ | కే | ఐ | కై | ఒ | కొ | ఓ | కో | ఔ | కౌ | | | ఋ | కృ | ౠ | కౄ | ఌ | కౢ | ౡ | కౣ | అం | కం | అః | కః | క్ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | අ | ක | ආ | කා | ඇ | කැ | ඈ | කෑ | ඉ | කි | ඊ | කී | උ | කු | ඌ | කූ | එ | කෙ | ඒ | කේ | ඓ | කෛ | ඔ | කො | ඕ | කෝ | ඖ | කෞ | | | ඍ | කෘ | ඎ | කෲ | ඏ | කෟ | ඐ | කෳ | අං | කං | අඃ | කඃ | ක් | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | അ | ക | ആ | കാ | | | | | ഇ | കി | ഈ | കീ | ഉ | കു | ഊ | കൂ | എ | കെ | ഏ | കേ | ഐ | കൈ | ഒ | കൊ | ഓ | കോ | ഔ | കൗ | | | ഋ | കൃ | ൠ | കൄ | ഌ | കൢ | ൡ | കൣ | അം | കം | അഃ | കഃ | ക് | ക് | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑄃𑄧 | 𑄇𑄧 | 𑄃 | 𑄇 | 𑄃𑄬𑄬 | 𑄇𑄬𑄬 | 𑄃𑅅 | 𑄇𑅅 | 𑄄, 𑄃𑄨 | 𑄇𑄨 | 𑄃𑄩 | 𑄇𑄩 | 𑄅, 𑄃𑄪 | 𑄇𑄪 | 𑄃𑄫 | 𑄇𑄫 | | | 𑄆, 𑄃𑄬 | 𑄇𑄬 | 𑄃𑄰 | 𑄇𑄰 | | | 𑄃𑄮 | 𑄇𑄮 | 𑄃𑄯 | 𑄇𑄯 | | | | | | | | | | | 𑄃𑄧𑄁 | 𑄇𑄧𑄁 | 𑄃𑄧𑄂 | 𑄇𑄧𑄂 | 𑄇𑄴 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | အ | က | အာ | ကာ | | | | | ဣ | ကိ | ဤ | ကီ | ဥ | ကု | ဦ | ကူ | | | ဧ | ကေ | အဲ | ကဲ | ဩ | ကော | | | အောင် | ကောင် | | | ၒ | ကၖ | ၓ | ကၗ | ၔ | ကၘ | ၕ | ကၙ | အံ | ကံ | အး | ကး | က် | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᩋ | ᨠ | ᩋᩣ | ᨠᩣ/ᨠᩤ | ᩋᩯ | ᨠᩯ | (ᩋᩬᩴ,ᩋᩳ) | (ᨠᩬᩴ,ᨠᩳ) | ᩍ | ᨠᩥ | ᩎ | ᨠᩦ | ᩏ | ᨠᩩ | ᩐ | ᨠᩪ | (ᩋᩮᩡ) | (ᨠᩮᩡ) | ᩑ | ᨠᩮ | ᩋᩱ | ᨠᩱ | (ᩋᩰᩡ) | (ᨠᩰᩡ) | ᩒ,ᩋᩰ | ᨠᩰ,ᨠᩮᩣ | ᩋᩮᩢᩣ,ᩋᩯᩣ,ᩐᩣ | ᨠᩮᩢᩣ,ᨠᩮᩫᩣ,ᨠᩯᩣ | | | ᩁᩂ | ᨠᩂ | | | | | | | ᩋᩴ | ᨠᩴ | ᩋᩡ | ᨠᩡ | ᨠ᩺,ᨠ᩼ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᦀ | ᦂ | ᦀᦱ | ᦂᦱ | ᦶᦀ | ᦶᦂ | (ᦀᦸ) | (ᦂᦸ) | ᦀᦲᦰ | ᦂᦲᦰ | ᦀᦲ | ᦂᦲ | ᦀᦳ | ᦂᦳ | ᦀᦴ | ᦂᦴ | (ᦵᦀᦰ) | (ᦵᦂᦰ) | ᦵᦀ | ᦵᦂ | ᦺᦀ | ᦺᦂ | (ᦷᦀᦰ) | (ᦷᦂᦰ) | ᦷᦀ | ᦷᦂ | ᦀᧁ | ᦂᧁ | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᦀᦰ | ᦂᦰ | ᧅ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | អ | ក | អា | កា | | | | | ឥ | កិ | ឦ | កី | ឧ | កុ | ឩ | កូ | | | ឯ | កេ | ឰ | កៃ | | | ឱ | កោ | ឳ | កៅ | | | ឫ | ក្ឫ | ឬ | ក្ឬ | ឭ | ក្ឭ | ឮ | ក្ឮ | អំ | កំ | អះ | កះ | ក៑ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | อ (อะ) | ก (กะ) | อา | กา | แอ | แก | (ออ) | (กอ) | อิ | กิ | อี | กี | อุ | กุ | อู | กู | (เอะ) | (เกะ) | เอ | เก | ไอ,ใอ | ไก,ใก | (โอะ) | (โกะ) | โอ | โก | เอา | เกา | | | ฤ | กฺฤ | ฤๅ | กฺฤๅ | ฦ | กฺฦ | ฦๅ | กฺฦๅ | อํ | กํ | อะ (อะฮฺ) | กะ (กะฮฺ) | กฺ (ก/ก์) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ອະ | ກະ | ອາ | ກາ | ແອ | ແກ | (ອອ) | (ກອ) | ອິ | ກິ | ອີ | ກີ | ອຸ | ກຸ | ອູ | ກູ | (ແອະ) | (ແກະ) | ເອ | ເກ | ໄອ,ໃອ | ໄກ,ໃກ | (ໂອະ) | (ໂກະ) | ໂອ | ໂກ | ເອົາ,ອາວ | ເກົາ,ກາວ | | | | | | | | | | | ອํ | ກํ | ອະ | ກະ | ກ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꨀ | ꨆ | ꨀꨩ | ꨆꨩ | | | | | ꨁ | ꨆꨪ | ꨁꨩ | ꨆꨫ | ꨂ | ꨆꨭ | ꨂꨩ | ꨆꨭꨩ | | | ꨃ | ꨆꨯꨮ | ꨄ | ꨆꨰ | | | ꨅ | ꨆꨯ | ꨀꨯꨱ | ꨆꨯꨱ | | | ꨣꨮ | ꨆꨴꨮ | ꨣꨮꨩ | ꨆꨴꨮꨩ | ꨤꨮ | ꨆꨵꨮ | ꨤꨮꨩ | ꨆꨵꨮꨩ | ꨀꩌ | ꨆꩌ | ꨀꩍ | ꨆꩍ | ꩀ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᝀ | ᝃ | | | | | | | ᝁ | ᝃᝒ | | | ᝂ | ᝃᝓ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᜠ | ᜣ | | | | | | | ᜡ | ᜣᜲ | | | ᜢ | ᜣᜳ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᜣ᜴ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ::
Notes
Numerals
::data[format=table] | Hindu-Arabic | |0 | |1 | |2 | |3 | |4 | |5 | |6 | |7 | |8 | |9 | Brahmi numbers | Brahmi digits | Bengali- Assamese | Tirhuta | Odia | Devanagari | Gujarati | Modi | Sharada | Takri | Gurmukhi | Khudabadi | Meitei (Manipuri) | Pracalit | Tibetan | Mongolian | Lepcha | Limbu | Sinhala astrological numbers | Sinhala archaic numbers | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Malayalam | Saurashtra | Ahom | Chakma | Burmese | Tai Tham Astrological Numbers | New Tai Lue | Shan | Khmer | Thai | Lao | Tai Tham | Cham | Balinese | Javanese | Sundanese | Hindu-Arabic | |0 | |1 | |2 | |3 | |4 | |5 | |6 | |7 | |8 | |9 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | | 𑁒 | 𑁓 | 𑁔 | 𑁕 | 𑁖 | 𑁗 | 𑁘 | 𑁙 | 𑁚 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑁦 | 𑁧 | 𑁨 | 𑁩 | 𑁪 | 𑁫 | 𑁬 | 𑁭 | 𑁮 | 𑁯 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ০ | ১ | ২ | ৩ | ৪ | ৫ | ৬ | ৭ | ৮ | ৯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑓐 | 𑓑 | 𑓒 | 𑓓 | 𑓔 | 𑓕 | 𑓖 | 𑓗 | 𑓘 | 𑓙 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ୦ | ୧ | ୨ | ୩ | ୪ | ୫ | ୬ | ୭ | ୮ | ୯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ० | १ | २ | ३ | ४ | ५ | ६ | ७ | ८ | ९ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ૦ | ૧ | ૨ | ૩ | ૪ | ૫ | ૬ | ૭ | ૮ | ૯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑙐 | 𑙑 | 𑙒 | 𑙓 | 𑙔 | 𑙕 | 𑙖 | 𑙗 | 𑙘 | 𑙙 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑇐 | 𑇑 | 𑇒 | 𑇓 | 𑇔 | 𑇕 | 𑇖 | 𑇗 | 𑇘 | 𑇙 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑛀 | 𑛁 | 𑛂 | 𑛃 | 𑛄 | 𑛅 | 𑛆 | 𑛇 | 𑛈 | 𑛉 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ੦ | ੧ | ੨ | ੩ | ੪ | ੫ | ੬ | ੭ | ੮ | ੯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑋰 | 𑋱 | 𑋲 | 𑋳 | 𑋴 | 𑋵 | 𑋶 | 𑋷 | 𑋸 | 𑋹 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꯰ | ꯱ | ꯲ | ꯳ | ꯴ | ꯵ | ꯶ | ꯷ | ꯸ | ꯹ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑑐 | 𑑑 | 𑑒 | 𑑓 | 𑑔 | 𑑕 | 𑑖 | 𑑗 | 𑑘 | 𑑙 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ༠ | ༡ | ༢ | ༣ | ༤ | ༥ | ༦ | ༧ | ༨ | ༩ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᠐ | ᠑ | ᠒ | ᠓ | ᠔ | ᠕ | ᠖ | ᠗ | ᠘ | ᠙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᱀ | ᱁ | ᱂ | ᱃ | ᱄ | ᱅ | ᱆ | ᱇ | ᱈ | ᱉ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᥆ | ᥇ | ᥈ | ᥉ | ᥊ | ᥋ | ᥌ | ᥍ | ᥎ | ᥏ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ෦ | ෧ | ෨ | ෩ | ෪ | ෫ | ෬ | ෭ | ෮ | ෯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑇡 | 𑇢 | 𑇣 | 𑇤 | 𑇥 | 𑇦 | 𑇧 | 𑇨 | 𑇩 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ೦ | ௧ | ௨ | ௩ | ௪ | ௫ | ௬ | ௭ | ௮ | ௯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ౦ | ౧ | ౨ | ౩ | ౪ | ౫ | ౬ | ౭ | ౮ | ౯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ೦ | ೧ | ೨ | ೩ | ೪ | ೫ | ೬ | ೭ | ೮ | ೯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ൦ | ൧ | ൨ | ൩ | ൪ | ൫ | ൬ | ൭ | ൮ | ൯ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꣐ | ꣑ | ꣒ | ꣓ | ꣔ | ꣕ | ꣖ | ꣗ | ꣘ | ꣙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑜰 | 𑜱 | 𑜲 | 𑜳 | 𑜴 | 𑜵 | 𑜶 | 𑜷 | 𑜸 | 𑜹 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𑄶 | 𑄷 | 𑄸 | 𑄹 | 𑄺 | 𑄻 | 𑄼 | 𑄽 | 𑄾 | 𑄿 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ၀ | ၁ | ၂ | ၃ | ၄ | ၅ | ၆ | ၇ | ၈ | ၉ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᪀ | ᪁ | ᪂ | ᪃ | ᪄ | ᪅ | ᪆ | ᪇ | ᪈ | ᪉ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᧐ | ᧑ | ᧒ | ᧓ | ᧔ | ᧕ | ᧖ | ᧗ | ᧘ | ᧙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ႐ | ႑ | ႒ | ႓ | ႔ | ႕ | ႖ | ႗ | ႘ | ႙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ០ | ១ | ២ | ៣ | ៤ | ៥ | ៦ | ៧ | ៨ | ៩ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ๐ | ๑ | ๒ | ๓ | ๔ | ๕ | ๖ | ๗ | ๘ | ๙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ໐ | ໑ | ໒ | ໓ | ໔ | ໕ | ໖ | ໗ | ໘ | ໙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᪐ | ᪑ | ᪒ | ᪓ | ᪔ | ᪕ | ᪖ | ᪗ | ᪘ | ᪙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꩐ | ꩑ | ꩒ | ꩓ | ꩔ | ꩕ | ꩖ | ꩗ | ꩘ | ꩙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᭐ | ᭑ | ᭒ | ᭓ | ᭔ | ᭕ | ᭖ | ᭗ | ᭘ | ᭙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ꧐ | ꧑ | ꧒ | ꧓ | ꧔ | ꧕ | ꧖ | ꧗ | ꧘ | ꧙ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ᮰ | ᮱ | ᮲ | ᮳ | ᮴ | ᮵ | ᮶ | ᮷ | ᮸ | ᮹ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ::
Notes
List of Brahmic scripts
Historical
The Brahmi script was already divided into regional variants at the time of the earliest surviving epigraphy around the 3rd century BC. Cursives of the Brahmi script began to diversify further from around the 5th century AD and continued to give rise to new scripts throughout the Middle Ages. The main division in antiquity was between northern and southern Brahmi. In the northern group, the Gupta script was very influential, and in the southern group the Vatteluttu and Kadamba/Pallava scripts with the spread of Buddhism sent Brahmic scripts throughout Southeast Asia.
::data[format=table]
| IAST | Ashoka | Girnar | Chandragupta | Gujarat | Prayagraj | Narbada | Kistna |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [[File:Brahmi_a.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_a.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_a.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_a.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_aa.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_aa.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_aa.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_aa.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_i.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_i.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_i.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_i.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_ii.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ii.svg | 24px]] | ||||
| [[File:Brahmi_u.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_u.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_u.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_u.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_uu.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_uu.svg | 24px]] | ||||
| [[File:Gupta_girnar_ri.svg | 28px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_ri.svg | 28px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ri.svg | 28px]] | ||
| [[File:Brahmi_e.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_e.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_e.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_e.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_ai.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_ai.svg | 28px]] | ||||
| [[File:Brahmi_o1.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_o.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_o.svg | 28px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_o.svg | |
| [[File:Gupta_ashoka_au.svg | 28px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_au.svg | 28px]] | [[File:Gupta_allahabad_au.svg | |||
| [[File:Brahmi_k.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_k.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_k.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_k.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_kh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_kh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_kh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_kh.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_g.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_g.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_g.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_g.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_gh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_gh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_gh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_gh.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_ng.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_ng.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ng.svg | 24px]] | ||
| [[File:Brahmi_c.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_c.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_c.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_c.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_ch.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_ch.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_ch.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ch.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_j.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_j.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_j.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_j.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_jh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_jh.svg | 24px]] | ||||
| [[File:Brahmi_ny.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_ny.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_ny.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ny.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_tt.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_tt.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_tt.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_tt.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_tth.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_tth.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_tth.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_tth.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_dd.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_dd.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_dd.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_dd.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_ddh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_ddh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_ddh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ddh.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_nn.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_nn.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_nn.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_nn.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_t.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_t.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_t.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_t.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_th.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_th.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_th.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_th.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_d.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_d.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_d.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_d.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_dh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_dh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_dh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_dh.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_n.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_n.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_n.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_n.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_p.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_p.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_p.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_p.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_ph.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ph.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_allahabad_ph.svg | |||
| [[File:Brahmi_b.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_b.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_b.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_b.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_bh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_bh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_bh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_bh.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_m.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_m.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_m.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_m.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_y.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_y.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_y.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_y.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_r.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_r.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_r.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_r.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_l.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_l.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_l.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_l.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_v.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_v.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_v.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_v.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_sh1.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_sh.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_sh.svg | 24px]] | ||
| [[File:Brahmi_ss.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_ss.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_ss.svg | 24px]] | ||
| [[File:Brahmi_s.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_s.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_s.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_s.svg | |
| [[File:Brahmi_h.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_girnar_h.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_ashoka_h.svg | 24px]] | [[File:Gupta_gujarat_h.svg | |
| :: |
Northern Brahmic
- Gupta, 4th century
- Tocharian (Slanting Brahmi)
Southern Brahmic
- Tamil-Brahmi, 2nd century BC
- Pallava
- Tamil
- Grantha
- Khmer
- Cham
- Kawi
- Mon–Burmese
- Modern Mon
- Burmese
- Chakma
- S'gaw Karen
- Shan
- Tanchangya
- Lik-Tai scripts
- Tai Tham
- Pyu
- Vatteluttu
- Sinhala
- Pallava
- Bhattiprolu script
- Kadamba
Unicode of Brahmic scripts
As of Unicode version , the following Brahmic scripts have been encoded:
::data[format=table]
| script | derivation | Period of derivation | usage notes | ISO 15924 | Unicode range(s) | sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahom | Burmese | 13th century | Extinct Ahom language | Ahom | U+11700–U+1174F | |
| Balinese | Kawi | 11th century | Balinese language | Bali | U+1B00–U+1B7F | ᬅᬓ᭄ᬲᬭᬩᬮᬶ |
| Batak | Pallava | 14th century | Batak languages | Batk | U+1BC0–U+1BFF | |
| Baybayin | Kawi | 14th century | Tagalog, other Philippine languages | Tglg | U+1700–U+171F | |
| Bengali-Assamese (Eastern Nagari) | Siddhaṃ | 11th century | Assamese language (Assamese script variant), Bengali language (Bengali script variant), Bishnupriya, Maithili, Meitei language (constitutionally termed as "Manipuri") | Beng | U+0980–U+09FF | {{flatlist |
| Bhaiksuki | Gupta | 11th century | Was used around the turn of the first millennium for writing Sanskrit | Bhks | U+11C00–U+11C6F | |
| Buhid | Kawi | 14th century | Buhid language | Buhd | U+1740–U+175F | |
| Mon-Burmese | Pallava | 11th century | Burmese language, Mon language, numerous modifications for other languages including Chakma, Eastern and Western Pwo Karen, Geba Karen, Kayah, Rumai Palaung, S'gaw Karen, Shan | Mymr | U+1000–U+109F, U+A9E0–U+A9FF, U+AA60–U+AA7F, U+116D0–U116FF | |
| Chakma | Burmese | 8th century | Chakma language | Cakm | U+11100–U+1114F | |
| Cham | Pallava | 8th century | Cham language | Cham | U+AA00–U+AA5F | |
| Devanagari | Nagari | 13th century | Several Indo-Aryan languages (Konkani, Marathi, Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali, Bhili, Sindhi, Gujarati etc), Sino-Tibetan languages (Bodo, Nepal Bhasa, Sherpa etc.), Mundari (Austroasiatic language) and others. | Deva | U+0900–U+097F, U+A8E0–U+A8FF, U+11B00–U+11B5F | |
| Dhives Akuru | Gupta | Before 6th-8th century | Was used to write the Maldivian language up until the 20th century. | Diak | U+11900–U+1195F | |
| Dogra | Takri | Was used to write Dogri. Dogra script is closely related to Takri. | Dogr | U+11800–U+1184F | ||
| Grantha | Pallava | 6th century | Restricted use in traditional Vedic schools to write Sanskrit. Was widely used by Tamil speakers for Sanskrit and the classical language Manipravalam. | Gran | U+11300–U+1137F | |
| Gujarati | Nagari | 17th century | Gujarati language, Kutchi language | Gujr | U+0A80–U+0AFF | |
| Gunjala Gondi | uncertain | 16th century | Used for writing the Adilabad dialect of the Gondi language. | Gong | U+11D60–U+11DAF | |
| Gurmukhi | Sharada | 16th century | Punjabi language | Guru | U+0A00–U+0A7F | |
| Hanunó'o | Kawi | 14th century | Hanuno'o language | Hano | U+1720–U+173F | |
| Javanese | Kawi | 16th century | Javanese language, Sundanese language, Madurese language | Java | U+A980–U+A9DF | |
| Kaithi | Nagari | 16th century | Historically used for writing legal, administrative, and private records. | Kthi | U+11080–U+110CF | |
| Kannada | Telugu-Kannada | Around 4th-6th century | Sanskrit, Kannada, Konkani, Tulu, Badaga, Kodava, Beary, others | Knda | U+0C80–U+0CFF | |
| Kawi | Pallava | 8th century | Kawi was found primarily in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century. | Kawi | U+11F00–U+11F5F | |
| Khmer | Pallava | 11th century | Khmer language | Khmr | U+1780–U+17FF, U+19E0–U+19FF | |
| Khojki | Landa | 16th century | Some use by Ismaili communities. Was used by the Khoja community for Muslim religious literature. | Khoj | U+11200–U+1124F | |
| Khudawadi | Landa | 16th century | Was used by Sindhi communities for correspondence and business records. | Sind | U+112B0–U+112FF | |
| Lao | Khmer | 14th century | Lao language, others | Laoo | U+0E80–U+0EFF | |
| Lepcha | Tibetan | 8th century | Lepcha language | Lepc | U+1C00–U+1C4F | |
| Limbu | Lepcha | 9th century | Limbu language | Limb | U+1900–U+194F | |
| Lontara | Kawi | 17th century | Buginese language, others | Bugi | U+1A00–U+1A1F | |
| Mahajani | Landa | 16th century | Historically used in northern India for writing accounts and financial records. | Mahj | U+11150–U+1117F | |
| Makasar | Kawi | 17th century | Was used in South Sulawesi, Indonesia for writing the Makassarese language. Makasar script is also known as "Old Makassarese" or "Makassarese bird script" in English-language scholarly works. | Maka | U+11EE0–U+11EFF | |
| Malayalam | Grantha | 12th century | Malayalam | Mlym | U+0D00–U+0D7F | |
| Marchen | Tibetan | 7th century | Was used in the Tibetan Bön tradition to write the extinct Zhang-Zhung language | Marc | U+11C70–U+11CBF | |
| Meetei Mayek | Tibetan | 6th century | officially used for Meitei language (constitutionally termed as "Manipuri") in accordance to "The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021" | Mtei | U+AAE0–U+AAFF, U+ABC0–U+ABFF | |
| Modi | Nāgarī | 17th century | Was used to write the Marathi language | Modi | U+11600–U+1165F | |
| Multani | Landa | Was used to write the Multani language | Mult | U+11280–U+112AF | ||
| Nandinagari | Nāgarī | 7th century | Historically used to write Sanskrit in southern India | Nand | U+119A0–U+119FF | |
| New Tai Lue | Tai Tham | 1950s | Tai Lü language | Talu | U+1980–U+19DF | |
| Odia | Siddhaṃ | 13th century | Odia language | Orya | U+0B00–U+0B7F | |
| ʼPhags-pa | Tibetan | 13th century | Historically used during the Mongol Yuan dynasty. | Phag | U+A840–U+A87F | |
| Prachalit (Newa) | Nepal | Has been used for writing the Sanskrit, Nepali, Hindi, Bengali, and Maithili languages | Newa | U+11400–U+1147F | ||
| Rejang | Kawi | 18th century | Rejang language, mostly obsolete | Rjng | U+A930–U+A95F | |
| Saurashtra | Grantha | 20th century | Saurashtra language, mostly obsolete | Saur | U+A880–U+A8DF | |
| Sharada | Gupta | 8th century | Was used for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri | Shrd | U+11180–U111DF, U+11B60–U11B7F | |
| Siddham | Gupta | 7th century | Was used for writing Sanskrit | Sidd | U+11580–U+115FF | |
| Sinhala | Brahmi | 4th century | Sinhala language | Sinh | U+0D80–U+0DFF, U+111E0–U+111FF | |
| Sundanese | Kawi | 14th century | Sundanese language | Sund | U+1B80–U+1BBF, U+1CC0–U+1CCF | |
| Sylheti Nagari | Nagari | 16th century | Historically used for writing the Sylheti language | Sylo | U+A800–U+A82F | |
| Tagbanwa | Kawi | 14th century | Various languages of Palawan, nearly extinct | Tagb | U+1760–U+177F | |
| Tai Le | Mon | 13th century | Tai Nüa language | Tale | U+1950–U+197F | |
| Tai Tham | Mon | 13th century | Northern Thai language, Tai Lü language, Khün language | Lana | U+1A20–U+1AAF | |
| Tai Viet | Thai | 16th century | Tai Dam language | Tavt | U+AA80–U+AADF | |
| Tai Yo/Lai Tay | Khmer | 16th century | Tai Yo language | Tayo | U+1E6C0–U1E6FF | |
| Takri | Sharada | 16th century | Was used for writing Chambeali, and other languages | Takr | U+11680–U+116CF | |
| Tamil | Pallava | 2nd century | Tamil language | Taml | U+0B80–U+0BFF, U+11FC0–U+11FFF | |
| Telugu | Telugu-Kannada | 5th century | Telugu language | Telu | U+0C00–U+0C7F | |
| Thai | Old Khmer | 13th century | Thai language | Thai | U+0E00–U+0E7F | |
| Tibetan | Gupta | 8th century | Classical Tibetan, Dzongkha, Ladakhi language | Tibt | U+0F00–U+0FFF | |
| Tigalari/Tulu | Grantha | 9th century | Tulu, Kannada, and Sanskrit | Tutg | U+11380–U113FF | |
| Tirhuta | Siddham | 13th century | Historically used for the Maithili language | Tirh | U+11480–U+114DF | |
| :: |
References
References
- (2010). "A History of the Japanese Language". Cambridge University Press.
- Court, C. (1996). Introduction. In P. T. Daniels & W. Bright (Eds.) ''The World's Writing Systems'' (pp. 443). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Court, C. (1996). The spread of Brahmi Script into Southeast Asia. In P. T. Daniels & W. Bright (Eds.) ''The World's Writing Systems'' (pp. 445–449). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Sproat, Richard. (2006-07-20). "Brahmi-derived scripts, script layout, and segmental awareness". Written Language and Literacy.
- (2003). "Shan Manuscripts, Part 1".
- "GAZETTE TITLE: The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021".
- Pandey, Anshuman. (2018-01-23). "L2/18-016R: Proposal to encode Dives Akuru in Unicode".
- Pandey, Anshuman. (2015-11-04). "L2/15-234R: Proposal to encode the Dogra script".
- (June 2018). "The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0". Unicode, Inc..
- Aditya Bayu Perdana and Ilham Nurwansah 2020. [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20284r-kawi.pdf Proposal to encode Kawi]
- (June 2018). "The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0". Unicode, Inc..
- Pandey, Anshuman. (2015-11-02). "L2/15-233: Proposal to encode the Makasar script in Unicode".
- (1997). "A Grammar of Meithei". De Gruyter.
- Datta, Amaresh. (1987). "Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature". [[Sahitya Akademi]].
- Salomon, Richard G.. (1996). "The World's Writing Systems". Oxford University Press.
- (1948). "Alphabet a key to the history of mankind".
- (2022-12-16). "L2/22-289R: Final Proposal to encode the Tai Yo Script".
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