Yutian County, Xinjiang

Name

The county derives its Chinese name from the Kingdom of Khotan. The name was written as '于闐' at that time. This was later changed to '玉田' (literally, Jade Field) following the adoption of Simplified Chinese and eventually to '于田' in 1959. The three names have a similar pronunciation in Mandarin Chinese.

"Keriya", the Latin transliteration of the Uyghur name for the county, is derived from the name of the Keriya River.

Yutian County is dubbed the "Home of Jade".

History

The ancient name of Keriya was Yumi (扜彌, Gyuymi, Umi). The name Yumi was used by the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian in his 125 BCE report on his embassy's travels.

Yutian County (于阗县) was formed in 1882, its administrative center was Karakash, and Keriya was only a post station. In 1885, the administrative center of the county was moved to Keriya.

Aurel Stein travelled along the Keriya River in his early 20th century expeditions in the region.

In 1920, the area was part of Hotan Dao (和闐道).

In 1950, the area was part of Hotan Special Area (和闐專區).

In 1959, the Chinese character name for the county was set as '{{linktext|于田}}'.

In 1977, the area became part of Hotan Prefecture.

In November 1980, the Yutian hydroelectric plant, located on the Keriya River, went into operation.

On March 21, 2008, the county was at the epicenter of a 7.1/7.3 magnitude earthquake.

In February 2014, the county was at the epicenter of the 6.8 magnitude 2014 Yutian earthquake. No injuries or deaths were reported.

In 2018, the Financial Times reported that the Yutian county vocational training centre, among the largest of the Xinjiang internment camps, had opened a forced labour facility including eight factories spanning shoemaking, mobile phone assembly and tea packaging, giving a base monthly salary of ¥1,500 ($220). Between 2016 and 2018, the centre expanded 269 percent in total area.

In 2018, Regiment 225 (兵团二二五团), part of Kunyu, was listed as part of the county.

Administrative divisions

Yutian county includes two towns and thirteen townships:

Climate

|Jan record high C = 18.9 |Jan record low C = -21.7 |Feb record high C = 23.8 |Feb record low C = -22.8 |Mar record high C = 32.3 |Mar record low C = -9.3 |Apr record high C = 36.0 |Apr record low C = -1.4 |May record high C = 37.8 |May record low C = 0.7 |Jun record high C = 39.2 |Jun record low C = 6.5 |Jul record high C = 41.4 |Jul record low C = 10.0 |Aug record high C = 40.5 |Aug record low C = 6.9 |Sep record high C = 37.3 |Sep record low C = 1.0 |Oct record high C = 31.5 |Oct record low C = -4.2 |Nov record high C = 24.4 |Nov record low C = -11.6 |Dec record high C = 18.7 |Dec record low C = -22.6

Economy

The county is known for its production of jade. Agriculture and livestock farming in the county produces corn, wheat, rice, cotton, grapes and melons. Industries in the county include jade mining, cotton ginning, tractor repair and preserved fruit processing.

Demographics

As of 2015, 277,206 of the 282,182 residents of the county were Uyghur, 4,678 were Han Chinese and 298 were from other ethnic groups.

In the late 2010s, Uyghurs made up 98.3% of the population of the county.

As of 1999, 98.56% of the population of Keriya (Yutian) County was Uyghur and 1.37% of the population was Han Chinese.

Transportation

• China National Highway 315
• Yutian Wanfang Airport
• Yutian railway station on Hotan–Ruoqiang railway

Notable persons

• Kurban Tulum, promoted by the Chinese Communist Party as a symbol of unity with the Uyghurs

Gallery

File:Johnson-journey-ilchi1865-mapa.jpg|Map including Kiriá (1865) File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-44-3rd-ed.jpg|Map including Yutian (labeled as YÜ-TIEN (KERIYA) (YÜ-T'IEN)) and surrounding region in the International Map of the World (USATC, 1971) File:NJ-44-15 Yu-Tien China.jpg|Map including Keriya (labeled as YÜ-TIEN (YUT'IEN) (ATC, 1971) File:Txu-oclc-6654394-ni-44-3rd-ed.jpg|Map including the southern part of Yutian/Keriya County and the county's border with Tibet (AMS, 1950) File:Operational Navigation Chart G-7, 6th edition.jpg|Map including Yutian (labeled as YUTIAN (YÜ-T'IEN)) and surrounding region (DMA, 1980)

Notes

References

References

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2. link. (6 January 2011). zh-hans. 和田地区辖县。位于塔里木盆地南缘，南依昆仑山与西藏自治区接界。面积4万平方千米，人口19.4万，其中维吾尔族占98.6%。
3. "新疆于田县人民欢迎您！".
4. "于田县历史沿革_区划人口_于田概况_走进于田_新疆于田县人民政府".
5. "于田县概况_历史沿革_于田概况_走进于田_新疆于田县人民政府".
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8. (September 2009). 上海辞书出版社. [[Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House]].. zh-hans. 1959年改于田县。{...}农、牧业发达，产玉米、小麦、稻、棉花、葡萄、瓜果等。以产玉著名。工业有玉石开采、轧棉、农机修理、果脯加工等。
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10. (21 March 2008). link. Sina]]
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12. Chris Buckley. (12 February 2014). "Earthquake Strikes Remote Area of China".
13. Feng. (16 December 2018). "Forced labour being used in China's 're-education' camps".
14. link. (9 May 2016). zh-hans. 新疆生产建设兵团第十四师昆玉市225团成立暨新城区建设奠基仪式在这里举行。{...}于田县"两场一区"兵地共建筹备领导小组与兵团第十四师昆玉市225团筹备工作领导小组共同签署移交接管协议
15. link. XZQH.org. (2 December 2014). zh-hans. 2003年，于田县总面积39094.83平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，于田县常住总人口249899人，其中：木尕拉镇30179人，先拜巴扎镇19796人，加依乡17612人，科克亚乡18582人，阿热勒乡17941人，阿日希乡7664人，兰干乡19524人，斯也克乡21862人，托格日尕孜乡14573人，喀拉克尔乡14294人，奥依托格拉克乡18271人，阿羌乡8494人，英巴格乡9070人，希吾勒乡4312人，达里亚博依乡1281人，拉依苏良种场2489人，国营(昆仑)种羊场1580人，新城区街道13687人，老城区街道6159人，兰干博孜亚农场2529人。
16. link. [[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]. (2018). zh-hans. 统计用区划代码 名称 653226100000 木尕拉镇 653226101000 先拜巴扎镇 653226200000 加依乡 653226201000 科克亚乡 653226202000 阿热勒乡 653226203000 阿日希乡 653226204000 兰干乡 653226205000 斯也克乡 653226206000 托格日尕孜乡 653226207000 喀拉克尔乡 653226208000 奥依托格拉克乡 653226209000 阿羌乡 653226210000 英巴格乡 653226211000 希吾勒乡 653226212000 达里雅布依乡 653226401000 国营（昆仑）种羊场 653226402000 于田监狱 653226500000 兵团二二五团
17. link. (22 March 2018). zh-hans. 于田政府网. zh-hans. 于田县辖2个镇、13个乡：木尕拉镇、先拜巴扎镇、加依乡、科克亚乡、阿热勒乡、阿日希乡、兰干乡、斯也克乡、托格日尕孜乡、喀拉克尔乡、奥依托格拉克乡、阿羌乡、英巴格乡、希吾勒乡、达里雅布依乡。县人民政府驻木尕拉镇。
18. link. (28 February 2019). ug. قۇربانجان قېيۇم. ug. كېرىيە ناھىيەسىنىڭ كۆكيار يېزىسى
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20. link. [[China Meteorological Administration]]
21. link. {{lang. ug. شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى {{lang. zh-hans. 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (15 March 2017)
22. link. zh-hans. 于田政府网. zh-hans. 于田县位于新疆维吾尔自治区南部，塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘，距首府1300公里，距和田180公里，全县总面积4.032万平方公里，总人口28.95万人，其中维吾尔族人口占全县总人口的98.3%，辖13个乡、2个镇、3个场、2个街道办事处，205个行政村，766个村民小组。
23. (2004). "Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers". [[University of Washington Press]].