From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base
Younuo language
Hmongic language spoken in Guangxi, China
Hmongic language spoken in Guangxi, China
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Younuo |
| nativename | ʑou13 nɔ13 |
| states | China |
| region | Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China |
| speakers | 9,700 |
| date | 1995 |
| ref | e18 |
| familycolor | Hmong-Mien |
| fam2 | Hmongic |
| fam3 | Bahengic or Sheic? |
| iso3 | buh |
| glotto | youn1235 |
| glottorefname | Younuo Bunu |
| map | 优诺语分布-zh-cn.png |
| altname | Yuno |
Younuo (also spelled Yuno, 优诺语 yōunuò; autonym: **) is a divergent Hmongic language spoken in Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. Mao (2007:129) reports a total of approximately 4,000 speakers.
Classification
The classification of Younuo within Hmongic is uncertain, although it may be more closely related to Pa-Hng or She. According to Mao (2007), Younuo is most closely related to Pa-Hng, and forms a branch with it. However, Hsiu's (2015, 2018) computational phylogenetic study classifies Younuo as more closely related to She, Jiongnai, and Pana. Li (2018) also treats Younuo as closely related to She, Jiongnai, and Pana.
Demographics
Like Pa-Hng speakers, the Younuo are also called "Red Yao" 红瑶, which can refer to various Yao groups speaking different languages. Younuo speakers are also called Shanhua Red Yao 山话红瑶, and number about 4,600 people. Their neighbors, the Pinghua Red Yao 平话红瑶, speak a Pinghua dialect related to the Chinese varieties of Guibei Pinghua 桂北平话 and Shaozhou Tuhua, and number just over 10,000 people (Mao 2007).
Distribution
Younuo is spoken in Heping township (和平乡), Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China, in the villages of Liutian 柳田 (including Xiaozhai 小寨), Jinjiang 金江, Xinlu 新禄, Jinkeng 金坑 (including Huangluo 黄落), and a few others (Mao 2007:129). The Red Yao of Longsheng County are also distributed in Sishui 泗水, Madi 马堤, and Jiangdi 江底 townships.
Phonology
The tables below present the vowels and consonant phonemes of Younuo as spoken in Xiaozhai (小寨).
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | Close | Mid | Open |
|---|
Diphthongs
Younuo has relatively few diphthongs. These are: , , , , , and . In addition to vowels and diphthongs, other possible syllable codas are and .
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Alveolo-palatal | Dorsal | Glottal | Stops | Fricatives | Affricates | Liquids | Nasals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | ||||||
| Voiceless | |||||||||
| Aspirated | |||||||||
| Palatalized Asp. | |||||||||
| Palatalized | |||||||||
| Voiceless | |||||||||
| Palatalized | |||||||||
| Labialized | |||||||||
| Voiced | |||||||||
| Palatalized | |||||||||
| Voiceless | |||||||||
| Aspirated | |||||||||
| Palatalized Asp. | |||||||||
| Palatalized | |||||||||
| Voiced | |||||||||
| Palatalized | |||||||||
| Voiceless | |||||||||
| Palatalized | |||||||||
| Voiced | |||||||||
| Palatalized | |||||||||
| Voiceless |
Tones
Younuo is a tonal language with eight tones.
| Tone | Pitch Value | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33 | water | |
| 2 | 13 | sky | |
| 3 | 22 | ashes | |
| 4 | 22 | — | — |
| 5 | 35 | star | |
| 6 | 31 | bird | |
| 7 | 53 | terraced field | |
| 8 | 31 | — | — |
References
References
- Hsiu, Andrew. 2015. [https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.1127804 ''The classification of Na Meo, a Hmong-Mien language of Vietnam'']. Paper presented at SEALS 25, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Hsiu, Andrew. 2018. [https://sites.google.com/site/eastasianphyla/hm/hmongic ''Preliminary classification of Hmongic languages''] {{Webarchive. link. (2020-10-23 . East Asian Language Phyla Project (EALPP).)
- Li, Yunbing 李云兵. (2018). "Miao Yaoyu bijiao yanjiu 苗瑶语比较研究 (A comparative study of Hmong-Mien languages)". The Commercial Press 商务印书馆.
- Mao and Li 2007, p. 17.
- Mao and Li 2007, pp. 14–15.
- Mao and Li 2007, p. 18.
- Examples from Mao and Li, pp. 234–235.
This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.
Ask Mako anything about Younuo language — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.
Research with MakoFree with your Surf account
Create a free account to save articles, ask Mako questions, and organize your research.
Sign up freeThis content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.
Report