York University

History

York University was established in 1959 as a non-denominational institution by the York University Act, which received Royal Assent in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on 26 March of that year. Its first class was held in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the University of Toronto St. George campus with a total of 76 students.

The policy of university education initiated in the 1960s responded to population pressure and the belief that higher education was a key to social justice and economic productivity for individuals and for society. The governance was modelled on the provincial University of Toronto Act of 1906, which established a bicameral system of university government consisting of a senate (faculty), responsible for academic policy, and a board of governors (citizens) exercising exclusive control over financial policy and having formal authority in all other matters. The president, appointed by the board, was to provide a link between the two bodies and to perform institutional leadership.

In the fall of 1961, York moved to its first campus, Glendon College, and began to emphasize liberal arts and part-time adult education. York became independent in 1965, after an initial period of affiliation with the University of Toronto (U of T), under the York University Act, 1965. Its main campus on the northern outskirts of Toronto opened in 1965.

Murray Ross, who continues to be honoured today at the university in several ways – including the Murray G. Ross (Valedictorian) Award – was still vice-president of U of T when he was approached to become York University's new president. At the time, York University was envisaged as a feeder campus to U of T, until Ross's powerful vision led it to become a completely separate institution.

In 1965, the university opened a second campus, the Keele Campus, in North York, in the Jane and Finch community. The Glendon campus became a bilingual liberal arts college led by Escott Reid, who envisaged it as a national institution to educate Canada's future leaders, a vision shared by Prime Minister Lester Pearson, who formally opened Glendon College in 1966.

The first Canadian undergraduate program in dance opened at York University in 1970. In 1972, Canada Post featured the nascent institution on 8¢ stamps, entitled York University Campus, North York, Ont. The first Canadian PhD program in women's studies opened with five candidates in January 1992.

Its bilingual mandate and focus on the liberal arts continue to shape Glendon's special status within York University. The new Keele Campus was regarded as somewhat isolated, in a generally industrialized part of the city. Petrol storage facilities are still across the street. Some of the early architecture was unpopular with many, not only for the brutalist designs, but the vast expanses between buildings, which was not viewed as suitable for the climate. In the last two decades, the campus has been intensified with new buildings, including a dedicated student centre and new fine arts, computer science and business administration buildings, a small shopping mall, and a hockey arena. Sobeys Stadium, a tennis stadium built in 2004, is a perennial host of the Canadian Open. As Toronto has spread further out, York has found itself in a relatively central location within the built-up Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and in particular, near the Jane and Finch neighbourhood. Its master plan envisages a denser on-campus environment commensurate with that location. Students occupied the university's administration offices in March 1997, protesting escalating tuition hikes.

In June 2014, the university announced that a new campus would be constructed in Markham, Ontario. The campus will be built near Highway 407, between Kennedy Road and Warden Avenue in partnership with Seneca College. The new campus would house approximately 4,200 students and is anticipated to accommodate up to 10,000 students in future phases. On 20 May 2015, the provincial government announced it will provide financial contribution to this new project. On 24 October 2018, the provincial government announced it would pull its funding for the campus, along with funding for the planned satellite campuses of Laurier University and Toronto Metropolitan University (then Ryerson University). After this cancellation of funding for the Markham project, York University and its partners planned to seek alternative funding. In July 2020, the provincial government allowed plans for the university to go through. The Markham Campus opened for the Fall 2024 session.

Campuses

Keele Campus

Main article: Keele Campus of York University

The Keele Campus is the main campus of York University and is located in northern Toronto bordering York Region. Most of the university's faculties reside here, including Liberal Arts, Fine Arts, Business, Law, Environmental Studies, Science and Engineering, Education, and Health. All together, nearly 50,000 students attend classes on the Keele campus. York University station is a Toronto subway station located on Keele campus. Other transit infrastructure located on or near Keele campus includes the York University Busway and the former York University GO Station.

Glendon Campus

Main article: Glendon College

Glendon College is a bilingual liberal arts faculty and separate campus of York University. Glendon College is home to the Leslie Frost library.

Markham Campus

In 2018, York University announced a proposal to construct a third campus in the City of Markham. The Government of Ontario supported to partially fund the construction and was announced by premier Doug Ford on 23 July 2020. The Markham Campus was due to open for the spring 2024 term, but officially opened in September 2024.

The campus currently hosts over 1,000 students, with capacity projected to be up to 4,200 students over the next several years. Markham is the first public university campus in York Region.

The campus hosts programs in arts and media, IT, liberal arts, environmental studies, engineering, science, and business.

York University is projected to recover its capital investment in the new campus by 2038.

Other locations

While most of the Schulich School of Business and Osgoode Hall Law School programs are offered at the Keele Campus, both of them maintain satellite facilities in downtown Toronto. Schulich operates the Miles S. Nadal Management Centre at 222 Bay Street (EY Tower within the Toronto-Dominion Centre), while Osgoode Hall has a Professional Development Centre at One Dundas West Tower within the Toronto Eaton Centre.

Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change's Lillian Meighen Wright Centre is billed as an eco campus next to Las Nubes Forest Reserve in Costa Rica.

The Schulich School of Business operates a co-campus with GMR School of Business at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, India.

In 2024, the Government of Ontario provided $9 million initial start-up funding to establish the York University School of Medicine that will be located in the Vaughan Healthcare Centre Precinct (VHCP) adjacent to Cortellucci Vaughan Hospital in Vaughan. York will be the third medical school in the Greater Toronto Area, joining Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and the University of Toronto. In April 2024, it was announced that the York University School of Medicine will accept 80 undergraduate students and 102 postgraduate residents at doors open in 2028, expanding to 240 undergraduate students and 293 postgraduate residents across all years once operating at full capacity.

Academics

York's approximately 1500 full-time faculty and academic librarians and archivists are represented by the York University Faculty Association. Contract faculty, teaching assistants, and graduate assistants are represented by CUPE Local 3903.

York University has over 120 undergraduate programs with 17 degree types (BA, iBA, BHS, BSc, iBSc, BBA, iBBA, BEng, BES, BDes, BPA, BFA, BCom, BEd, BDEM, BHRM, BScN, BSW) and offers over 170 degree options. They admit to 30 international degrees offering international language study and opportunities to study abroad at more than 100 international universities. Its international students represent over 150 countries around the world.

Rankings and reputation

York University has been ranked in a number of post-secondary rankings. The 2026 QS World University Rankings ranked the university 333rd in the world and 14th in Canada. The 2025 Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked York 401–500 in the world and 18th in Canada. In 2025, York ranked 38th globally and 7th in Canada in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings for Sustainable Development. The 2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranking placed York in the 401-500 global bracket and tied for 17th in Canada. In the 2024–25 U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking, the university ranked 466th in the world, and 17th in Canada. The Canadian-based Maclean's magazine ranked York University 4th in their 2024 Canadian comprehensive university category.

The university's research performance has been noted in several bibliometric university rankings, which uses citation analysis to evaluates the impact a university has on academic publications. The 2019 Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities and the University Ranking by Academic Performance both ranked the university 488th in the world, and the former additionally ranked it 19th in Canada.

York University has also been featured in rankings that evaluates the employment prospects of its graduates. In QS's 2022 graduate employability ranking, the university ranked 301–500 in the world.

Admissions

According to Maclean's data for 2025, York's average entering grade was 84.1%.

York University's overall acceptance rate is 57%, making the school moderately selective. The average acceptance rate for specific schools and programs is more selective, with the Osgoode Hall Law School at 25-30% and the Schulich School of Business at 30-40%.

Faculties

York University currently has 11 faculties: the School of Arts, Media, Performance & Design, the Faculty of Education, the Faculty of Environmental & Urban Change, Glendon College, the Faculty of Graduate Studies, the Faculty of Health, the Lassonde School of Engineering, the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, Osgoode Hall Law School, the Schulich School of Business, and the Faculty of Science.

York University's Film Department houses Canada's oldest film school and has been ranked one of the best in Canada, with an acceptance rate comparable to that of USC School of Cinematic Arts and Tisch School of the Arts.

The Faculty of Environmental & Urban Change is the oldest and largest environmental studies faculty in Canada. From 1999 to 2018, York University offered the first and largest graphic design program in Ontario York/Sheridan Design (YSDN). It was a four-year University degree delivered jointly by the two leading educational institutions of design in Canada (York University and Sheridan College). The joint program has been discontinued and beginning with the class entering in 2019, four-year design students will enrol in a new Bachelor of Design offered by York University, one which is geared for the future of the profession.

Osgoode Hall Law School moved from a downtown location to the York campus in 1969, after the Ontario government mandated that every law school affiliate with a university. Osgoode Hall offers a number of joint and combined programs.

Research centres and institutes

The Art Gallery of York University houses the permanent art collections. The collection of 1500 objects includes Canadian, American, Inuit, and European mixed media, multimedia, installations, painting, photography, prints, drawings, sculpture, sketchbooks, film and video.

The School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design (AMPD, formerly the Faculty of Fine Arts), offers programmes such as design, ethnomusicology, cultural studies, visual arts, music, dance, and theatre. York's Jazz Department was once overseen by Oscar Peterson. York also has a joint Bachelor of Design program with Sheridan College. York's Departments of Film, Theatre and Creative Writing (which is not affiliated with the Faculty of Fine Arts) offers programmes in film production/directing, acting, and writing respectively, producing many award-winning graduates.

Libraries

Main article: York University Libraries

The York University library has a number of branches. The Scott Library has materials in humanities, social sciences, fine arts, and environmental studies. The business library is the Peter F. Bronfman Business Library.

Partnerships

Seneca College

The Keele campus is host to a satellite facility of Seneca College, which is branded as Seneca@York. The university has an articulation agreement with Seneca College, enabling graduates of select Seneca programs to be considered for transfer credits at York. Additionally, the two institutions offer a joint program in rehabilitation services, where graduates receive a BA or BSc degree from York and a certificate from Seneca College.

Study abroad programs

The university also offers the opportunity for students to earn credits towards their degree while studying abroad through international internships, the "Discover India" program operated between York and FLAME University, and student exchange programs. The university has student exchange agreements with over 120 institutions in 40 countries.

Toronto Raptors

As of October 4, 2024, York University officially announced a partnership with the Toronto Raptors. This partnership aims to provide students with the opportunities and career development resources in sports, entertainment, and media.

Student life

Colleges and residences

York has nine undergraduate residential colleges:

Student unions and organizations

York University is home to over 350 student clubs. A number of larger student organizations are supported by student levy fees. These include the local chapters of the social justice group OPIRG, and Regenesis, an environmental organization on campus that runs farmers' markets at the Keele and Glendon campuses, a free store, a community bike centre and a borrowing centre.

The Village at York University

The Village at York University off-campus student housing area has become a popular area of accommodation for many upper-year and post-graduate students, and the area has had a large amount of attention particularly for large parties hosted by students, including the annual Battle of the Village kegger held in March. There have also been many reports of the level of noise pollution from late-night parties from students living in the area. Safety has also been a pressing issue.

Campus media

Excalibur has been the university's autonomous student newspaper since 1966. In 2008, the YU Free Press was formed as an alternative campus newspaper. Existere is magazine published by students of the university's professional writing program. The magazine was first published in 1978.

YorkU Magazine (est. 2003) is the official magazine of York University. It is published 3 times a year in both a print and digital format.

Athletics

The university is represented in U Sports by the York Lions. Beginning in 1968 York's sporting teams were known as the "Yeomen", after the Yeomen Warders, the guardians of the fortress and palace at the Tower of London, otherwise known as Beefeaters. Later, the name "Yeowomen" was introduced to encourage women to participate in sports. Popular sentiment ran against this name scheme, however, as many students were fond of noting that a "Yeowoman" was fictitious, neither a real word nor having any historical merit. In 2003, after conducting an extensive internal study, the university replaced both names with the "Lions", as part of a larger renaming effort, and a new logo, now a white and red lion, was brought into line with the university's new visual scheme. The name change also brought York University in line with the 92% of other Canadian universities which use a single name for both sexes' sports teams. Ironically, students often refer to the female Lions teams as the "York Lionesses", even though the name "Lion" is intended to apply to both sexes.

York offers 29 interuniversity sport teams, 12 sport clubs, 35 intramural sport leagues, special events and 10 pick-up sport activities offered daily.

York University has several athletic facilities, some of which are used for major tournaments. These include a football stadium, 4 gymnasia, 5 sport playing fields, 4 softball fields, 9 outdoor tennis courts, 5 squash courts, 3 dance/aerobic studios, 6 ice arenas, a swimming pool, an expanding fitness centre and Sobeys Stadium (home of the Canadian Open tennis tournament).

In 2014 the York Lions won four banners: the Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) men's national track and field championship, the Ontario University Athletics women's provincial tennis championship and both the OUA and CIS men's soccer titles. York will be hosting the 2015 CIS Men's Soccer Championships at York Stadium November 2015. In 2015 and 2016 York Lions Women's Tennis team won the Canadian University National Championships. The volleyball team has been coached by, among others, Olympian Sam Schachter.

Fight song

Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: "York Song", sung to the tune "Harvard".

Fraternities and sororities

Fraternities and sororities are not recognized by York University.

Phi Delta Phi (ΦΔΦ) international legal fraternity, at Osgoode Law School, was given special dispensation when the law school became part of the university in 1965, as the fraternity's history with the law school dated back to 1896, and is recognized at York.

Allegations of antisemitism

York University has had multiple instances of alleged antisemitism on campus.

• In 2016, lab technologist Nikolaos Balaskas was fired from the university after Hillel Ontario said that Balaskas made antisemitic social media posts.
• In 2017, police investigated after students found swastikas and an antisemitic statement on a chalkboard at the front of a classroom.
• In 2022, graffiti found on a garage wall near to the campus incited passersby to "shoot Jews in the head" along with an antisemitic caricature. A suspect was later arrested and charged.

Notable people

Main article: List of York University people

York has over 370,000 living alumni. Although a large number of alumni live in Ontario, a significant number live in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Alberta, New York, and Washington, D.C. York also has over 25,000 alumni overseas.

Distinguished research professors and university professors

The ranks of "distinguished research professor" and "university professor" are the highest rank a professor can achieve at York University. There are only ever up to a maximum of 25 each of active distinguished research professors and active university professors at any time. It is awarded to members of the faculty who have made outstanding contributions to the university through their work in research.

• Pat Armstrong, 2010: Sociology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Isabella C. Bakker, 2014: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Norbert Bartel, 2006: Physics & Astronomy, Science
• Dawn Bazely, 2017: Biology, Science
• Ellen Bialystok, 2003: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Deborah Britzman, 2006: Education
• James Carley, 2000: English, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Jean-Gabriel Castel, 1986: Osgoode Hall Law School
• Jerome Ch'en, 1984: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Lorraine Code, 1998: Philosophy, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• J. Douglas Crawford, 2013: Psychology, Health
• Kenneth Davey, 1984: Biology, Science
• Jonathan Edmondson, 2017: History, Liberal Arts and Professional Studies
• Sheila Embleton, 2009: Languages, Literatures & Linguistics, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Stephen Gill, 2006: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Jack Granatstein, 1994: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Leslie S. Greenberg, 2010: Psychology, Health
• Philip Gulliver, 1985: Anthropology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Henry Silton Harris, 1984: Philosophy, Glendon
• Robert Haynes, 1986: Biology, Science
• Michael Herren, 1999: Humanities, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Eric Hessels, 2006: Physics & Astronomy, Science
• Richard Hornsey , 2015: Electrical Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering
• Ian Howard, 1988: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Allan Hutchinson, 2006: Osgoode Hall Law School
• Christopher Innes, 1997: English, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Ian Jarvie, 1993: Philosophy, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Michael Kater, 1992: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Gabriel Kolko, 1986: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• A. B. P. Lever, 1998: Chemistry, Science
• Clifford Leznoff, 2003: Chemistry, Science
• Paul Lovejoy, 1997: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• John C. McConnell, 2005: Earth & Space Science & Engineering, Science & Engineering
• Gareth Morgan, 1992: Commerce, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• H. V. Nelles, 2001: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Hiroshi Ono, 2001: Psychology, Arts
• Leo Panitch, 1999: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Debra Pepler, 2008: Psychology, Health
• Huw O. Pritchard, 1983: Chemistry, Science
• David M. Regan, 1992: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Marcia H. Rioux, 2013: Health Policy & Management, Health
• R. Shayna Rosenbaum, 2025: Psychology, Health
• Beryl Rowland, 1983: English, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Stuart Shanker, 2005: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Gordon Shepherd, 1993: Earth & Space Science, Science
• K. W. Michael Siu, 2008: Chemistry, Science
• Brian Slattery, 2008: Osgoode Hall Law School
• Martin Steinbach, 2000: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Bridget Stutchbury, 2009: Biology, Science
• James Tenney, 1995: Music, Fine Arts
• John Tsotsos, 2008: Computer Science & Engineering, Science & Engineering
• Leah Vosko, 2003: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
• Jianhong Wu, 2011: Mathematics & Statistics, Science

Chancellors

• Wilfred Curtis, former Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Canadian Air Force (December 1959 - June 1968)
• Floyd Chalmers, publishing executive and philanthropist (July 1968 - September 1973)
• Walter L. Gordon, former federal finance minister (October 1973 - November 1977)
• John P. Robarts, former premier of Ontario (December 1977 - May 1982)
• John S. Proctor, former bank executive (May 1982 - September 1983)
• J. Tuzo Wilson, geophysicist (September 1983 - June 1986)
• Larry Clarke, founder of SPAR Aerospace (July 1986 - June 1991)
• Oscar Peterson, jazz pianist (September 1991 - February 1994)
• Arden Haynes, former CEO of Imperial Oil (February 1994 - April 1998)
• Avie Bennett, philanthropist (May 1998 - June 2004)
• Peter deCarteret Cory, former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (June 2004 - May 2008)
• Roy McMurtry, former Chief Justice of Ontario (May 2008 - June 2014)
• Gregory Sorbara, former Ontario cabinet minister (June 2014 – May 2023)
• Kathleen Taylor, former chair of the Royal Bank of Canada (May 2023 – present)

Presidents

• Murray G. Ross, academic 1959–1970
• David Slater, economist and civil servant 1970–1973
• H. Ian Macdonald, economist and civil servant 1973–1984
• Harry W. Arthurs, lawyer and academic 1985–1992
• Susan Mann, historian and academic, 1993–1997
• Lorna Marsden, academic and politician 1997–2007
• Mamdouh Shoukri, academic, 2007–2017
• Rhonda Lenton, academic (sociologist), 2017–present

Labour disruptions

York University has a history of faculty and teaching assistant strikes. In 1997, there was a faculty strike by YUFA that lasted seven weeks. At the time, this was the second longest strike in Canadian University history. Key issues in the strike included retirement, funding, and institutional governance.

In 2001, teaching assistants and contract faculty went on strike for 11 weeks, when the university broke its own record. The central issue in the 2001 disruption was the administration's proposed attempts to remove tuition indexation language.

2008 CUPE 3903 Strike

Main article: 2008–09 York University strike

A strike beginning on 6 November 2008 concerned a variety of institutional grievances, including job security for contract professors, elimination of the Non-Academic Student Code of Conduct, creation of whistleblower protection, and fund indexation. On 20 January 2009, CUPE 3903 defeated a forced ratification vote that would have ended the strike. On 24 January, Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty announced a rare Sunday recall of the provincial legislature in order to pass back-to-work legislation mandating an immediate end to the strike. On 29 January, the York University Labour Disputes Resolution Act was passed in the provincial parliament on a count of 42–8 ending the long 85-day strike and setting a precedent for future university strikes in Ontario.

2015 CUPE 3903 Strike

An additional strike by teaching assistants, contract faculty, and graduate assistants took place throughout March 2015. When the strike began, on 2 March, the university cancelled nearly all classes because about 2/3 of York courses were taught by the striking contract faculty at the time. On 10 March, the contract faculty ratified a new agreement, but the teaching assistants and graduate assistants rejected tentative agreements the bargaining team had reached with the university. The teaching assistants and graduate assistants, continued their strike until the end of the month. Contract faculty did not go back to work in support of the union and classes remained cancelled. The union reached a tentative agreement with the university on 29 March 2015, which was ratified on 31 March 2015, thus putting an immediate end to the 29-day strike.

2018 CUPE 3903 Strike

Main article: 2018 York University strike

Units 1, 2, and 3 of CUPE Local 3903, the union represented by teaching assistants, contract faculty, and graduate assistants, began striking on Monday, 5 March 2018; several months after their previous collective agreement expired on 31 August 2017. The union's aim was to, in their words, "secure a fair collective agreement that, among other things, protected quality education and creates a less precarious working environment in Ontario's university sector." The main issues of the strike revolved around job security and the path to permanent tenured employment for contract faculty. A forced ratification vote was held between 6–9 April and was rejected by an overwhelming majority by all three units. On 13 June, a ratification vote was held for Unit 2 members, where the union executives recommended voting against the university's offer. The results of the vote were thrown out due to the fact that there were more ballots cast than signatures of eligible voters. A re-vote was held on 14 and 15 June, where Unit 2 ratified the university's offer, with 239 members voting in favour, and 122 opposed. Units 1 and 3 remained on strike until 25 July, when the newly formed 42nd Parliament of Ontario led by Premier Doug Ford passed back-to-work legislation via the Urgent Priorities Act, ending the strike after 143 days, making it the longest strike in the post-secondary sector in Canadian history.

2024 CUPE 3903 Strike

After avoiding a strike in 2021, Units 1, 2, and 3 of CUPE 3903 went on strike beginning Monday, 26 February 2024. As in previous years, the union was focused on job stability for contract faculty and wage increases for all three units.

The wage issue was twofold. In the renewal collective bargaining agreement, covering 2023 through 2026, the union hoped to win wage increases matching record inflation. In addition, the provincial government passed Bill 124 in 2019, which limited public sector raises to 1% annually. The Court of Appeal for Ontario ruled that Bill 124 violated the right of unions under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to collectively bargain, upholding a lower court's ruling. Rather than further appeal the decision to the Supreme Court, the Ford government instead decided to repeal the law in its entirety, allowing CUPE 3903 and other public sector unions in Ontario to negotiate for retroactive wage increases for the three years that Bill 124 was in effect.

On 14 April, CUPE 3903 and York University announced that they had reached a tentative agreement. The agreement was ratified by CUPE 3903's membership on 19 April, ending the strike after 53 days with the union's members returning to work on Monday, 22 April 2024.{{cite web|title=April 19th 2024 Ratification Vote Results for Units 1, 2 & 3|url=https://3903.cupe.ca/2024/04/19/april-19th-2024-ratification-vote-results-for-units-1-2-3/| date=19 April 2024|access-date=19 April 2024|website=3903.cupe.ca}}

References

Bibliography

Histories

• UPACE (1963) Master Plan for the York University Campus.
• York University (1998). York Campus Master Plan.

References

1. "York University Endowment Fund - Annual Investment Report 2023".
2. (15 June 2018). "Convocation starts for York's Class of 2018 amid record-long strike – The Star".
3. "About York University".
4. "York University {{!}} Tethys".
5. "Our Brand". York University.
6. "Organization – About". Yorku.ca.
7. "How long will the York University strike last? 'Who knows?' union says – CBC News".
8. "Province plans to end York University strike – CityNews Toronto".
9. (7 March 2018). "York university strike: Confusion on campus – Macleans.ca".
10. (5 June 2018). "Canadian university strike 'harbinger of things to come'".
11. Jeffords, Shawn. (10 July 2018). "Tories say cap-and-trade repeal, ending York strike top priorities". The Hamilton Spectator.
12. "York University Act, 1959". Yorku.ca.
13. P. Anisef, J. Lennards. "Universities in Canada".
14. (4 March 2015). "York University".
15. "York University Act, 1965". Yorku.ca.
16. Pound, Richard W.. (2005). "Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates". Fitzhenry and Whiteside.
17. Ross, Murray. ''The Way Must be Tried: Memoirs of a University Man''. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Company, 1992.
18. (30 September 1966). "YorkSpace: Item 123456789/701". Library.yorku.ca.
19. "Postage Stamp". Data4.collectionscanada.gc.ca.
20. "Profiles Online – August 2000 – Features: GUIDING PRINCIPALS". Yorku.ca.
21. (11 May 2023). "New 'bold and twisting' building consolidates School of Continuing Studies at York University".
22. (3 December 2010). "York University's Student Centre celebrates a diverse student body".
23. (25 April 2014). "UPDATE: Markham, Vaughan, Richmond Hill make York University short list".
24. "Yes to York".
25. (29 November 2017). "York University Markham Centre Campus will feature light-filled flexible space for students - York Media Relations".
26. "York University welcomes $127.3-million in Ontario government funding for Markham Centre Campus - IMPACT: THE CAMPAIGN FOR YORK UNIVERSITY".
27. (20 May 2015). "York U-Seneca campus to be built in Markham". thestar.com.
28. "Government of Ontario Ensuring Fiscal Responsibility and Accountability". Queen's Printer for Ontario.
29. "Doug Ford government cancels funding for post-secondary campus expansions in Brampton, Milton, Markham". Shaw Media.
30. (26 October 2018). "Partners behind York U Markham campus vow to continue despite lack of provincial funds". Bell Media.
31. (10 September 2024). "York University's Markham Campus welcomes new students with special appearances by Markham Mayor and University President".
32. "About Our Campuses | Future Students | York University".
33. "Welcome to Glendon Campus!".
34. "Frost Library".
35. (24 July 2020). "'Historic': $275.5M York University Markham Centre Campus announced".
36. Wong, Irene. (3 February 2023). "York University's new Markham Campus marks 'topping out' milestone with ceremony". Markham Economist & Sun.
37. Yin, David. (9 August 2025). "York University Markham marks first anniversary with 1,000 students enrolled". New Market Today.
38. Liu, Scarlett. (7 September 2024). "First cohort of students at York University Markham campus celebrate start of a new academic journey".
39. (December 6, 2023). "York University - Operations and Capital". Office of the Auditor General of Ontario.
40. "FES Proudly announces the opening of York's EcoCampus - Faculty of Environmental Studies".
41. (26 September 2014). "Doors open at new Hyderabad campus for Schulich's MBA in India program".
42. "School of Medicine | York University".
43. "School of Medicine".
44. "New medical school at York University to open in 2028".
45. (3 April 2024). "New medical school at York University to open in 2028".
46. [http://www.cupe3903.tao.ca/ CUPE Local 3903. Representing the Contract Faculty, Teaching Assistants, Graduate Assistants & Research Assistants @ York University] {{webarchive. link. (19 August 2010 . Cupe3903.tao.ca. Retrieved on 11 December 2010.)
47. "QS World University Rankings 2025".
48. (4 June 2024). "Times Higher Education 2024 Impact Ranking".
49. "2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities".
50. "U.S. News Best Global Universities 2024-25".
51. (2018). "2018-2019 RANKING BY COUNTRY". Informatics Institute of Middle East Technical University.
52. (2019). "World University Rankings By 2019". NTU Rankings.
53. "QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022".
54. "Maclean's Average Entering Grade by University 2025".
55. "York University: Acceptance Rate, Courses, Fees, Ranking, Scholarships & More".
56. (20 November 2012). "Canadian Film School Survey 2012: Report from Ontario and Manitoba – Point of View Magazine".
57. "10 great film schools for international students".
58. (15 July 2011). "Is film school for suckers? – Macleans.ca".
59. Timothy B Leduc, David Morley: Five Decades of FES at York: The Praxis of Environmental Studies. Toronto: The ABL Group 2015.
60. [http://design.yorku.ca YSDN York Sheridan Program in Design. York Master of Design] {{Webarchive. link. (11 July 2007 . Design.yorku.ca (26 November 2010). Retrieved on 2010-12-11.)
61. (12 October 2017). "York University, Sheridan College announce changes to joint design program - York Media Relations".
62. "History".
63. "Joint and Combined Programs".
64. "comb over". Yorku.ca.
65. (15 June 2013). "Art Gallery of York University". Museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca.
66. [http://ampd.yorku.ca/ School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design (AMPD)] {{Webarchive. link. (1 February 2016 . Yorku.ca. Retrieved on 1 March 2015.)
67. "York University Libraries".
68. "Scott Library".
69. "Bronfman Business Library".
70. Seneca College, [http://www.senecac.on.ca/campuses/yorklocation.html Seneca@York Campus] {{Webarchive. link. (13 October 2011 . Location map for campus.)
71. (2024). "Articulation Agreements and Programs with Seneca College". York University.
72. (2020). "Study Abroad". York University.
73. (2020). "Academic Exchange". York University.
74. Bailey, Julie. (2024-10-31). "York University Becomes Raptors' Official University Partner in Canada - NetNewsLedger".
75. "Clubs and Organizations at York".
76. "About "The Village"".
77. (25 August 2008). "Schools Guide|York University: The city within a city". Thestar.com.
78. (21 January 2019). "Staying Safe On York University's Campus {{!}} Her Campus".
79. "YU Free Press".
80. "About us". York University.
81. link. (29 March 2012 . Universitysport.ca. Retrieved on 11 December 2010.)
82. "About York University".
83. (30 July 2016). "LIONS CROWNED BACK-TO-BACK CANADIAN UNIVERSITY TENNIS CHAMPIONS".
84. Mewhirter, Travis. (16 March 2022). "Sam Schachter and Dan Dearing: Considering retirement to honeymooning".
85. "Sam Schachter - Men's Volleyball - Assistant Coach - Staff Directory".
86. "George Brown College Athletics".
87. Rebecca Green. (7 December 2013). "College Songs and Songbooks". [[Encyclopedia of Music in Canada]].
88. "Unauthorized Activities & Organizations". York University.
89. "York University, Osgoode Inn". Phi Delta Phi Canada.
90. Bandler, Aaron. (5 June 2020). "York University Announces Measures to Address Anti-Semitism on Campus". Jewish Journal.
91. McLean, Kayla. (10 June 2022). "Jewish York University students sound alarm over antisemitic graffiti found near campus {{!}} Globalnews.ca". Global News.
92. Miller, Adam. (16 September 2016). "York University fires faculty member after alleged anti-Semitic social media posts {{!}} Globalnews.ca". Global News.
93. (16 September 2016). "York University fires staffer for Facebook posts seen as anti-Semitic". Toronto Star.
94. Shefa, Sheri. (15 September 2016). "York faculty member fired for anti-Semitic Facebook posts". The Canadian Jewish News.
95. (1 March 2017). "Police investigating after York U reports swastikas, anti-Semitic statement in classroom". CBC News.
96. Brait, Ellen. (1 March 2017). "Swastikas found in York University classroom". Toronto Star.
97. Freeman, Joshua. (9 June 2022). "'Took me aback': York students concerned after graffiti off-campus encourages people to kill Jews". CP24.
98. DeClerq, Katherine. (5 July 2022). "Charges laid in hate-motivated graffiti found near York University". CTV News.
99. "Honorific Professorships {{!}} Secretariat Policies".
100. "Distinguished Research Professors". York University Vice-President Academic and Provost.
101. (19 June 2017). "Professor Dawn Bazely to receive the title of University Professor during spring convocation – YFile".
102. (3 June 2015). "Vice Dean Hornsey to receive the title of University Professor {{!}} Lassonde School of Engineering".
103. "Y-File: McMaster's Mamdouh Shoukri chosen as next president of York". Yorku.ca.
104. (28 February 2017). "York University announces that Rhonda Lenton has been appointed president and vice-chancellor – YFile".
105. "yufa.org". yufa.org.
106. Ripley, Louise. (20 March 2007). "March 1997 YUFA On the Picket Lines". YUFA.
107. Brown, Louise. (7 November 2008). "Strike brings York to standstill". The Star.
108. [http://www.3903strike.ca/ York University Strike CUPE 3903 TAs Contract Faculty GAs & RAs] {{Webarchive. link. (16 July 2016 . 3903strike.ca. Retrieved on 11 December 2010.)
109. [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-to-legislate-end-to-york-university-strike-1.779389 "Ontario to legislate end to York University strike"] {{Webarchive. link. (2 August 2021 , CBC News, 24 January 2009.)
110. "York University strike ends as CUPE 3903 votes yes to new contract".
111. "As York University strike moves into Week 3, CUPE 3903's call to resume bargaining met with 'deafening, shameful silence'". Canadian Union of Public Employees.
112. "Academic workers reject York University's ''final offer'' - CUPE 3903 to commence strike action Monday".
113. (12 June 2018). "Executive Committee Recommends Against Ratifying York's Offer for Unit 2". CUPE 3903.
114. Fox, Chris. (14 June 2018). "CUPE orders re-vote after striking contract faculty at York U. opt to accept offer". CP24.
115. (26 February 2024). "3,000 York University academic workers go on strike". [[CBC News]].
116. "Bill 124, Protecting a Sustainable Public Sector for Future Generations Act, 2019 - Legislative Assembly of Ontario".
117. Casey, Liam. (12 February 2024). "Ontario to repeal wage-cap law after Appeal Court rules Ford government's Bill 124 unconstitutional". CBC News.
118. The Canadian Press. (23 February 2024). "Ontario repeals Bill 124, wage restraint law twice found unconstitutional". CBC News.
119. (15 April 2024). "Striking York University workers reach tentative deal: union".