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Wurtzite

Zinc and iron mixed sulfide mineral: (Zn,Fe)S

Field	Value
name	Wurtzite
category	Sulfide mineral
image	Wurtzite-245570.jpg
formula
IMAsymbol	Wur
strunz	2.CB.45
dana	02.08.07.01
system	Hexagonal
class	Dihexagonal pyramidal (6mm)
H-M symbol: (6mm)
symmetry	P63mc
color	Brownish black, orange brown, reddish brown, black
habit	Radial clusters and colloform crusts and masses. Also as tabular crystals
cleavage	[110] and [0001]
fracture	Uneven – irregular
mohs	3.5–4
luster	Resinous, brilliant submetallic on crystal faces
refractive	nω = 2.356 nε = 2.378
opticalprop	Uniaxial (+)
birefringence	δ = 0.022
streak	light brown
gravity	4.09 measured, 4.10 calculated
diaphaneity	Translucent
other	Nonmagnetic, non-radioactive
references
SMILES	[ZnH2-2]1[S+2]47[ZnH-2]2[S+2][ZnH-2]3[S+2]8([ZnH2-2]SH+2[ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH-2]4[S+2][ZnH-2]5[S+2]6([ZnH2-2]6)[Zn-2]78[S+2]78ZnH-2[SH+2]5[ZnH2-2][SH+2]4[ZnH-2]7[SH+2]3[ZnH2-2][SH+2]2[ZnH-2]8[SH+2]1[ZnH2-2]9
Jmol	[ZnH2-2]1SH+2[ZnH2-2][SH+2]7[ZnH-2]2[S+2][Zn-2]3([S+2][ZnH-2]9[S+2]5)[S+2]18[Zn-2]45[S+2][ZnH-2]5[SH+2]6[Zn-2]78[S+2]78[ZnH2-2][SH+2]5[ZnH2-2][S+2]4([ZnH2-2][SH+2]9[ZnH2-2]4)[ZnH-2]7[S+2]34[ZnH2-2][SH+2]2[ZnH2-2]8

Note

the mineral

H-M symbol: (6mm) Wurtzite is a zinc and iron sulfide mineral with the chemical formula , a less frequently encountered structural polymorph form of sphalerite. The iron content is variable up to eight percent. It is trimorphous with matraite and sphalerite.

It occurs in hydrothermal deposits associated with sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, barite and marcasite. It also occurs in low-temperature clay-ironstone concretions.

It was first described in 1861 for an occurrence in the San José Mine, Oruro City, Cercado Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia, and named for French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. It has widespread distribution. In Europe it is reported from Příbram, Czech Republic; Hesse, Germany; and Liskeard, Cornwall, England. In the US it is reported from Litchfield County, Connecticut; Butte, Silver Bow County, Montana; at Frisco, Beaver County, Utah; and from the Joplin district, Jasper County, Missouri.

Structure

Wurtzite unit cell. The grey balls represent metal atoms, and yellow balls represent sulfur or selenium atoms.

The wurtzite group includes cadmoselite (CdSe), greenockite (CdS), mátraite (ZnS), and rambergite (MnS), in addition to wurtzite.

Its crystal structure is called the wurtzite crystal structure, to which it lends its name. This structure is a member of the hexagonal crystal system and consists of tetrahedrally coordinated zinc and sulfur atoms that are stacked in an ABABABABAB pattern.

The unit cell parameters of wurtzite are (-2H polytype):

a = b = 3.81 Å = 381 pm
c = 6.23 Å = 623 pm
V = 78.41 Å3
Z = 2

References

Warr, L.N.. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine.
[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/wurtzite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy]
[http://www.mindat.org/min-4318.html Wurtzite at Mindat.org]
[http://webmineral.com/data/Wurtzite.shtml Wurtzite at Webmineral]
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), ''The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana,'' Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, pp. 226-228.
[http://www.mindat.org/min-10922.html Wurtzite group on Mindat.org]
(15 August 1993). "Electronic, optical, and structural properties of some wurtzite crystals". Physical Review B.

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