Windawski Canal

History

Design and construction (1821–1831)

In 1821 Prussia introduced repressively high customs duties for transit of Polish and Lithuanian goods through its territory, practically blocking the access to the sea for Polish traders operating outside of Prussian territory.{{Cite book The idea of Polish Minister of Economy, Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, was to make the new trade route independent of the Prussian seaports of Danzig (Gdańsk) on the Vistula River and Memel (Klaipėda) on the Neman River, and link the center of the Kingdom of Poland with the Baltic seaport of Ventspils ().

The canal was designed and built in two sections, the first being the Augustów Canal, located in then the Augustów Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland, providing a direct link between the Vistula River, through the Biebrza River – a tributary of the Narew River, and the Neman River, through its tributary – the Czarna Hancza River. The final "Windawski" section of the waterway (Windawski Canal), which was to connect the Neman River, through its tributary – the Dubysa River, with the Venta River located in the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire. The canal was based on the Kartuva rivulet.

In 1822 Duke Alexander of Württemberg became the Head of Communications Department and commenced several river channel projects in western Russia.

Stanisław Kierbedź, a noted bridge engineer, built a bridge across the canal in 1830.

Interruption and decline (1831–1920)

Work on the canal was interrupted by unrest caused by the Uprising of 1831 against Russia and trade agreements with Prussia.

A battle occurred during World War I along the banks of the canal.

Rebirth and abandonment (1920 – present)

The work resumed only at the beginning of the 20th century but was interrupted again by World War I. After the war there was no purpose for the canal as Lithuania gained control over the Klaipėda Region and lower reaches of Neman River.

On 19 April 2005, the Canal was listed as engineering monument S1073 on the Republic of Lithuania's cultural heritage register.

Canal infrastructure

The canal is 15 km in length and was designed to have 20 locks.

References

References

1. Cohn, Gustav. (1895). "The Science of Finance". University of Chicago Press.
2. von Treitschke, Heinrich. (1916). "Treitschke's History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century". McBride Nast & Company.
3. "Augustów Canal – Regional Water Management Authority in Warsaw (RZGW Warsawa)".
4. (January 1855). "Russian Commerce in the Black Sea". The Bankers' Magazine.
5. "Kanał Augustowski". kanaly.info.
6. Mieczysław, Jackiewicz. (2006). "Litwa: podróż sentymentalna".
7. Mikaberidze, Alexander, "The Russian officer Corps in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars 1792–1815", Savas Beatie, New York (2005), p. 448
8. link
9. "ENGINEER STANISLOVAS Kerbedis".
10. The European War, Volume IV, July–September 1915, The New York Times Company, New York (1915), pp 1093, 1095
11. "Lietuvos Respublikos kultūros paveldo registrai". Republic of Lithuania.