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West Yorkshire

County of England

Field	Value
official_name	West Yorkshire
image_main	{{multiple image
border	infobox	perrow = 1/2
total_width	250
image1	Aspley_Basin_(edited,_cropped).jpg
image2	Piece Hall (40524583501).jpg
image3	Stones_on_Ilkley_Moor_(2438832878)_(edited).jpg
image_caption	Aspley Basin on the Broad Canal (Huddersfield), the Piece Hall (Halifax) and Ilkley Moor (near Ilkley)
locator_map	West Yorkshire UK locator map 2010.svg
map_caption	West Yorkshire within England
coordinates
region	Yorkshire and the Humber
established_date	1 April 1974
preceded_by	West Riding of Yorkshire
origin	Local Government Act 1972
lord_lieutenant_office	Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire
lord_lieutenant_name	Adeeba Malik
high_sheriff_office	High Sheriff of West Yorkshire
high_sheriff_name	Christopher John Brown
area_total_km2	2029
area_total_rank	29th
ethnicity
government	West Yorkshire Combined Authority
admin_hq	Leeds
mayor_name	Tracy Brabin (L)
mayor_office	Mayor of West Yorkshire
nuts_code	TLE4
districts_map	[[File:West Yorkshire numbered districts.svg	200px]]
districts_key	Metropolitan districts
MPs	List of MPs
police	West Yorkshire Police
website

|E11000006 (county) |E47000003 (city region)

Leeds
Wakefield
Kirklees
Calderdale
Bradford West Yorkshire is a metropolitan and ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to the north and east, South Yorkshire and Derbyshire to the south, Greater Manchester to the south-west, and Lancashire to the west. The city of Leeds is the largest settlement.

The county has an area of 2029 km2 and a population of 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest ceremonial county by population. The centre of the county is urbanised, with Leeds located in the north-east, the city of Wakefield in the south-east, Huddersfield in the south-west, and the city of Bradford in the north-west. The outer areas of the county are rural. For local government purposes the county comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, Leeds, and Wakefield, which collaborate through West Yorkshire Combined Authority. The county was created in 1974, prior to which the area was within the West Riding of Yorkshire.

The western part of West Yorkshire is in the South Pennines, and contains a small part of the Peak District National Park. It is characterised by steep valleys and is the source of the River Calder, which flows past Wakefield before meeting the Aire, which flows through Leeds, near Castleford. The landscape becomes flatter in the east, and the eastern boundary of the county is on the edge of the Vale of York.

Remnants of strong coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county, having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen in the buildings and architecture. Several railways and the M1, M621, M606, A1(M) and M62 motorways traverse the county.

Governance

Body	Headquarters
West Yorkshire Combined Authority	Leeds City Centre
West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service	Birkenshaw
West Yorkshire Joint Services	Morley
West Yorkshire Police	Wakefield
City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council	Bradford City Hall
Calderdale Council	Halifax Town Hall
Kirklees Council	Huddersfield Town Hall
Leeds City Council	Leeds Civic Hall
Wakefield Council	County Hall, Wakefield

West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986 and its five districts effectively became unitary authorities. The metropolitan county, covering an area of 2029 km2, continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.

Since 1 April 2014, West Yorkshire has been a combined authority area, with the local authorities pooling some functions over transport and regeneration as the West Yorkshire Combined Authority. The first Mayor of West Yorkshire, Tracy Brabin, was elected on 6 May 2021, following a devolution deal announced by the government in the March 2020 budget.

The conurbation of Bradford, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds and Wakefield makes up the West Yorkshire Built-up Area, which is the fourth-largest in the United Kingdom and the largest within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.

In Parliament, 13 out of 22 of West Yorkshire's MPs are Labour and 9 are Conservative. At local level, the councils are generally divided, apart from the Wakefield district, which has long been one of the safest Labour councils in the country.

Some services are provided across the county by West Yorkshire Joint Services and the West Yorkshire Police and West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service are also county-wide.

Geography

The county borders, going anticlockwise from the west: Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. The terrain of the county mostly consists of the Pennines and its foothills which dominate the west of the county and gradually descend into the Vale of York and Humberhead Levels in the east. Geologically, it lies almost entirely on rocks of carboniferous age which form the inner Southern Pennine fringes in the west and the Yorkshire coalfield further eastwards. In the extreme east of the metropolitan county there are younger deposits of Magnesian Limestone. Areas in the west such as Bradford and Calderdale are dominated by the scenery of the eastern slopes of the South Pennines, dropping from upland in the west down to the east, and dissected by many steep-sided valleys while a small part of the northern Peak District extends into the south west of Kirklees. Large-scale industry, housing, public and commercial buildings of differing heights, transport routes and open countryside conjoin. The dense network of roads, canals and railways and urban development, confined by valleys creates dramatic interplay of views between settlements and the surrounding hillsides, as shaped the first urban-rural juxtapositions of David Hockney. Where most rural the land crops up in the such rhymes and folklore as On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at, date unknown, the early 19th century novels and poems of the Brontë family often in and around Haworth and long-running light comedy-drama Last of the Summer Wine in the 20th century.

The carboniferous rocks of the Yorkshire coalfield further east have produced a rolling landscape with hills, escarpments and broad valleys in the outer fringes of the Pennines. In this landscape there is widespread evidence of both current and former industrial activity. There are numerous derelict or converted mine buildings and recently landscaped former spoil heaps. The scenery is a mixture of built up areas, industrial land with some dereliction, and farmed open country. Ribbon developments along transport routes including canal, road and rail are prominent features of the area although some remnants of the pre industrial landscape and semi-natural vegetation still survive. However, many areas are affected by urban fringe pressures creating fragmented and downgraded landscapes and ever present are urban influences from major cities, smaller industrial towns and former mining villages. In the Magnesian Limestone belt to the east of the Leeds and Wakefield areas is an elevated ridge with smoothly rolling scenery, dissected by dry valleys. Here, there is a large number of country houses and estates with parkland, estate woodlands, plantations and game coverts. The rivers Aire and Calder drain the area, flowing from west to east.

History

Wakefield's Parish Church was raised to cathedral status in 1888 and after the elevation of Wakefield to diocese, Wakefield Council immediately sought city status and this was granted in July 1888. However the Industrial Revolution, which changed West and South Yorkshire significantly, led to the growth of Leeds and Bradford, which became the area's two largest cities (Leeds being the largest in Yorkshire). Leeds was granted city status in 1893 and Bradford in 1897. The name of Leeds Town Hall reflects the fact that at its opening in 1858 Leeds was not yet a city, while Bradford renamed its Town Hall as City Hall in 1965.

Post-1974	Pre-1974	Metropolitan county	Metropolitan borough	County boroughs	Non-county boroughs
[[File:West Yorkshire County.png	400px]]
West Yorkshire is an amalgamation of 53 former local government districts, including five county boroughs and ten municipal boroughs.	Bradford	Bradford	Keighley	Baildon • Bingley • Denholme • Ilkley • Queensbury and Shelf •Silsden • Shipley	Skipton
Calderdale	Halifax	Brighouse • Todmorden	Elland • Hebden Royd • Queensbury and Shelf • Ripponden • Sowerby Bridge	Hepton
Kirklees	Huddersfield • Dewsbury	Batley • Spenborough	Colne Valley • Denby Dale • Heckmondwike • Holmfirth • Kirkburton • Meltham • Mirfield
Leeds	Leeds	Morley • Pudsey	Aireborough • Garforth • Horsforth • Otley • Rothwell	Tadcaster • Wharfedale • Wetherby
Wakefield	Wakefield	Castleford • Ossett • Pontefract	Featherstone • Hemsworth • Horbury • Knottingley • Normanton • Stanley	Hemsworth • Osgoldcross • Wakefield

West Yorkshire was formed as a metropolitan county in 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, and corresponds roughly to the core of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire and the county boroughs of Bradford, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds, and Wakefield.

West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council inherited the use of West Riding County Hall at Wakefield, opened in 1898, from the West Riding County Council in 1974. Since 1987 it has been the headquarters of Wakefield City Council.

The county initially had a two-tier structure of local government with a strategic-level county council and five districts providing most services. In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs; joint-boards covering fire, police and public transport; and to other special joint arrangements. Organisations such as the West Yorkshire Police (governed by the West Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner) continue to operate on this basis.

Although the county council was abolished, West Yorkshire continues to form a metropolitan and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire and a High Sheriff.

Green belt

West Yorkshire contains green belt interspersed throughout the county, surrounding the West Yorkshire Urban Area. It was first drawn up in the 1950s. All the county's districts contain large portions of green belt.

Parish

West Yorkshire has close ties with Lancashire in terms of history, local identity and infrastructure including with the War of the Roses and Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. Up until the 19th century, the town of Todmorden was in Lancashire but was moved into Yorkshire. In the 1974 boundary review, the towns of Earby and Barnoldswick were moved into the Pendle district of Lancashire. The civil parish of Saddleworth in Oldham was the only part of West Riding of Yorkshire to be moved into the county of Greater Manchester. The villages in the parish border the towns of Huddersfield and Holmfirth. There is a strong identity debate with Saddleworth residents who still maintain close connections with Yorkshire including the Saddleworth White Rose Society.

Local legislation

| use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = The West Yorkshire Act 1980 (c. xiv) was passed to amend existing local acts of Parliament in the West Yorkshire area, and to confer specific powers on West Yorkshire County Council, as well as the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council, Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council, Kirklees Council, Leeds City Council and Wakefield Council.

Demography

Population density in the 2011 census in West Yorkshire

District	Area km2	Population	Density
	366.42	523,100	1,346
Calderdale	363.92	200,100	545
Kirklees	408.61	401,000	975
	551.72	761,100	1,360
	338.61	321,600	949

Metropolitan borough		Seat		Other places
City of Bradford
[[File:WYorks-Bradford.png	60px]]
Calderdale
[[File:WYorks-Calderdale.png	60px]]
Kirklees
[[File:WYorks-Kirklees.png	60px]]
City of Leeds
[[File:WYorks-Leeds.png	60px]]
City of Wakefield
[[File:WYorks-Wakefield.png	50px]]

Ethnic Group	Year	1971 estimations	1981 estimations	1991 census	2001 census	2011 census	2021 census	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
White: British	–	–	–	–	–	–	1,798,413	86.5%	1,746,295	78.4%	1,693,845	72.0%
White: Irish	–	–	–	–	–	–	18,859	0.9%	14,910	0.7%	13,893	0.6%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1,660	0.1%	2,311	0.1%
White: Roma	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3,982	0.2%
White: Other	–	–	–	–	–	–	25,541	1.2%	56,953	2.6%	87,321	3.7%
Asian or Asian British: Indian	–	–	29,352		36,762		42,430	2.0%	53,152	2.4%	62,407	2.7%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani	–	–	60,803		84,978		122,210	5.9%	189,708	8.5%	250,497	10.7%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi	–	–	3,845		6,344		8,213	0.4%	15,632	0.7%	20,099	0.9%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese	–	–	2,912		3,969		5,734	0.3%	10,783	0.5%	12,516	0.5%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian	–	–	3,279		4,771		7,320	0.4%	22,272	1.0%	27,209	1.2%
Black or Black British: African	–	–	2,236		2,634		4,216	0.2%	24,685	1.1%	47,888	2.0%
Black or Black British: Caribbean	–	–	13,088		15,552		14,409	0.7%	15,581	0.7%	15,588	0.7%
Black or British:	Other Black	–	–	5,446		6,949		2,146	0.1%	6,210	0.3%	8,781	0.4%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean	–	–	–	–	–	–	11,263	0.5%	20,827	0.9%	23,573	1.0%
Mixed: White and Black African	–	–	–	–	–	–	1,842	0.1%	4,624	0.2%	7,756	0.3%
Mixed: White and Asian	–	–	–	–	–	–	8,049	0.4%	15,098	0.7%	21,014	0.9%
Mixed: Other Mixed	–	–	–	–	–	–	3,927	0.2%	7,577	0.3%	12,604	0.5%
Other: Arab	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	9,212	0.4%	11,515	0.5%
Other: Any other ethnic group	–	–					4,639	0.2%	10,879	0.5%	28,780	1.2%

Economy

Industries

Leeds has since attracted investment from financial institutions, to become a recognised financial centre, with many banks, building societies and insurance companies having offices in the city. Wakefield has also attracted many service-based industries, in particular call centres. Two of the big four supermarkets are from West Yorkshire. Morrisons is based in Bradford, while Asda is based in Leeds.

West Yorkshire grew up around several industries. Wakefield, Castleford, Pontefract and South and East Leeds were traditional coal mining areas.

;Wool Bradford, Halifax and Huddersfield grew through the development of woollen mills. Leeds' traditional industry was the manufacturing of cloth while heavier engineering industries facilitated growth in South Leeds.

The Heavy Woollen District covered towns such as Dewsbury, Batley, Morley, Ossett, Cleckheaton and Heckmondwike. The woollen and cloth industries declined throughout the twentieth century.

;Rhubarb The Rhubarb Triangle is wholly in West Yorkshire and still produces the vegetable in considerable quantities. Twelve farmers who farm within the Rhubarb Triangle applied to have the name "Yorkshire forced rhubarb" added to the list of foods and drinks that have their names legally protected by the European Commission's Protected Food Name scheme. The application was successful and the farmers in the Rhubarb Triangle were awarded Protected Designation of Origin status (PDO) in February 2010. Food protected status accesses European funding to promote the product and legal backing against other products made outside the area using the name. Other protected names include Stilton cheese, Champagne and Parma Ham.

;Coal The last pit in West Yorkshire to close was Hay Royds Colliery at Denby Dale in 2012 after a flood.

Film and television productions

Several films and television series have been filmed in West Yorkshire's historic areas, particularly around the town of Halifax. For example, portions of the BBC television series Happy Valley were filmed in Huddersfield; in addition to exteriors, some of the studio filming was done at North Light Film Studios at Brookes Mill, Huddersfield. As well, interiors for the BBC's Jamaica Inn, for the BBC's Remember Me and for ITV series Black Work, were also filmed at the studios. More recently, many of the exteriors of the BBC series Jericho were filmed at the nearby Rockingstone Quarry and some interior work was done at North Light Film Studios.

Tourism

Urban tourism include national and internationally significant sports stadiums, museums, theatre and galleries. The Royal Armouries is in Leeds, as is the Leeds Playhouse (formerly the West Yorkshire Playhouse), Opera North and The Grand Theatre. The First Direct Arena in Leeds seats around 15,000 people. Sheffield Arena is also popular, as are the Bradford Alhambra, St Georges Hall and the National Science and Media Museum in Bradford.

Leeds is the most popular shopping destination in West Yorkshire, and the wider region, with several notable retail destinations. Briggate and The Headrow are the most important shopping streets, while Trinity Leeds, Kirkgate Market (the biggest indoor market in Europe) and the White Rose Centre are regionally dominant shopping destinations. Victoria Leeds is nationally known for hosting many 'first outside of London' labels such as Harvey Nichols and Anthropologie.

Leeds is also a popular weekend destination for nightlife, with several famous bars and clubs across a variety of different districts. The city's gay village is the largest in Yorkshire.

A wide range of towns and cities are connected by rail to Leeds railway station, which is the busiest station in northern England and the main national gateway to West Yorkshire. The M62 motorway is the main east-west motorway in the county, connecting the largest towns and cities of West Yorkshire, while the M1 forms a key north-south axis from Leeds to Wakefield and beyond towards London.

Outside of the main cities, signposted walks follow rivers and the escarpment of the Pennines, which is scaled in meandering stages and tunnels by the recreational Leeds-Liverpool Canal and Rochdale Canal, navigable by barge, canoe or kayak. The Yorkshire Sculpture Park and The Hepworth in Wakefield are major national art attractions, while Haworth is visited for being the home of the Bronte Sisters. Ilkley, Otley, Hebden Bridge and Holmfirth are popular smaller towns featuring farmer's markets, breweries, tea rooms, stately homes and are popular with hikers.

Transport

Major national transport routes pass through West Yorkshire, principally the M62, M1 and the A1(M) and the county also contains the internal urban motorways in Leeds and Bradford. West Yorkshire has two mainline railway stations, Leeds and Wakefield Westgate. Leeds railway station is the only Network Rail principal station in Yorkshire and North East England, and one of only three in the North of England along with Manchester Piccadilly and Liverpool Lime Street. Other important railway stations in West Yorkshire include Bradford Interchange, Bradford Forster Square, Huddersfield, Halifax, Dewsbury, Keighley and Shipley. West Yorkshire also has Yorkshire's largest airport, Leeds Bradford Airport.

Unlike South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire has no light transit system; the Leeds Supertram was proposed but was later cancelled after the withdrawal of government funding. As of 2025, consultation and planning for a new tram proposal is ongoing. Public transport is run under the authority of West Yorkshire Metro.

In October 2021, £830 million of funding was announced for the West Yorkshire Combined Authority to develop mass transit for the region.

In 2022, the West Yorkshire Combined Authority won its bids for the Zero Emission Bus Regional Areas (ZEBRA) scheme and Bus Service Improvement Plan (BSIP) scheme, the successful ZEBRA funding will see the introduction of between 179 and 245 zero-emission electric buses with the necessary infrastructure whilst the BSIP plan will give the West Yorkshire Combined Authority £70 million out of a desired £168 million to implement the improvements outlined in the authority's BSIP.

Sport

Major football clubs in West Yorkshire include Leeds United, Huddersfield Town, and Bradford City.

Rugby league is also big in West Yorkshire. The teams who are, or have been, in the Super League are Bradford Bulls, Castleford Tigers, Halifax Panthers, Huddersfield Giants, Leeds Rhinos, and Wakefield Trinity. Other rugby league clubs in West Yorkshire include Batley Bulldogs, Dewsbury Rams, Featherstone Rovers, Hunslet Hawks and Keighley Cougars. Any combination of these teams playing against each other would be called a West Yorkshire derby even if the rivalry is not as great as other rivalries between teams in the area. The main rugby union club in the county is Yorkshire Carnegie.

Elland Road is the largest stadium in the area, hosting Leeds United. The Headingley Stadium, a stadium complex also in Leeds, consists of a cricket and a rugby ground. The cricket ground is home of the Yorkshire County Cricket Club and the rugby ground is home to Leeds Rhinos. In Huddersfield, the John Smith's Stadium is home to Huddersfield Town and Huddersfield Giants. In Bradford, Valley Parade is the home of Bradford City, whereas the Odsal Stadium is the home of the Bradford Bulls. Other stadiums include Wheldon Road (Castleford), The Shay (Halifax), Belle Vue (Wakefield), Mount Pleasant (Batley), Crown Flatt (Dewsbury), Post Office Road (Featherstone), John Charles Centre for Sport (Hunslet) and Cougar Park (Keighley).

There are two racecourses in West Yorkshire: Pontefract and Wetherby.

West Yorkshire also used to host regular speedway meetings, having the Halifax Dukes and the Bradford Dukes teams. Odsal Stadium used to host BriSCA stock cars. Leeds has a hill climb event at Harewood speed Hillclimb.

Places of interest

Historic environment

Bretton Hall
Cartwright Hall
Cliffe Hall, also known as Cliffe Castle, Keighley
East Riddlesden Hall [[File:HH icon.svg|Historic House]] [[File:NTE icon.svg]]
Esholt Hall, Esholt
Firsby Hall
Harewood House [[File:HH icon.svg|Historic House]]
Kershaw House
Keighley & Worth Valley Railway [[File:HR icon.svg|Heritage Railway]]
Kirklees Hall/Priory [[File:HH icon.svg|Historic House]]
Kirkstall Abbey [[File:AP Icon.svg|16px|Abbey]]
Roman Lagentium (Castleford)
Ledston Hall, Ledston
Linthwaite Hall, Linthwaite
Linton Hall
Lister Park, Bradford
Lotherton Hall
Middleton Railway, the world's oldest steam railway [[File:HR icon.svg|Heritage Railway]]
Nostell Priory [[File:HH icon.svg|Historic House]] [[File:NTE icon.svg]]
Oakwell Hall
Oulton Hall, Oulton
Piece Hall, Halifax
Pontefract Castle [[File:CL icon.svg|Castle]]
Pontefract Priory, Pontefract [[File:AP Icon.svg|16px|Abbey]]
Queen's Park, Castleford
Roundhay Park Leeds
Saltaire, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Sandal Castle [[File:CL icon.svg|Castle]]
Scarcroft Watermill, Scarcroft
Shelley Hall, Shelley
Shibden Hall
Shipley Glen Tramway
Tong Hall, Tong
Wetherby Castle, Wetherby [[File:CL icon.svg|Castle]]

Museums

Abbey House Museum, Leeds
Armley Mills Industrial Museum, Leeds
Bagshaw Museum, Batley
Bankfield Museum, Halifax
Bradford Industrial Museum, Eccleshill/Fagley, Bradford
Brontë Parsonage Museum, Haworth
Colne Valley Museum, Golcar, Huddersfield
Eureka, Halifax
Leeds City Museum, Leeds
National Coal Mining Museum for England Overton, Wakefield
National Media Museum, Bradford
Pennine Farm Museum, Ripponden, Halifax
Pontefract Museum
Royal Armouries Museum, Leeds
Thackray Museum, Leeds
The Hepworth Wakefield
Thwaite Mills, Leeds
Tolson Museum, Dalton, Huddersfield
Wakefield Museum, Wakefield
West Yorkshire Folk Museum, Shibden Hall, Halifax
Yorkshire Sculpture Park, West Bretton, Wakefield

Natural environment

Emley Moor, site of the tallest self-supporting structure in the UK (a TV mast)
Harewood Estate – Leeds Country Way public footpath runs through the estate, landscaped gardens and home to Red Kites amongst many other birds
Ilkley Moor, part of Rombalds Moor
New Swillington Ings Nature Reserve
Otley Chevin – extensive wooded parkland on high ground with extensive views North over Wharfedale and South as far as the Peak District
RSPB Fairburn Ings and St Aidan's – wetland centres for birds
Seckar Woods LNR, a Local Nature Reserve
Walton Hall, West Yorkshire, home of naturalist Charles Waterton and the world's first nature reserve

Waterways

Scammonden Reservoir, Deanhead Reservoir – both in the moors near Ripponden
River Aire, River Calder, River Hebble, River Spen, River Worth
Aire and Calder Navigation
Calder and Hebble Navigation
Huddersfield Broad Canal
Huddersfield Narrow Canal, Standedge Tunnel
Leeds and Liverpool Canal
Rochdale Canal

References

Sources

References

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