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Voiced postalveolar affricate
Consonantal sound
Consonantal sound
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| above | Voiced postalveolar affricate |
| ipa number | 104 135 |
| ipa symbol | dʒ |
| ipa symbol2 | ʤ |
| decimal1 | 100 |
| decimal2 | 865 |
| decimal3 | 658 |
| x-sampa | dZ |
| imagefile | IPA Unicode 0x02A4.svg |
| x-sampa = dZ
A voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "j" sound in "jump".
This sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with , , , or in some broad transcriptions . There is also a ligature , which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used. Alternatives used in the Americanist tradition are , , and .
Features
Features of a voiced postalveolar affricate:
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | аџыр | 'steel' | See Abkhaz phonology | ||||||||||
| Adyghe | джанэ | 'dress' | |||||||||||
| Albanian | xham | 'glass' | |||||||||||
| Amharic | እንጀራ | 'injera' | |||||||||||
| Arabic | Modern Standard | جَـرَس | 'bell' | ||||||||||
| Hejazi | جــيب/jēb | 'pocket' | Pronounced by some speakers. See Hejazi Arabic phonology | ||||||||||
| Armenian | Eastern | ջուր | 'water' | ||||||||||
| Western | ճանճ | 'musca (fly)' | |||||||||||
| Assyrian | ܓ̰ܝܪܐ s | 'to pee' | Used in native terminology. Used predominantly in Urmia and some Jilu dialects. is used in other varieties. | ||||||||||
| Azerbaijani | *can* | 'soul' | |||||||||||
| Bengali | জল | 'water' | Contrasts with the aspirated form. See Bengali phonology | ||||||||||
| Bulgarian | джудже | 'dwarf' | See Bulgarian phonology | ||||||||||
| Catalan | jutge | 'judge' | See Catalan phonology | ||||||||||
| Chechen | джерво / jyerwo | 'previously married woman' | |||||||||||
| Chinese | Quzhou dialect | 重 / zon | 'heavy' | ||||||||||
| Coptic | [](coptic-alphabet) | 'that' | |||||||||||
| Czech | džbán | 'jug' | See Czech phonology | ||||||||||
| Dhivehi | ޖަރާސީމު / jarásímu | 'germs' | See Dhivehi phonology | ||||||||||
| Dutch | *jeans* | [d͡ʒiːns] | 'jeans' | Some say [ʒiːns]. Occurs mainly in loanwords. | |||||||||
| English | *jeans* | [ˈd͡ʒiːnz] | 'jeans' | See English phonology | |||||||||
| Esperanto | manĝaĵo | 'food' | See Esperanto phonology | ||||||||||
| Estonian | džäss | [ˈd̥ʒæsː] | 'jazz' | Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See Estonian phonology | |||||||||
| Finnish | džonkki | [ˈdʒo̞ŋkːi] | 'junk (ship)' | Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See Finnish phonology | |||||||||
| French | adjonction | 'addition' | Rare. Also occurs in loanwords. See French phonology | ||||||||||
| Georgian | ჯიბე/jibe | 'pocket' | |||||||||||
| German | Standard | Dschungel | 'jungle' | ||||||||||
| Goemai | 'twins' | ||||||||||||
| Hebrew | Standard | ג׳וק/juk | 'cockroach' | ||||||||||
| Temani | גָּדוֹל/jaďol | 'big, great' | Yemenite Hebrew pronunciation of gimel with dageš. See Yemenite Hebrew | ||||||||||
| Hindustani | Hindi | जाना/jānā | 'to go' | ||||||||||
| Urdu | جـانا/jānā | ||||||||||||
| Hungarian | lándzsa | 'spear' | Rare, mostly in loanwords. See Hungarian phonology | ||||||||||
| Indonesian | jarak | 'distance' | |||||||||||
| Italian | gemma | 'gem' | occurs when letter 'G' is before front vowels , and , while when 'G' is in front of vowels , , and the phoneme changes to a voiced velar plosive. | ||||||||||
| Kabyle | *lǧiran* | 'the neighbors' | |||||||||||
| Kashubian | *dłudżi* | 'long' | |||||||||||
| Khortha | जओनअइर | 'maize' | |||||||||||
| Kurdish | Northern | cîger | 'lung' | ||||||||||
| Central | جــەرگ | 'liver' | |||||||||||
| Southern | |||||||||||||
| Kyrgyz | жаман / caman | 'bad' | See Kyrgyz phonology | ||||||||||
| Ladino | djudyó/גﬞודיו | 'Jew' | |||||||||||
| Latvian | dadži | 'thistles' | See Latvian phonology | ||||||||||
| Limburgish | Hasselt dialect | djèn | 'Eugene' | ||||||||||
| Lithuanian | džiaugsmingas | 'gladsome' | See Lithuanian phonology | ||||||||||
| Macedonian | џемпер/džemper | 'sweater' | See Macedonian phonology | ||||||||||
| Malay | jahat | 'evil' | |||||||||||
| Maltese | ġabra | 'collection' | |||||||||||
| Manchu | ᠵᡠᠸᡝ/juwe | 'two' | |||||||||||
| Marathi | जय/jay | 'victory' | Contrasts with the aspirated form. Allophone [dʑ] and [d̪z]. See Marathi phonology | ||||||||||
| Occitan | Languedocien | jove | 'young' | ||||||||||
| Provençal | |||||||||||||
| Odia | ଜମି/jami | 'land' | Contrasts with aspirated form.See Odia phonology | ||||||||||
| Ojibwe | *iijikiwenh* | 'brother' | See Ojibwe phonology | ||||||||||
| Pashto | جــګ/jeg | 'high' | |||||||||||
| Persian | کـجـا/koja | 'where' | See Persian phonology | ||||||||||
| Polish | Standard | liczba | 'number' | ||||||||||
| Gmina Istebna | dziwny | 'strange' | and merge into in these dialects. In standard Polish, is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal voiced retroflex affricate. | ||||||||||
| Lubawa dialect | |||||||||||||
| Malbork dialect | |||||||||||||
| Ostróda dialect | |||||||||||||
| Warmia dialect | |||||||||||||
| Portuguese | Most Brazilian dialects | grande | 'big' | ||||||||||
| Most dialects | jambalaya | 'jambalaya' | In free variation with in a few recent loanwords. See Portuguese phonology | ||||||||||
| Romanian | ger | 'frost' | See Romanian phonology | ||||||||||
| Sardinian | Campidanese | géneru | 'son-in-law' | ||||||||||
| Scottish Gaelic | Dia | 'God' | See Scottish Gaelic phonology | ||||||||||
| Serbo-Croatian | Some speakers | џем / džem | 'jam' | ||||||||||
| Bosnian | ђаво / đavo | 'devil' | Most Croatian and some Bosnian speakers merge and , either to or laminal . | ||||||||||
| Croatian | |||||||||||||
| Silesian | Dąbrowska | 2004 | p=?}} | ||||||||||
| Jablunkov | |||||||||||||
| Slovene | enačba | 'equation' | Allophone of before voiced obstruents in native words. As a phoneme present only in loanwords. See Slovene phonology | ||||||||||
| Somali | joog | 'stop' | See Somali phonology | ||||||||||
| Spanish | conllevar | 'carry' | last1=Lipski | first1=John M. | title=SPANISH YEÍSMO AND THE PALATAL RESONANTS: TOWARDS A UNIFIED ANALYSIS | journal=Probus | date=1989 | volume=1 | issue=2 | doi=10.1515/prbs.1989.1.2.211 | s2cid=170139844 | url=http://www.personal.psu.edu/jml34/yeismo.pdf}} | |
| Tagalog | diyan | 'there' | Used to pronounce the multigraphs and in native words and in loanwords outside Spanish. For more information, see Tagalog phonology. | ||||||||||
| Tamil | இஞ்சி | 'ginger' | Allophone of /t͡ʃ/ after /ɲ/ natively, also occurs elsewhere in loans but the standard form tends to make it /s, t͡ʃ/ elsewhere. See Tamil phonology. | ||||||||||
| Tatar | Mishar Dialect | *can / җан* | 'soul' | ||||||||||
| Turkish | acı | 'pain' | See Turkish phonology | ||||||||||
| Turkmen | jar | 'ravine' | |||||||||||
| Tyap | jem | 'hippopotamus' | |||||||||||
| Ubykh | amcan / | '?' | See Ubykh phonology | ||||||||||
| Ukrainian | джерело/džerelo | 'source' | See Ukrainian phonology | ||||||||||
| Uyghur | coza / جوزا | 'desk' | See Uyghur phonology | ||||||||||
| Uzbek | jahon / жаҳон | 'world' | |||||||||||
| Welsh | siop jips | 'chip shop' | Occurs as the colloquial soft mutation of . See Colloquial Welsh morphology | ||||||||||
| West Frisian | siedzje | 'to sow' | See West Frisian phonology | ||||||||||
| Yiddish | דזשוכע/juche | 'insect' | See Yiddish phonology | ||||||||||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan | *dxan* | 'god' |
Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate
Features
- Its place of articulation is postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Australian | *dream* | 'dream' | |
| General American | ||||
| Received Pronunciation |
Notes
References
- {{citation |doi-access=free
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- {{citation |author-link=Max Mangold |orig-year=First published 1962
- {{citation |doi-access=free
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References
- {{Harvcoltxt. Watson. 2002
- {{Harvcoltxt. Dum-Tragut. 2009
- {{Harvcoltxt. Shosted. Chikovani. 2006
- {{Harvcoltxt. Mangold. 2005
- {{Harvcoltxt. Rogers. d'Arcangeli. 2004
- Jerzy Treder. "Fonetyka i fonologia".
- Paudyal, Netra P.. (2025). "A Grammar of Khortha, in Brill's Studies in South and Southwest Asian Languages". [[Brill Publishing.
- {{Harvcoltxt. Peters. 2006
- {{Harvcoltxt. Dubisz. Karaś. Kolis. 1995
- {{Harvcoltxt. Barbosa. Albano. 2004
- {{Harvcoltxt. Dąbrowska. 2004
- (1989). "SPANISH YEÍSMO AND THE PALATAL RESONANTS: TOWARDS A UNIFIED ANALYSIS". Probus.
- Leitzinger, Antero: ''Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö.'' Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996. {{ISBN. 952-9752-08-3. (p. 45)
- {{Harvcoltxt. Merrill. 2008
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