Vogel plane

In mathematics, the Vogel plane is a method of parameterizing simple Lie algebras by eigenvalues α, β, γ of the Casimir operator on the symmetric square of the Lie algebra, which gives a point (α: β: γ) of P2/S3, the projective plane P2 divided out by the symmetric group S3 of permutations of coordinates. It was introduced by , and is related by some observations made by . generalized Vogel's work to higher symmetric powers.

The point of the projective plane (modulo permutations) corresponding to a simple complex Lie algebra is given by three eigenvalues α, β, γ of the Casimir operator acting on spaces A, B, C, where the symmetric square of the Lie algebra (usually) decomposes as a sum of the complex numbers and 3 irreducible spaces A, B, C.

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