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Visucius

Gallo Roman god identified with Mercury

Visucius

Gallo Roman god identified with Mercury

Map showing the distribution of inscriptions to Mercury Visucius (including a number of variants of this name).

Visucius was a Gallo-Roman god, usually identified with Mercury. He was worshipped primarily in the east of Gaul, around Trier and on the Rhine; his name is recorded on about ten dedicatory inscriptions. One such inscription has also been found in Bordeaux. Visucius is, along with Gebrinius and Cissonius, among the most common indigenous epithets of the Gaulish Mercury.

The name has sometimes been interpreted as meaning "of the ravens" or "knowledgeable"; cf. the Proto-Celtic roots *wesāko- 'raven, grebe' (cf. Old Irish disyllabic fiach, Welsh gwyach) and *witsu- 'knowing'.

The variant or mistaken spelling Visuclus is also attested.

In a Latin inscription from Rheinzabern, Germany (CIL 13, 5991) dedicated to Jupiter, Apollo, and Visucius, the name SOLI T[...] appears after Visucius, perhaps originally standing for Solitumarus, an epithet of Mercury's in an inscription (AE 2001, 1388; AE 2008, 901) found at Chateaubleau, France.

Another inscription is co-dedicated to Sancta Visucia, as well as to Mercurius Visucius. This goddess, apparently a companion or analogue of Visucius, has sometimes been likened to Rosmerta or Maia, who also accompany Mercury on many Gaulish dedications.

One inscription dedicated to Visugius has also been found at Agoncillo in Spain; this may perhaps refer to the same deity.

Comparisons

A place known as Hill of Uisneach in Ireland was said to be a very sacred place to the Dagda, and was home to one of Ireland's most important sacred trees, the Tree of Uisneach. The name means "Place of the Ash," from Uiseann, a common term for the Ash tree.

Coincidentally, it's possible Dagda is the same figure as a very uncommonly referenced figure in Irish mythology known as Esarg, which may mean that Dagda, Esarg, Visucius and Esus are all the same deity.

References

References

  1. Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl (2001). ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Paris: Editions Errance. {{ISBN. 2-87772-200-7.
  2. Mary Jones. [http://www.maryjones.us/jce/uisucius.html "Uisucius"] ''Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia,'' 2004.
  3. [http://www.bifrost.it/CELTI/2.Divinitagalliche/02-Mercurius.html#E25 MERCURIUS - L'inventore di tutte le arte] from Bifröst (in the original, ''Sapiente'').
  4. Matasovic, Ranko, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, Brill, 2008, pp. 415-416
  5. [http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/PCl-MoE.pdf Proto-Celtic—English lexicon] {{Webarchive. link. (2006-01-14 and [http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/MoE-PCl.pdf English—Proto-Celtic lexicon] {{Webarchive). link. (2011-05-14 . [[University of Wales]] Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. (See also [http://www.wales.ac.uk/newpages/EXTERNAL/E4504.asp this page] {{Webarchive). link. (2007-03-10 for background and disclaimers.))
  6. Table of results for [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/approfondissements/divinites/inventaire-div/div_liste.php?nomdiv=Visucius Visucius], [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/approfondissements/divinites/inventaire-div/div_liste.php?nomdiv=Visuclus Visuclus], and [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/approfondissements/divinites/inventaire-div/div_liste.php?nomdiv=Visugius Visugius] from L'Arbre Celtique.
  7. ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' XIII:6404, transcribed on [http://www.bifrost.it/Antologia/Epigrafia.html#MercuriusVisucius Bifröst] {{Webarchive. link. (2011-07-22 .)
  8. Schot, Roseanne (2006). "Uisneach Midi a medón Érenn: a prehistoric cult centre and royal site in Co. Westmeath". Journal of Irish Archaeology, issue 15. pp.39-46
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