Virginia Senate

History

The Senate of Virginia was created by the 1776 Constitution of Virginia, and originally consisted of twenty-four members. Along with the House of Delegates, the Senate comprised a new bicameral legislature designed to replace the colonial Virginia House of Burgesses, which formally dissolved on May 6, 1776. The Senate replaced the legislative functions of the appointed Virginia Council of State.

Pursuant to the original Virginia Constitution, the Senate was only permitted to file amendments, while the House of Delegates had the power to propose bills. Accordingly, the Senate had far less power than the House, until the revised Virginia constitution of 1851 allowed the Senate to propose new laws.

In the 2007 elections, the Democratic Party reclaimed the majority in the Senate for the first time since 1995, when the Republican Party gained a 20–20 split. The Republicans took control of the Senate for the first time in history after a January 1998 special election. The 2011 elections resulted in a 20–20 split between the parties, but as the tie breaker was Republican lieutenant governor Bill Bolling, the Republicans effectively regained control.

After the 2013 elections, Democratic state senator Ralph Northam became the lieutenant governor, but the Democrats did not regain control of the chamber until January 28, 2014, following a series of special elections including that of Northam's vacated 6th district seat. The Democratic majority would prove short-lived, however, as Senator Phil Puckett (D-38th) resigned, effective June 8, handing the GOP a majority of 20 to 19. The Republicans solidified their majority following a special election win on August 19, 2014, which increased their total number of seats to 21.

The Democratic Party regained control of Senate after the 2019 election and new members were sworn into office on January 8, 2020. As the legislative session opened, L. Louise Lucas was elected as the first female and first African American president pro tempore.

Salary and qualifications

The annual salary for senators is $18,000 per year. To qualify for office, senators must be at least 21 years of age at the time of the election, residents of the district they represent, and qualified to vote for General Assembly legislators. The regular session of the General Assembly is 60 days long during even numbered years and 30 days long during odd numbered years, unless extended by a two-thirds vote of both houses.

Composition

Historical composition

Current session

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Leadership

Committee chairs and ranking members

The Senate of Virginia has 10 Standing Committees and a Committee on Rules.

Members

District map

Coat of arms

(Latin for "May the Senate of Virginia flourish"

The Senate of Virginia has its own coat of arms designed and granted by the College of Arms in England. The coat of arms also makes up the official seal of the Virginia Senate. It bears no resemblance to the Seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia, which is the seal of the state as a whole. The shield is based on the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Virginia granted to the state in 1976 by the British College of Arms.[[File:Arms of the Virginia Company - geograph.org.uk - 1161209.jpg|thumb|100px|The coat of arms of the London Company.]]

The coat of arms adopted January 22, 1981, was designed by the College of Arms and based on the coat of arms used by the London Company, the royally-chartered English entrepreneurs who funded the European settlement of Virginia. This is not to be confused with the Seal of the London Company, for other than both devices displaying a quartered shield, there is little resemblance between them.

The Senate's arms have a shield in the center which is divided into four sections by a red cross. In each quarter are smaller shields representing the arms of four countries (England, France, Scotland, and Ireland) that contributed settlers to Virginia's early waves of European immigration.

The four coats of arms, a small crest of a crowned female head with unbound hair representing Queen Elizabeth (the Virgin Queen who named Virginia), and the dragon (part of the Elizabethan royal seal of England) represent Virginia's European heritage.

An ivory gavel emblazoned on the vertical arm of the red cross represents the Senate as a law making body. The cardinal and dogwood depicted are Virginia's official state bird and tree. The ribbon contains the Latin motto of the Senate, Floreat Senatus Virginiae, which means "May the Senate of Virginia flourish."

Past composition of the Senate

Main article: Political party strength in Virginia

Notes

References

References

1. "Constitution of Virginia, 1776".
2. "The General Assembly Adjourns (1776)". Virginia Foundation for the Humanities.
3. "House of Burgesses". Virginia Foundation for the Humanities.
4. Walker, Julian. (November 9, 2011). "Virginia Republicans claim victory in state Senate". The Virginian-Pilot.
5. Vozella, Laura. (2014-06-09). "GOP controls Va. Senate, will force budget deal". The Washington Post.
6. "Newly-Empowered Virginia Democrats Promise Action".
7. "Article - Chron".
8. "Opinion {{!}} Social issues will loom large in Virginia Senate - The Washington Post". [[The Washington Post]].
9. "History-making new Va. House speaker cites passing of 'new torch' with focus on diversity, empowerment".
10. "Virginia State Legislature". VAKids.org.
11. "Constitution of Virginia; Article IV; Section 6". Virginia Legislative Information Services.
12. "Legislative Committees". Virginia General Assembly.
13. Stewart, George. (1945). "Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States". Random House.
14. [http://legis.state.va.us/1_cap_class/just_teachers/jft_ga_unit.html Official Virginia State Senate "Capitol Classroom" site] {{webarchive. link. (2012-09-26 . Accessed November 7, 2007.)
15. [http://homeschooling.about.com/library/blvasenseal.htm Answers.Com: Virginia State Senate Seal] {{Webarchive. link. (2016-12-29 ; accessed November 7, 2007.)