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Vice President of Peru
Office of Vice President of Peru
Office of Vice President of Peru
| Field | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| post | First Vice President and | ||
| Second Vice President | |||
| body | |||
| the Republic of Peru | |||
| native_name | Primer Vicepresidente Constitucional de la República | ||
| Segundo Vicepresidente Constitucional de la República | |||
| insignia | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | Gran Sello de la República del Perú | 100x100px]] |
| insigniacaption | Great Seal of the State | ||
| flagsize | 130px | ||
| flagcaption | Flag of Peru | ||
| termlength | Five years, renewable non-consecutively | ||
| appointer | Only direct popular election | ||
| incumbent | First Vice President: | ||
| *Vacant* (latest incumbent Dina Boluarte) | |||
| Second Vice President: | |||
| *Vacant* (latest incumbent Mercedes Aráoz) | |||
| incumbentsince | [7 December 2022](2022-peruvian-self-coup-attempt) (First) | ||
| and 7 May 2020 (Second) | |||
| residence | Government Palace | ||
| formation | 1823 (Vice President) | ||
| 1862 (First Vice President and Second Vice President) | |||
| inaugural | Diego de Aliaga (1823) | ||
| Juan Antonio Pezet and Pedro Diez Canseco (1862) | |||
| succession | First and Second |
Second Vice President the Republic of Peru Segundo Vicepresidente Constitucional de la República Vacant (latest incumbent Dina Boluarte) Second Vice President: Vacant (latest incumbent Mercedes Aráoz) and 7 May 2020 (Second) 1862 (First Vice President and Second Vice President) Juan Antonio Pezet and Pedro Diez Canseco (1862) The Republic of Peru has two vice presidents, the first vice president and the second vice president, who are elected along with the president in democratic elections. Their only constitutional mission is to replace the president in case of death, permanent or temporary incapacity, resignation, being abroad without the permission of Congress, failure to return from abroad at fixed time, and/or dismissal or removal from office as allowed by the Constitution. They cannot be appointed outside of general elections.
The first and second vice presidents are first and second in the presidential line of succession. The leader of Congress, the president of the Congress, follows the first vice president and the second vice president in the line of succession.
In modern Peruvian history, two vice presidents have acceded to the presidency after the president could no longer serve, Martín Vizcarra and Dina Boluarte. Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. Dina Boluarte assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President Pedro Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was impeached and removed from the presidency.
Historically, the position was one of a sole vice president, which was in place in the years 1829–1831 and 1858–1862. The dual positions of first and second vice presidents have been in place since 1862.
The office of the first vice president is currently vacant, the most recent first vice president having been Dina Boluarte. The office of the second vice president is also currently vacant, the most recent second vice president having been Mercedes Aráoz.
History
Vice president
The position of vice president of Peru appeared for the first time in the Constitution of 1823:"ARTICLE 76: There will be a Vice President in whom the same qualities concur. He/she will administer and withhold Executive Power in event of the death, resignation, or impeachment of the President, or when the president is unable to control the armed forces." Constitution of 1823
The Constitution of 1828 and the Life Constitution of 1826 also proposed only one vice president, who had to be appointed by the president. In the Constitution of 1834, the office was disbanded until the Magna Carta of 1856, which reinstated the sole vice-presidency.
First and second vice presidents
The Constitution of 1860 established two vice-presidents, elected jointly with the president.Article 89: "There will be two Vice Presidents of the Republic, named first and second, who will be elected at the same time, with the same qualities and for the same period as the President. Constitution of 1860In the Constitution of 1867, the power of vice-presidents was eminently curtailed. However, this constitution held in place for a short period until a successful revolution of that same year restored the Constitution of 1860.
Similarly, the Constitution of 1920 abolished the positions of vice-presidents. The Constitution of 1933 failed to change this, but the office was eventually restored by the second presidency of Óscar R. Benavides, by law on 1 April 1936. In 1939, via plebiscitary consultation, a constitutional amendment was made restoring the office of vice president and second vice president.
The 1993 Constitution and the current constitution in force — put forth by President Alberto Fujimori — recognizes the double vice-presidency in the Executive Branch.
In recent history, there have been two instances where the first vice president has acceded to the presidency after the president could no longer serve. Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. Dina Boluarte assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President Pedro Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was impeached and removed from the presidency. No second vice president has recently acceded to the presidency.
Current officeholders
The office of the first vice president is currently vacant. The most recent first vice president is Dina Boluarte, who held the office until 7 December 2022 after President Pedro Castillo's self-coup d'état attempt and removal from the presidency. The office of the second vice president is also currently vacant because Castillo's second running mate, Vladimir Cerrón, was disqualified by the National Jury of Elections to run as second vice president in the 2021 election due to Cerrón having served a prison sentence for corruption since 2019.
The most recent second vice president is Mercedes Aráoz, who held the office until her resignation was accepted by Congress on 7 May 2020. Earlier, on 30 September 2019, the Peruvian Congress had been in the midst of the 2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis and named Aráoz as Acting President after having declared President Martín Vizcarra unfit for office. Given that Congress had itself been dissolved earlier that day by President Vizcarra and that Aráoz supported the Vizcarra's call for new congressional elections, she irrevocably resigned as second vice president on 1 October 2019, to leave Vizcarra as the sole claimant to the presidency. Aráoz's resignation was not accepted until 7 May 2020, by a newly elected Congress.
List of vice presidents of Peru
Sole vice president: 1820-1860
| Vice President | Term of Office | Election | President | Start of Term | End of Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Diego de Aliaga | 18 November 1823 | 10 February 1824 | Election of the Congress of the Republic (according to the Constitution of 1823, which created a single vice presidency). | |
| [[File:Msalazaryb.png | 90x90px]] | Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano | 9 June 1827 | 7 June 1829 | Direct elections | |
| [[File:Antonio Gutierrez de la Fuente 2.tif | 111x111px]] | Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente | 1 September 1829 | 16 April 1831 | Election of the Congress of the Republic (according to the Constitution of 1828, which created a single vice presidency). | |
| [[File:Juan Manuel del Mar.JPG | 99x99px]] | Juan Manuel del Mar | 24 October 1858 | 16 June 1862 | Direct elections (according to the Constitution of 1856, which established a single vice presidency). |
Dual vice presidents: 1860-1920
| Vice Presidents | Term of Office | Party | Election | President | Start of term | End of term | The Constitution of 1860 established two vice presidencies | Vice presidencies vacant from 1863 to 1868 | Vice presidencies vacant from 1879 to 1881 | Vice presidencies vacant from 1881 to 1886 | Abolition of the Vice Presidencies (1920-1936) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **1st** | [[File:General_Pezet.jpg | 102x102px]] | Juan Antonio Pezet | 24 October 1862 | 5 August 1863 | Military | Indirect elections (according to the Constitution of 1860, which established two vice presidencies). | Miguel de San Román | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Pedro_Diez_Canseco.jpg | 106x106px]] | Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho | Military | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Mariano_Herencia_Zevallos.jpg | 102x102px]] | Mariano Herencia Zevallos | 2 August 1868 | 27 July 1872 | Military | Direct elections | José Balta | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Francisco_Diez_Canseco.jpg | 96x96px]] | Francisco Diez Canseco | Military | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Manuel_Costas.jpg | 98x98px]] | Manuel Costas Arce | 2 August 1872 | 2 August 1876 | Civil Party | Direct elections | Manuel Pardo y Lavalle | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Francisco Garmendia Puértolas | Civil Party | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Luis_La_Puerta_2.jpg | 113x113px]] | Luis La Puerta | 2 August 1876 | 18 December 1879 | Civil Party | Indirect elections | Mariano Ignacio Prado | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran_Sello_de_la_República_del_Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | José Francisco Canevaro Valega | |||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Lizardo_Montero_2.jpg | 107x107px]] | Lizardo Montero | 12 March 1881 | 6 November 1881 | Military/Civilista Party | Election by the Extraordinary Congress of Chorrillos, at the request of President García Calderón. | Francisco García Calderón | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Andrés_Avelino_Cáceres.jpg | 115x115px]] | Andrés Avelino Cáceres | Military | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Remigio Morales Bermúdez (retouched).jpg | 98x98px]] | Remigio Morales Bermúdez | 3 June 1886 | 10 August 1890 | Constitutional Party | Indirect elections | Andrés Avelino Cáceres | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Aurelio_Denegri.jpg | 95x95px]] | Aurelio Denegri | Constitutional Party | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Pedro_Alejandrino_del_Solar.jpg | 115x115px]] | Pedro Alejandrino del Solar | 10 August 1890 | 1 April 1894 | Constitutional Party | Indirect elections | Remigio Morales Bermúdez | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Justiniano_Borgoño_3.jpg | 90x90px]] | Justiniano Borgoño | Constitutional Party | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Cesar_Canevaro.jpg | 110x110px]] | César Canevaro | 10 August 1894 | 20 March 1895 | Constitutional Party | Indirect elections | Andrés Avelino Cáceres | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Cesareo_Chacaltana.JPG | 93x93px]] | Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes | Constitutional Party | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Guillermo Billinghurst 3.jpg | 91x91px]] | Guillermo Billinghurst | 8 September 1895 | 8 September 1899 | Democratic Party | Indirect elections | Nicolás de Piérola | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran_Sello_de_la_República_del_Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Augusto Seminario y Váscones | Democratic Party | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:IsaacAlzamora.jpg | 86x86px]] | Isaac Alzamora | 8 September 1899 | 8 September 1903 | Civil-Democratic Alliance | Direct elections | Eduardo López de Romaña | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Federico Bresani | Civil-Democratic Alliance | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Lino_Alarco.jpg | 121x121px]] | Lino Alarco Brediñana | *Died before assuming office* | Civilista Party | Direct elections | Manuel Candamo | |||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Serapio_Calderón.jpg | 102x102px]] | Serapio Calderón | 8 September 1903 | 7 May 1904 | Civilista Party | ||||||
| **1st** | [[File:José_Salvador_Cavero.jpg | 106x106px]] | José Salvador Cavero Ovalle | 24 September 1904 | 24 September 1908 | Civilista Party | Direct election. The 2nd Vice President was not elected. | José Pardo y Barreda | ||||
| **1st** | [[File:Eugenio_Larrabure_y_Unanue.tif | 108x108px]] | Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue | 24 September 1908 | 24 September 1912 | Civilista Party | Direct elections | Augusto Leguía | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Belisario_Sosa.jpg | 102x102px]] | Belisario Sosa | Constitutional Party | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Roberto_Leguía.jpg | 96x96px]] | Roberto Leguía | 24 September 1912 | 4 February 1914 | Civilista Party (Leguiista) | Election by the Congress of the Republic. | Guillermo Billinghurst | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Miguel_Echenique.JPG | 108x108px]] | Miguel Echenique | Civilista Party (Leguiista) | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Ricardo_Bentín.jpg | 99x99px]] | Ricardo Bentín Sánchez | 18 August 1915 | 4 July 1919 | Civil-Constitutional-Liberal Alliance | Direct elections. | José Pardo y Barreda | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Meliton_Carvajal.jpg | 101x101px]] | Melitón Carvajal | Military | ||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Cesar_Canevaro.jpg | 110x110px]] | César Canevaro | 12 October 1919 | 31 October 1922 | Constitutional Party | Direct elections, ratified by Congress. | Augusto Leguía | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Agustín_de_la_Torre_González.jpg | 104x104px]] | Agustín de la Torre González | 12 October 1924 |
Dual vice presidents: 1936 onwards
| Vice Presidents | Term of Office | Party | Election | President | Start of term | End of term | Vice presidency vacant from 1992 to 1993 | Vice presidency vacant since 2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **1st** | [[File:Ernesto Montagne Markholz.jpg | 105x105px]] | Ernesto Montagne Markholz | 13 April 1936 | 8 December 1939 | Military | Elected by President Benavides, with the approval of the Constitutional Congress. | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Antonio_Rodriguez_Ramirez.jpg | 83x83px]] | Antonio Rodríguez Ramírez | Military | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Rafael_Larco_Herrera.JPG | 101x101px]] | Rafael Larco Herrera | 8 December 1939 | 28 July 1945 | Conservative Coalition | [1939 general election](1939-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Carlos_Diego_Gibson_Möller_2.jpg | 98x98px]] | Carlos D. Gibson | Conservative Coalition | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:José_Gálvez_2.jpg | 95x95px]] | José Gálvez Barrenechea | 28 July 1945 | 29 October 1948 | National Democratic Front | [1945 general election](1945-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Eduardo Ganoza y Ganoza | National Democratic Front | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Zenón_Noriega.jpg | 98x98px]] | Zenón Noriega | 29 October 1948 | 1 June 1950 | Military | Invested "de facto" after President Odría's coup d'état, as second in command of the Military Junta. | ||||
| **1st** | [[File:Héctor_Boza.jpg | 99x99px]] | Héctor Boza | 28 July 1950 | 28 July 1956 | Odriista National Union | [1950 general election](1950-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Federico_roberto_bolognesi_y_bolognesi.jpg | 100x100px]] | Federico Bolognesi Bolognesi | Odriista National Union | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Luis_Gallo_Porras.jpg | 99x99px]] | Luis Gallo Porras | 28 July 1956 | 18 July 1962 | Peruvian Democratic Movement | [1956 general election](1956-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Carlos Moreyra and Paz Soldán | Peruvian Democratic Movement | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:N._Lindley_Lopez_(cropped).jpg | 116x116px]] | Nicolás Lindley López | 18 July 1962 | 3 March 1963 | Military | Invested *de facto* in his capacity as a member of the Military Junta. | ||||
| **1st** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Pedro Vargas Prada | 3 March 1963 | 28 July 1963 | Military | Invested *de facto* in his capacity as a member of the Military Junta. | ||||
| **1st** | [[File:Vp-peru-0035a.jpg | 122x122px]] | Edgardo Seoane Corrales | 28 July 1963 | 3 October 1968 | Popular Action | [1963 general election](1963-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Mario Polar Ugarteche | Christian Democratic Party | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Edgardo_Mercado_Jarrín_(cropped).jpg | 113x113px]] | Edgardo Mercado Jarrín | 3 October 1968 | 30 August 1975 | Military | Invested *de facto* as Prime Minister and Minister of War of the Military Government. | ||||
| **1st** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Pedro Richter Prada | 30 August 1975 | 28 July 1980 | Military | Invested *de facto* in his capacity as a member of the military junta. | ||||
| **1st** | [[File:Fernando Schwalb.jpg | 95x95px]] | Fernando Schwalb | 28 July 1980 | 28 July 1985 | Popular Action | [1980 general election](1980-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Javier_Alva_Orlandini.jpg | 95x95px]] | date=26 July 2018 | title=Presidentes y vicepresidentes desde 1980 en Perú, crisis y realidades | url=https://www.elregionalpiura.com.pe/index.php/especiales/164-informes/11143-presidentes-y-vicepresidentes-desde-1980-en-peru-crisis-y-realidades}} | Popular Action | |||||
| **1st** | [[File:Busto_de_Luis_Alberto_Sánchez_en_Lima_01.jpg | 100x100px]] | Luis Alberto Sánchez | 28 July 1985 | 28 July 1990 | Peruvian Aprista Party | [1985 general election](1985-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Luis_Alva_Castro_070809-N-8704K-125_0X1WO.jpg | 85x85px]] | Luis Alva Castro | Peruvian Aprista Party | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Máximo_San_Román.png | 98x98px]] | Máximo San Román | 28 July 1990 | 5 April 1992 | Cambio 90 | [1990 general election](1990-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Carlos García y García | Cambio 90 | |||||||
| **—** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | Jaime Yoshiyama | 12 January 1993 | 28 July 1995 | Cambio 90 | Appointed by the Constitutional Law of January 1993. | ||||
| **1st** | [[File:Ricardo Márquez Flores 1.1 (cropped).jpg | 90x90px]] | Ricardo Márquez Flores | 28 July 1995 | 28 July 2000 | Cambio 90 | [1995 general election](1995-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg | 75x75px]] | César Paredes Canto | New Majority | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Francisco_Tudela_2015.jpg | 114x114px]] | Francisco Tudela | 28 July 2000 | 22 November 2000 | Perú 2000 | [2000 general election](2000-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Ricardo_Márquez_Flores_1.1_(cropped).jpg | 91x91px]] | Ricardo Márquez Flores | Perú 2000 | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Raúl_Diez_Canseco_Terry.jpg | 100x100px]] | Raúl Diez Canseco | 28 July 2001 | 14 December 2004 | Perú Posible | [2001 general election](2001-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:David_Waisman_(cropped).jpg | 97x97px]] | David Waisman | 28 July 2006 | Perú Posible | ||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Sesión_del_Pleno_05052011_-_Luis_Giampietri_(cropped).jpg | 101x101px]] | Luis Giampietri | 28 July 2006 | 28 July 2011 | Peruvian Aprista Party | [2006 general election](2006-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Lourdes_Mendoza_del_Solar_2010.jpg | 102x102px]] | Lourdes Mendoza del Solar | Peruvian Aprista Party | |||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Marisol_Espinoza_2.jpg | 101x101px]] | Marisol Espinoza | 28 July 2011 | 28 July 2016 | Peruvian Nationalist Party | [2011 general election](2011-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Omar_Chehade_(cropped).jpg | 117x117px]] | Omar Chehade | 31 January 2012 | Peruvian Nationalist Party | ||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Martin_Vizcarra_en_2018.jpg | 91x91px]] | Martín Vizcarra | 28 July 2016 | 23 March 2018 | Peruvians for Change | [2016 general election](2016-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Mercedes_Araoz.jpg | 98x98px]] | Mercedes Aráoz | 7 May 2020 | Peruvians for Change(2018–2020)Independent(2018–2020) | ||||||
| Martín Vizcarra | |||||||||||
| **1st** | [[File:Dina_Boluarte_October_2022_(cropped).jpg | 96x96px]] | Dina Boluarte | 28 July 2021 | 7 December 2022 | Free Peru(2021–2022)Independent(Jan–Dec 2022) | [2021 general election](2021-peruvian-general-election) | ||||
| **2nd** | [[File:Vladimir Cerrón (cropped).JPG | 103x103px]] | Vladimir Cerrón | *Did not take office* | Free Peru |
Timeline
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bar:Aliaga from: 18/11/1823 till: 10/02/1824 color:Military text:"Diego de Aliaga y Santa Cruz" bar:Salazar from: 09/06/1827 till: 07/06/1829 color:Military text:"Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano" bar:Fuente from: 01/09/1829 till: 16/04/1831 color:Military text:"Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente" bar:Mar from: 24/10/1858 till: 16/06/1862 color:Military text:"Juan Manuel del Mar" bar:Pezet from: 24/10/1862 till: 05/08/1863 color:Military text:"Juan Antonio Pezet" bar:PDCC from: 24/10/1862 till: 05/08/1863 color:Military text:"Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho" bar:Herencia from: 02/08/1868 till: 27/07/1872 color:Military text:"Mariano Herencia-Zevallos" bar:Diez-Canseco from: 02/08/1868 till: 27/07/1872 color:Military text:"Francisco Diez-Canseco Corbacho" bar:Costas from: 02/08/1872 till: 02/08/1876 color:Civilista text:"Manuel Costas Arce" bar:Garmendia from: 02/08/1872 till: 02/08/1876 color:Civilista text:"Francisco Garmendia Puértolas" bar:Puerta from: 02/08/1876 till: 18/12/1879 color:Civilista text:"Luis La Puerta" bar:JFCV from: 02/08/1876 till: 18/12/1879 color:Independent text:"José Francisco Canevaro Valega" bar:Montero from: 12/03/1881 till: 06/11/1881 color:Military text:"Lizardo Montero" bar:Avelino from: 12/03/1881 till: 06/11/1881 color:Military text:"Andrés Avelino Cáceres" bar:Morales from: 03/06/1886 till: 10/08/1890 color:Constitutional text:"Remigio Morales Bermúdez" bar:Denegri from: 03/06/1886 till: 10/08/1890 color:Constitutional text:"Aurelio Denegri" bar:Alejandrino from: 10/08/1890 till: 01/04/1894 color:Constitutional text:"Pedro Alejandrino del Solar" bar:Borgono from: 10/08/1890 till: 01/04/1894 color:Constitutional text:"Justiniano Borgoño" bar:Canevaro from: 10/08/1894 till: 20/03/1895 color:Constitutional from: 12/10/1919 till: 31/10/1922 color:Constitutional text:"César Canevaro" bar:Chacaltana from: 10/08/1894 till: 20/03/1895 color:Constitutional text:"Cesáreo Chacaltana" bar:Billinghurst from: 08/09/1895 till: 08/09/1899 color:Democratic text:"Guillermo Billinghurst" bar:Seminario from: 08/09/1895 till: 08/09/1899 color:Democratic text:"Augusto Seminario y Váscones" bar:Alzamora from: 08/09/1899 till: 08/09/1903 color:Civilista text:"Isaac Alzamora" bar:Bresani from: 08/09/1899 till: 08/09/1903 color:Civilista text:"Federico Bresani" bar:Calderon from: 08/09/1903 till: 07/05/1904 color:Civilista text:"Serapio Calderón" bar:JSCO from: 24/09/1904 till: 24/09/1908 color:Civilista text:"José Salvador Cavero Ovalle" bar:Larrabure from: 24/09/1908 till: 24/09/1912 color:Civilista text:"Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue" bar:Sosa from: 24/09/1908 till: 24/09/1912 color:Constitutional text:"Belisario Sosa" bar:Leguia from: 24/09/1912 till: 04/02/1914 color:Civilista text:"Roberto Leguía" bar:Echenique from: 24/09/1912 till: 04/02/1914 color:Civilista text:"Miguel Echenique" bar:Bentin from: 18/08/1915 till: 04/07/1919 color:Civilista text:"Ricardo Bentín Sánchez" bar:Carvajal from: 18/08/1915 till: 04/07/1919 color:Military text:"Melitón Carvajal" bar:delaTorre from: 12/10/1919 till: 12/10/1924 color:Independent text:"Agustín de la Torre González" bar:Montagne from: 13/04/1936 till: 08/12/1939 color:Military text:"Ernesto Montagne Markholz" bar:Rodriguez from: 13/04/1936 till: 08/12/1939 color:Military text:"Antonio Rodríguez Ramírez" bar:Larco from: 08/12/1939 till: 28/07/1945 color:PDM text:"Rafael Larco Herrera" bar:Gibson from: 08/12/1939 till: 28/07/1945 color:PDM text:"Carlos Gibson" bar:Barrenechea from: 28/07/1945 till: 29/10/1948 color:NDF text:"José Gálvez Barrenechea" bar:Ganoza from: 28/07/1945 till: 29/10/1948 color:NDF text:"Eduardo Ganoza y Ganoza" bar:Noriega from: 29/10/1948 till: 01/06/1950 color:Military text:"Zenón Noriega" bar:Boza from: 28/07/1950 till: 28/07/1956 color:ONU text:"Héctor Boza" bar:Bolognesi from: 28/07/1950 till: 28/07/1956 color:ONU text:"Federico Bolognesi Bolognesi" bar:Gallo from: 28/07/1956 till: 18/07/1962 color:PDM text:"Luis Gallo Porras" bar:Moreyra from: 28/07/1956 till: 18/07/1962 color:PDM text:"Carlos Moreyra and Paz Soldán" bar:Lindley from: 18/07/1962 till: 03/03/1963 color:Military text:"Nicolás Lindley López" bar:Vargras from: 03/03/1963 till: 28/07/1963 color:Military text:"Pedro Vargas Prada" bar:Seoane from: 28/07/1963 till: 03/10/1968 color:AP text:"Edgardo Seoane Corrales" bar:Polar from: 28/07/1963 till: 03/10/1968 color:CDP text:"Mario Polar Ugarteche" bar:Mercado from: 03/10/1968 till: 30/08/1975 color:Military text:"Edgardo Mercado Jarrín" bar:Richter from: 30/08/1975 till: 28/07/1980 color:Military text:"Pedro Richter Prada" bar:Schwalb from: 28/07/1980 till: 28/07/1985 color:AP text:"Fernando Schwalb" bar:AlvaOrlandini from: 28/07/1980 till: 28/07/1985 color:AP text:"Javier Alva Orlandini" bar:Alberto from: 28/07/1985 till: 28/07/1990 color:APRA text:"Luis Alberto Sánchez" bar:AlvaCastro from: 28/07/1985 till: 28/07/1990 color:APRA text:"Luis Alva Castro" bar:San from: 28/07/1990 till: 05/04/1992 color:Fujimorismo text:"Máximo San Román" bar:Garcia from: 28/07/1990 till: 05/04/1992 color:Fujimorismo text:"Carlos García y García" bar:Yoshiyama from: 12/01/1993 till: 28/07/1995 color:Fujimorismo text:"Jaime Yoshiyama" bar:Marquez from: 28/07/1995 till: 22/11/2000 color:Fujimorismo text:"Ricardo Márquez Flores" bar:Paredes from: 28/07/1995 till: 28/07/2000 color:Fujimorismo text:"César Paredes Canto" bar:Tudela from: 28/07/2000 till: 22/11/2000 color:Fujimorismo text:"Francisco Tudela" bar:Canseco from: 28/07/2001 till: 14/12/2004 color:PP text:"Raúl Diez Canseco Terry" bar:Waisman from: 28/07/2001 till: 28/07/2006 color:PP text:"David Waisman" bar:Giampiertri from: 28/07/2006 till: 28/07/2011 color:APRA text:"Luis Giampietri" bar:Mendoza from: 28/07/2006 till: 28/07/2011 color:APRA text:"Lourdes Mendoza del Solar" bar:Espinoza from: 28/07/2011 till: 28/07/2016 color:PNP text:"Marisol Espinoza" bar:Chehade from: 28/07/2011 till: 31/01/2012 color:PNP text:"Omar Chehade" bar:Vizcarra from: 28/07/2016 till: 23/03/2018 color:PPK text:"Martín Vizcarra" bar:Araoz from: 28/07/2016 till: 23/03/2018 color:PPK from: 23/03/2018 till: 07/05/2020 color:Independent text:"Mercedes Aráoz" bar:Boluarte from: 28/07/2021 till: 23/01/2022 color:PL from: 23/01/2022 till: 07/12/2022 color:Independent text:"Dina Boluarte"
References
- Artículo 111°, [http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/congreso/Constitución-Pol%C3%ADtica-08-09-09.doc ''Constitución Política Del Perú.''] ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''
- Artículos 113°, 114°, y 115°, [http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/congreso/Constitución-Pol%C3%ADtica-08-09-09.doc ''Constitución Política Del Perú.''] ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''
- Artículo 115°, [http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/congreso/Constitución-Pol%C3%ADtica-08-09-09.doc ''Constitución Política Del Perú.''] ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''
- Abog. Freddy Ronald Centurión González. "LA INSTITUCIÓN DE LA VICEPRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN PERUANA".
- "Pedro Castillo: Habrá minería "donde la naturaleza y la población la permitan"".
- "JNE declara improcedente candidatura Vladimir Cerrón".
- [https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49890459 "Disolución del Congreso en Perú: quién es Mercedes Aráoz, que renunció tras ser nombrada 'presidenta en funciones' por el Parlamento peruano para sustituir a Vizcarra"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''
- [https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49887706 Disolución del Congreso en Perú: 4 claves para entender el enfrentamiento entre Vizcarra y el Parlamento (y lo que puede pasar ahora)"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''
- [https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49902081 Disolución del Congreso de Perú: las dudas sobre la legalidad de la decisión de Vizcarra de disolver la cámara y sobre la suspensión temporal del presidente"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''
- [https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49902304 Disolución del Congreso en Perú: renuncia Mercedes Aráoz, nombrada "presidenta en funciones" por el Parlamento en sustitución de Vizcarra"], ''[[BBC Mundo]]'', 2 October 2019. ''(Retrieved 6 October 2019.)''
- Aráoz, Mercedes. (2 October 2019). "He decidido renunciar irrevocablemente al cargo de Vicepresidenta Constitucional de la República. Las razones las explico en la carta adjunta. Espero que mi renuncia conduzca a la convocatoria de elecciones generales en el más breve plazo por el bien del país. https://t.co/c4tz4tnzMw".
- (7 May 2020). "Congreso acepta renuncia de Mercedes Aráoz a la segunda vicepresidencia de la República NNDC | PERU".
- (26 July 2018). "Presidentes y vicepresidentes desde 1980 en Perú, crisis y realidades".
- (21 June 2021). "The "Shadowy Figure" Behind Peru's Likely Next President". Americas Quarterly.
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