Ulugqat County

Wuqia County as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Kyrgyz as Uluqqat County, is a county in the far Western Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Kyrgyzstan's Osh Region to the west and Naryn Region to the north. It contains an area of 18758 km2. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 40,000.

Name

乌恰，是柯尔克孜语"乌鲁克恰提"的简称，意为大山沟分岔口。因克孜勒河谷在该地分岔成三道沟而得名。

Th name Ulugqat is from the Kyrgyz language and meansbranch valleys (山沟分岔口). The name "Wuqia" is Mandarin Chinese for an abbreviated form of the name "Wulukeqiati" ({{linktext|乌鲁克恰提}}), based on the sound of the Kyrgyz name "Ulugqat". It is named after that the Kizilsu Valley divides into two separate branch valleys in the area and the place presents the shape of the three mountain valleys.

History

乌恰县汉时属疏勒都督府管辖。公元六世纪中叶属突厥汗国统治。公元八世纪中期属回讫汗国。公元九世纪四十年代，属柯尔克孜汗国。公元十六世纪初，属叶尔羌汗国。清代属喀什噶尔道疏附县，1913年设乌鲁克恰提分县，分县治乌鲁克恰提。1929年改为乌鲁克恰提设治局。1938年置乌恰县，县城由乌鲁克恰提搬迁到黑孜苇，属喀什行政区。1954年乌恰县划入新成立的克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州。1985年8月23日乌恰县发生7.4级强烈地震，县城被毁。后又在东北6千米的博鲁什地方重建新县城。1989年10月17日举行了新城落成典礼。

The county of Wuqia was part of Shule Commandery (疏勒都督府) in the Han period. It was in the territory of First Turkic Khaganate and Yarkent Khanate in the 16th century.

It was part of Shufu County in the Qing period. The Ulugqat Branch(乌鲁克恰提分县) was formed from Shufu County in 1913 and the town of Ulugqat was its seat, Ulugqat Branch was changed to Ulugqat Division(乌鲁克恰提设治局) in 1929 and the county of Wuqia was established in 1938 and under administration of Kashgar Administrative Region. The county was amalgamated to Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture with its establishment in 1954.

A magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurred in Wuqia County on August 23, 1985, and its county seat was destroyed. Later, the new county seat was rebuilt in Borux (博鲁什), 6 km away to the northeast of the former seat. The inauguration ceremony of the new seat was held on October 17, 1989.

On October 5, 2008, a 6.8 magnitude earthquake collapsed 721 houses; there were no casualties. 100 residents were relocated to emergency shelters; another 100 were to live in newly-built homes.

Demographics

Geography

乌恰县地处北纬39°24′- 40°17′、东经73°40′- 75°45′之间，位于新疆西部，帕米尔北部，塔里木盆地西端，天山南麓与昆仑山两大山系接合部。东与阿图什市、疏附县毗邻，南与阿克陶县接壤，西北与吉尔吉斯斯坦交界，国境线长410公里。该县处温带干旱气候区。全县总面积19,118平方公里，有各类草场10,667平方公里，优良草场60%。乌恰县境内同时拥有两个国家一级口岸，即伊尔克什坦口岸和吐尔尕特口岸，309省道把两个口岸与吉尔吉斯斯坦相连，是中国与中亚各国进出口贸易的捷径通道。

截至2013年，已探明铅锌储量600万吨、天然气储量409亿方、铜储量60万吨、煤储量1275万吨、金储量130吨、铁储量700万吨、石灰石、石膏储量1亿吨、水能资源100万千瓦。2014年7月，乌恰县发现百吨级超大型金矿。

动物资源：乌恰县野生动物资源有雪豹、棕熊、鹅喉羚、野猪、旱獭、雪鸡、石鸡等。野生药用植物资源有紫草、甘草、阿魏、麻黄、车前草、党参、当归、蒲公英、黄芪、锁阳、茯苓等。

水资源：乌恰县境内有克孜河和恰克玛克河两大水系，地表水资源量9.6亿立方米。

矿产资源：乌恰县已发现的矿产资源有煤、石油、油页岩、铁、铜、铅、锌、锶、金、磷、盐、硫磺、石灰石、石膏、陶瓷土等。其中煤的储量占全州煤炭储量的一半以上。

Wuqia County is located between 39°24′- 40°17′ north latitude and 73°40′- 75°45′ east longitude. It is located in the west of Xinjiang, north of Pamir Plateau, west of Tarim Basin, and two major mountain ranges of southern Tianshan and Kunlun junction. It is adjacent to Artux City in the east, Kashgar City in the south and Akto County in the southwest, it is bordered by the Kyrgyz Republic on the northwest with a boundary line of 410 kilometers. The county is in a temperate arid climate zone, the total area of the county is 19,118 square kilometers, with 10,667 square kilometers of various grasslands, of which 60% of excellent grasslands. There are two national first-level ports of Turugart and the Arkaxtam. The 309 provincial road connects the two ports with Kyrgyzstan, which is a shortcut for import and export trade between China and Central Asian countries.

The county has a dry climate and is prone to earthquakes, floods, snow storms, sandstorms and other frequent natural disasters. From 1905 to the present, there have been 56 recorded earthquakes with a major earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or above, and more than 20,000 earthquakes of magnitude below 6.0 .

Wuqia County has two major rivers, the Kizi River (克孜河) and the Qakmark River (恰克玛克河), with a surface water resource of 960 million cubic meters.

Terrain

乌恰县地势东南低，西北、西南高，群山环绕，属典型山地地形，海拔高度1,760 - 6,146米，平面呈马蹄形。该县位于喀什三角洲以西地段的楔型地带，为中、新生界褶皱山地。地貌以侵蚀断块山地出现。山地面积占乌恰县总面积的76%，14,535平方公里。县三面高山环绕，东南部为喀什三角平原。

The terrain of Wuqia County is low in the southeast, high in the northwest and southwest, surrounded by mountains. It is a typical mountainous terrain with an altitude of 1,760 - 6,146 meters and a horseshoe shape. The county is located in the wedge-shaped zone in the west of the Kashgar Delta (喀什三角洲), which is a fold mountains of the Miocene. The landform appears in the mountains of erosion. The mountain area accounts for 76% of the total area of Wuqia County, 14,535 square kilometers. The county is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the southeast is the Kashgar Delta plain.

Fauna and flora

Wild animals in Wuqia County include the snow leopard, brown bear, goitered gazelle, wild boar, marmot, snow chicken, and chukar partridge.

Wild medicinal plants include symphytum, liquorice, ferula sinkiangensis, ephedra sinica, plantago, codonopsis, angelica, dandelion, astragalus, cynomorium, and wolfiporia extensa.

Mineral resources

The mineral resources discovered in Wuqia County include coal, fossil oil, oil shale, iron, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, gold, phosphorus, salt, sulfur, limestone, gypsum, ceramic soil and so on. Among them, coal reserves account for more than half of Kizilsu's coal reserves.

As of 2013, proven lead and zinc reserves of six million tons, natural gas reserves of 40.9 billion cubic meters, copper reserves of 600,000 tons, coal 12.75 million tons, gold 130 tons, iron seven million tons, limestone and gypsum reserves of 100 million tons, water energy resources one million kilowatts. In July 2014, a 100-ton super-large gold mine was discovered in the county.

Climate

|Jan record high C = 13.4 |Jan record low C = -28.1 |Feb record high C = 18.1 |Feb record low C = -26.4 |Mar record high C = 23.6 |Mar record low C = -20.1 |Apr record high C = 27.4 |Apr record low C = -11.6 |May record high C = 30.6 |May record low C = -3.4 |Jun record high C = 33.4 |Jun record low C = 3.8 |Jul record high C = 34.6 |Jul record low C = 6.3 |Aug record high C = 35.7 |Aug record low C = 4.2 |Sep record high C = 29.7 |Sep record low C = -0.8 |Oct record high C = 23.8 |Oct record low C = -8.6 |Nov record high C = 19.7 |Nov record low C = -20.0 |Dec record high C = 14.4 |Dec record low C = -29.2

Subdivision

The county was divided into three towns and eight townships, and a pasture farm run by the XPCC.

• Other:
  • Toyun Ranch (兵团托云牧场, , )

Tourism

乌恰县地处天山、昆仑山两山交汇处的帕米尔高原上，自然地貌景观独特、边境民族风情浓郁，具有独特的民俗风情、地质地貌。境内有中国大陆日落最晚的地方—斯姆哈纳，有昆仑山和天山交汇大峡谷的雄壮地貌，有闻名遐迩的玉其塔什草原、红山谷、泉华、尚亥森林牧场、吾合沙鲁乡千年胡杨林、古海遗址贝壳山、抗震纪念碑等旅游景区。帕米尔是高原草原文化的发祥地之一。毗邻的吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国主体民族与柯尔克孜民族同宗同族，形成了乌恰县向中亚开放独特、深厚的人文资源优势。

Wucai County is located in Tianshan, Kunlun Mountains at the intersection of the Pamir Plateau, the natural landscape is unique, the border ethnic customs rich, with a unique folk customs, geological features. There are the last place in mainland China sunset - Simhana (斯姆哈纳), there is Tianshan and Kunlun intersection of the Grand Canyon's majestic landscape, there are well-known Yuqitash Steppe (玉其塔什草原), Hongshan Valley (红山谷), Quanhua (泉华), Shanghai Forest Ranch (尚亥森林牧场), Oksalur Township Millennium populus euphratica forest (吾合沙鲁乡千年胡杨林), shell mountain of ancient sea ruins (古海遗址贝壳山), earthquake-resistant monument (抗震纪念碑) and other tourist attractions. Pamir is one of the birthplaces of highland culture. The main ethnic group of the neighboring Kyrgyz Republic and the Chinese Kyrgyz have formed the unique and profound advantage of human resources open to Central Asia in Wucai County.

Notable people

• Ishaq Beg Munonov

Notes

References

References

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