Transylvanian Hound

History

It is claimed the Transylvanian Hound descends from hounds brought by the Magyars when they crossed the Carpathian Mountains in the ninth century and bred with those already found in the area, with the resultant progeny becoming the foundation stock for the breed. In the Middle Ages the dog was the favourite of the Hungarian aristocracy for hunting various game animals. Two height varieties developed to hunt different game in different types of terrain, and both varieties were kept together. [[File:Hungarian Hound. Transylvanian Scenthound. Farkas Gábor fővadász (1852-1917) kopóval, Hajdúhadház.jpg|thumb|Hungarian Hound – Transylvanian Scenthound. Farkas Gábor (1852-1917), [[Hajdúhadház]]]]

The tall variety was used for hunting woodland and grassland big game, such as European bison, Eurasian brown bear, boar, and lynx. The short variety was used for hunting fox, hare, and chamois in overgrown or rocky terrain. The breed declined and was marginalised to the Carpathian woodlands, shrinking with the growth of agriculture and forestry, and by the beginning of the twentieth century it was nearly extinct. It was almost wiped out during the Second World War and in 1947, after Transylvania again became fully part of Romania. The Romanian government exterminated those that had survived in order to remove the reminder of Transylvania being formerly Hungarian.

In 1886 the first official registration of the breed began with the "Hungarian Hunting Dog Pedigree" (Magyar Vadászeb Törzskönyv). In 1941 the breed was registered as a Hungarian Hound by the Hungarian National Vizsla Club/Hound Division (Magyar Országos Vizsla Klub/Kopó szakosztály) and recovery of the breed started with 27 individuals; the Second World War put an end to this. A further recovery operation began in the 1960s.

The breed was recognised and standardised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1963, with definitive acceptance on 30 March in that year. In 1968 further efforts began to recover it. In the twenty-first century, substantial numbers of the tall variety of the dogs may be found in both Hungary and Romania.

The Transylvanian Hound is, naturally, recognised by the national dog breeding and fancier group, the Hungarian Kennel Club (using the FCI breed standard).

Description

There are two size variants of the Transylvanian Hound, although the FCI breed standard only describes the long-legged variety. The short-legged variety typically stands between 18 and and the long-legged variety between 22 and. The short-legged variety typically weighs between 22 and, the long-legged variety some 30 –. It has a typical scent hound head, long but not pointed and free from wrinkles; the ears are medium-sized and pendent, wide in the middle and tapering to a rounded tip. The body is relatively long but square, the chest broad and long but not overly deep; the low-set tail is kept undocked, and when hunting is typically carried curled at the level of the back. The coat is short, straight and close fitting, slightly longer in the long-legged variety than in the short. The short-legged variety is usually dark red and tan or dark red and tan tricolour (dark red, tan and white) in colour, while the long-legged variety is usually black and tan or black and tan tricolour (black, tan and white).

The continental climate of its native land, with its hot summers and cold winters with heavy snow falls, has resulted in a breed with great stamina as well as a very keen and reliable scenting ability.

The Transylvanian Hound is usually obedient, good natured, tolerant of children and easy to train; as a pack hound it is very friendly with other dogs. It is described as being reserved, slightly suspicious and introspective in character; when hunting it shows courage and a good sense of orientation.

Notes

References

References

1. Some survived in Hungary and [[Slovakia]], where breeders are working to revive the breed.Tőkés Lóránt, Pelczéder Tibor: Az Erdélyi kopó történelméhez, in. Az erdélyi kopóról, 21. oldal, Budapest, 2021
2. Vadász és Versenylap, Budapest, 1879
3. Dr. Tóth Zoltán: Az erdélyi kopó in. Hunor vadászkönyv 185
4. (2013). "Erdélyi Kopó". Magyar Ebtenyésztők Országos Egyesülete [Hungarian Kennel Club].
5. Alderton, David. (2000). "Hounds of the world". Swan Hill Press.
6. Alderton, David. (2008). "The encyclopedia of dogs". Parragon Books Ltd.
7. . (13 September 2000). ["FCI-Standard N° 241: Erdélyi Kopó – Hungarian Hound – Transylvanian Scent Hound"](http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/241g06-en.pdf).
8. . ["FCI breeds nomenclature: Erdélyi Kopó (241)"](http://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/HUNGARIAN-HOUND-TRANSYLVANIAN-SCENT-HOUND-241.html).
9. Fiorone, Fiorenzo. (1973). "The encyclopedia of dogs: the canine breeds". Thomas Y. Cromwell Company.
10. Fogle, Bruce. (2009). "The encyclopedia of the dog". DK Publishing.
11. Hancock, David. (2014). "Hounds: hunting by scent". The Crowood Press Ltd.
12. Morris, Desmond. (2001). "Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds". [[Trafalgar Square Publishing]].