Transverse ligament of knee

Function

When the knee is being extended the ligament prevents the anterior horns of the menisci from moving forward, and the condylar surfaces of the femur and tibia from exerting pressure on the menisci. It has a restricting effect on anterior-posterior excursion of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus at lower degrees of knee flexion.

Prevalence of meniscomeniscal ligaments

The transverse ligament is reported in 58 per cent of subjects and is thus the most prevalent of four described meniscomeniscal ligaments. The other ligaments, all three of which are reported with a frequency of less than 4 per cent, are the posterior transverse ligament, described as a bundle of fibers connecting the posterior horns of the menisci; and the medial and lateral oblique ligaments, both of which originate on the anterior horn of their namesake meniscus, passes between the cruciate ligaments, and attaches to the posterior horn of the opposite meniscus. None of the oblique ligaments have a known function.

Formation

The formation of the transverse ligament has been investigated in human embryos aged 7–8 weeks (stages 18–23). At the early end of the range (stage 19), condensation of the mesenchymal interzone of the knee joint (i.e. the area of densely packed cells indicating the location of the future joint) was recognizable, and near the end of the range (stage 22) clearly visible cellular primordium of the ligament connected to both menisci was observed before all major intraarticular elements were finally evident (stage 23).

Notes

Additional images

File:Slide2CAC.JPG|Anterior view of knee. File:Slide1besa.JPG|Knee and tibiofibular joint.Deep dissection. Anterior view. File:Slide1dada.JPG|Knee joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

References

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References

1. Platzer (2004), p 208
2. Behnke (2006), p 197
3. Muhle ''et al.'' (1999)
4. Sanders ''et al.'' (1999)
5. Ratajczak (2001), pp 323-31