Transverse cervical artery

Structure

It passes transversely below the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle to the anterior margin of the trapezius, beneath which it divides into a superficial and a deep branch.

It crosses in front of the phrenic nerve and the scalene muscles, and in front of or between the divisions of the brachial plexus, and is covered by the platysma and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and crossed by the omohyoid and trapezius.

The transverse cervical artery originates from the thyrocervical trunk, it passes through the posterior triangle of the neck to the anterior border of the levator scapulae muscle, where it divides into deep and superficial branches.

• Superficial branch
  • Ascending branch
  • Descending branch (also known as superficial cervical artery, which supplies the middle and lateral portions of the trapezius)
• Deep branch (also called the dorsal scapular artery). Descending branch in older literature. Most often, however, this artery branches directly from the subclavian artery.

Function

Superficial branch

Upon entering the trapezius muscle, the superficial branch divides again into an ascending and descending branch. The ascending branch distributes branches to trapezius, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomoses with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. The descending branch which is also called as superficial cervical artery, anastomoses with the deep and dorsal scapular artery which in turn links to the subscapular artery. This anastomosis is a ring circulation around the scapula where it continues to the suprascapular artery via the circumflex scapular artery.

Deep branch

The dorsal scapular artery (or descending scapular artery) is a blood vessel which supplies the levator scapulae, rhomboids, and trapezius.

It most frequently arises from the subclavian artery (the second or third part), but a quarter of the time it arises from the transverse cervical artery. In that case, the artery is also known as the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery, and the junction of those two is called cervicodorsal trunk.

It passes beneath the levator scapulae to the superior angle of the scapula, and then descends under the rhomboid muscles along the vertebral border of the scapula as far as the inferior angle.

It anastomoses with the suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries.

Additional images

File:Gray507.png|Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries File:Dorsal scapular artery.png|The dorsal scapular artery, sometimes a branch from the transverse cervical artery

References

References

1. (2012). "Neligan Plastic Surgery, 3rd edition".
2. Moore And Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy (2002) America: Lippincott Williams Publisher. 2nd Ed.
3. (September 2016). "Scapular artery, dorsal". [[General Electric.
4. Huelke DF. (1962). "The dorsal scapular artery--a proposed term for the artery to the rhomboid muscles". Anat. Rec..
5. (1996). "Relative frequency of a subclavian vs. a transverse cervical origin for the dorsal scapular artery in humans.". Anat Rec.