Transparency International

History

Transparency International was founded on 9 February 1993 in The Hague, Netherlands; it was formally registered on 15 June 1993 in Berlin, Germany. According to political scientist Ellen Gutterman, "TI's presence in Germany, and indeed its organizational development and rise from a small operation to a prominent international TNGO, benefited from the activities and personal connections of at least three key German individuals: Peter Eigen, Hansjoerg Elshorst, and Michael Wiehen". url=http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2012/Gutterman2.pdf| title=The Legitimacy of Transnational NGOs: Lessons from the Experience of Transparency International in Germany and France (PDF)| journal=Paper Submitted to the 84th Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association | author=Ellen Gutterman | date=June 2012}} The other founding members include: first=Peter | last=Larmour | editor1-first=Brett | editor1-last=Bowden | title=Global standards of market civilization | publisher=Routledge | date=September 2006 | pages=95–106 | isbn=0-415-37545-2}} first=Bill | last=Hicks | title=Transparency International - Holier than thou | publisher=pinkindustry.wordpress.com | year=2010 | url=https://pinkindustry.wordpress.com/transparency-international/}} Peter Conze (a former regional director of GIZ), Laurence Cockcroft, Oby Ezekwesili and Frank Vogl (of the World Bank), Fritz Heimann of General Electric, url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/cfr/world/20060501faessay_v85n3_Heineman.html| title=Foreign Affairs Magazine: The Long War Against Corruption | access-date=7 November 2025}} url=http://groups.colgate.edu/cews/people/bios_old/heimann.htm| title=CEWS - Panelist Biographies - Butler|access-date=16 November 2016| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117013913/http://groups.colgate.edu/cews/people/bios_old/heimann.htm| archive-date=17 November 2015}} Michael J. Hershman of US military intelligence, url=http://www.fairfaxgroup.us/bio_hershman.php| title=Senior Division Leaders: Michael J. Hershman| website=Fairfax Group| access-date=2015-10-10| archive-date=2015-08-14| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814064313/http://fairfaxgroup.us/bio_hershman.php| url-status=dead}} Kamal Hossain (former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh), url=https://www.transparency.org/en/the-organisation/international-council| title=International Council| publisher=Transparency International| website=www.transparency.org| access-date=2015-11-08}} Gerald Parfitt (formerly of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ukraine), url=https://groupdf.com/en/o-kompanii-angl/korporativnoe-upravlenie-ang/the-audit-committee/dzherald-parfitt/| title=Gerald Parfitt Group DF| publisher=Group DF| access-date=2015-11-08}} Jeremy Pope and Roy Stacy. url=https://acgc.cipe.org/business-of-integrity-blog/corruption-hasnt-changed-a-conversation-with-frank-vogl/| title=Corruption hasn't changed: a conversation with Frank Vogl| publisher=CIPE's Anti-Corruption & Governance Center| date=6 October 2017| access-date=9 November 2025}}

An important moment in its history was in 1995 when TI developed the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The CPI ranks nations on the prevalence of corruption within each country, based upon surveys of business people. The CPI was subsequently published annually. It was initially criticized for poor methodology and unfair treatment of developing nations, while also being praised for highlighting corruption. first=David | last=Chaikin | title=Corruption and money laundering: a symbiotic relationship | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | date=June 2009 | pages=12–13 | isbn=978-0-230-61360-7}}

Areas of work and products

The organization defines corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain which eventually hurts everyone who depends on the integrity of people in a position of authority. url=https://www.transparency.org/en/what-we-do| title=Transparency International – What we do| author=Transparency International e.V.| work=transparency.org| access-date=2025-11-08}} It develops tools for fighting corruption and works with other civil society organizations, companies and governments to implement them. Since 1995, TI has issued an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI); it also publishes a Global Corruption Report, a Global Corruption Barometer, and a Bribe Payers Index. In the years leading up to 2030, Transparency International is dedicated to leading the global fight against corruption via its strategy: "Holding Power to AccountA Global Strategy Against Corruption 2021–2030". It sets out how the Movement aims to contribute to "a more positive future; a world in which power is held to account, for the common good". url=https://www.transparency.org/en/the-organisation/our-strategy| title=A Global Strategy Against Corruption 2021-2030| author=Transparency International e.V.| work=transparency.org}}

Corruption Perceptions Index

Main article: Corruption Perceptions Index

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. It is a composite indexa combination of pollsdrawing on corruption-related data collected by a variety of reputable institutions. The CPI reflects the views of observers from around the world. The Corruption Perceptions Index has been criticized for measuring perception and not reality. The creators of the index argue that "perceptions matter in their own right, since ... firms and individuals take actions based on perceptions". last=Uslaner| first=Eric M. | title=Corruption, inequality, and the rule of law: the bulging pocket makes the easy life| publisher=Cambridge University Press pages=11–17| isbn=978-0-521-87489-2| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLvfSVkZYo4C&pg=PA11}} TI itself agrees with the CPI having limitations, but claims that the CPI is the best tool available for assessing corruption on a high level. title=How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated | url=https://www.transparency.org/en/news/how-cpi-scores-are-calculated | website=Transparency International | access-date=2 January 2026}}

According to the newspaper Le Monde: "In its main surveys, Transparency International does not measure the weight of corruption in economic terms for each country. It develops a Corruption Perception Index (CPI) based on surveys conducted by private structures or other NGOs: the Economist Intelligence Unit, backed by the British liberal weekly newspaper The Economist, the American neoconservative organization Freedom House, the World Economic Forum, or large corporations. (...) The CPI ignores corruption cases that concern the business world. So, the collapse of Lehman Brothers (2008) or the manipulation of the money market reference rate (Libor) by major British banks revealed in 2011 did not affect the ratings of the United States or United Kingdom." A common counter argument is that it is not plausible to ever measure the true scale and depth of a highly complex issue like corruption with a single number, and then rank countries accordingly. date=2013-12-03| title=Is Transparency International's measure of corruption still valid?| url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/dec/03/transparency-international-measure-corruption-valid| access-date=2021-10-08| website=the Guardian| language=en}}

International Anti-Corruption Conference

Main article: International Anti-Corruption Conference

First held in 1983, the International Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC) is a series of international conferences organized by the IACC Council, in association with local governments and organizations, with TI as its secretariat. The conferences take place every two years in different countries.

Global Anti-Corruption Consortium (GACC)

Since 2016, TI has partnered with the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP). The partnership enables knowledge and evidence gathered through OCCRP's corruption investigations to inform TI's policy and legal advocacy. title=Global Anti-Corruption Consortium | url=https://www.transparency.org/en/projects/global-anti-corruption-consortium | website=Transparency International | access-date=9 November 2025}} The programme is co-funded by three governments, including the US, and private donors. last1=Philippin | first1=Yann | last2=Candea | first2=Stefan | date=5 December 2024 | title=The hidden links between a giant of investigative journalism and the US government | url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/021224/hidden-links-between-giant-investigative-journalism-and-us-government | access-date=5 December 2024 | work=MediaPart}}

Other key products

• The Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) is a survey that asks citizens about their direct personal experience of corruption in their daily lives. publisher=Transparency International | title=Global Corruption Barometer: citizens' voices from around the world | url=https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/global_corruption_barometer_citizens_voices_from_around_the_world | access-date=23 April 2019 | archive-date=21 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421193203/https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/global_corruption_barometer_citizens_voices_from_around_the_world | url-status=dead }}

• The Global Corruption Report picks a specific topic like corruption in climate change for example and provides in-depth research.

• National integrity system assessments are designed to provide comprehensive analysis on a given country's mechanisms to fight corruption. title=What we do - National integrity system assessments | url=https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/nis | website=www.transparency.org}}

• The Government Defence Integrity Index first published in 2013 measures corruption in the defence sector of 82 countries. title=Government Defence Integrity Index | publisher=Transparency International | year=2025 | url=https://ti-defence.org/gdi/}} Some governments have expressed criticism towards the methodology of the report. TI defended the report and stressed the importance of transparency in the military sector. The plan was to publish the index every two years. title=Transparency is feasible | author=Mark Pyman | publisher=dandc.eu | date=March 2013 | url=http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/transparency-international-assesses-82-governments-defence-related-corruption-risks-first}}

• The Bribe Payers Index (BPI) first published in 1999 which ranked nations according to the perceived likelihood that a country's multinational corporations would offer bribes. The last edition was released in 2011 after which the project was closed for funding reasons. date=2022-07-26 | title=Old Wall Street Journal report about corruption in Malaysia recirculates online | url=https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32EG28Z | access-date=2024-01-07 | website=Fact Check | language=en}} The Journal of Business Ethics states "Bribery in international business transactions can be seen as a function of not only the demand for such bribes in different countries, but the supply, or willingness to provide bribes by multinational firms and their representatives. This study addresses the propensity of firms from 30 different countries to engage in international bribery". last1=Baughn | first1=Christopher | last2=Bodie | first2=Nancy L. | last3=Buchanan | first3=Mark A. | last4=Bixby | first4=Michael B. | date=2010 | title=Bribery in International Business Transactions | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25621541 | journal=Journal of Business Ethics | volume=92 |issue=1 | pages=15–32 | doi=10.1007/s10551-009-0136-7 |jstor=25621541 |s2cid=154833690 |issn=0167-4544|url-access=subscription }}

• The Exporting Corruption report first published in 2005. It is a research report that rates the bribery-related performance of leading global exporters, including countries that are signatories of OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.{{Cite web|url=https://www.transparency.org/en/projects/exporting-corruption| title=Exporting Corruption 2022 | website=Transparency.org| date=9 November 2025}}

The movement

Transparency International consists of chapterslocally established, independent organizationsthat address corruption in their respective countries. In Transparency International, the collective of chapters is referred to as The Movement. As chapters are staffed with local experts they are ideally placed to determine the priorities and approaches best suited to tackling corruption in their countries. This work ranges from visiting rural communities to provide free legal support to advising their government on policy reform. From small bribes to large-scale looting, corruption differs from country to country. Corruption does however not stop at national borders. The chapters play a crucial role in shaping its collective work and realizing its regional and global goals. The ambition is for chapters to be self-funded and autonomous. Correspondingly, the Secretariat in Berlin is called a secretariat to differentiate it from a headquarters. language=en| url=https://www.transparency.org/en/the-organisation/the-secretariat| title=Transparency International organisation structure| date=7 November 2025 | access-date=2025-11-07}}

Secretariat

The Secretariat based in Berlin is responsible for global operations whereas chapters are autonomous and responsible for work in their own respective countries. Maíra Martini took office as CEO of the Secretariat on 1 February 2025. She previously held the position of Head of Policy and Advocacy at the Secretariat. title=Maíra Martini appointed Transparency International chief executive officer | url=https://www.transparency.org/en/press/maira-martini-appointed-transparency-international-chief-executive-officer | access-date=9 November 2025 | publisher=Transparency International | date=7 January 2025| location=Berlin}} The Movement is officially led by the annual membership meeting of all the chapters. Between membership meetings, the TI Board of Directors lead the Movement, but delegate aspects to the CEO. TI's leadership structure includes an International Council, a group of individuals with extensive experience in TI's work. Drawn from diverse geographical, cultural and professional backgrounds, council members are appointed by the TI board of directors to advise them and to support the work of the organization as a whole.

Chapters

Some key chapters include:

• Transparency International Bangladesh, the chapter with the largest number of members
• Transparency International Canada
• Transparency Serbia
• Transparency International Slovakia

Not all chapters choose to adopt the TI name when they get selected to join the Movement. Some examples of that are the Association for a More Just Society, the TI chapter for Honduras; and Corruption Watch, the TI chapter for South Africa.

In April 2015 Russia's Ministry of Justice added TI Russia to its list of foreign agents. language=en| url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-adds-transparency-internatuional-to-foreign-agents-list/26944865.html| title=Russia Adds Transparency International To Foreign Agents List| website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| date=8 April 2015 | access-date=2023-08-16}} On 6 March 2023, TI was declared an undesirable organization in Russia. url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/03/06/russia-declares-transparency-international-undesirable_6018406_4.html| title=Russia declares Transparency International 'undesirable'| website=Le Monde| date=March 6, 2023| accessdate=9 November 2025}}

Disaccreditations

TI Croatia

Due to a "lack of confidence", TI's chapter in Croatia was disaccredited by the organization's board of directors in November 2015. url=https://www.transparency.org/en/press/transparency-international-statement-on-its-former-chapter-in-croatia| title=Press release - Transparency International statement on its former chapter in Croatia| publisher=Transparency International| location=Berlin| access-date=9 November 2025}} The previous year, several leaders of the Croatia chapter challenged the legality of the chapter president's election. The president was accused of falsifying records, conflicts of interest, and arbitrarily expelling 10 chapter members who opposed the hiring of staff against the organization's rules. The Croatian government eventually revoked the president's appointment. url=http://seldi.net/fileadmin/public/PDF/Publications/RAR/SELDI_Regional_Anticorruption_Report_Final_Revised.pdf | title= Anti Corruption Reloaded Assessment of Southeast Europe | publisher= Southeast Europe Leadership for Development and Integrity | date=2014 | first1= Ognian | last1= Shentov| first2=Ruslan | last2=Stefanov| first3=Boyko | last3=Todorov | isbn=978-954-477-221-5}}

TI USA

In January 2017, the TI Secretariat confirmed that its International Board of Directors decided on 10 January 2017 to strip its US affiliateTransparency International USAof its accreditation as the national chapter in the US. The stated basis for the dis-accreditation was the board's recognition of differences in philosophies, strategies, and priorities between the former chapter and the TI Movement. Elsewhere, it was reported that TI-USA came to be seen in the US as a corporate front group, funded by multinational corporations. TI-USA's funding was provided by Bechtel Corporation, Deloitte, Google, Pfizer ($50,000 or more), Citigroup, ExxonMobil, Fluor, General Electric, Lockheed Martin, Marsh McLennan, PepsiCo, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Raytheon, Realogy, Tyco ($25,000–$49,999), and Freeport-McMoRan and Johnson & Johnson (up to $24,999). url=http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/transparency-international-strips-us-affiliate-of-accreditation/| title=Transparency International Strips United States Affiliate of Accreditation| date=19 January 2017}} TI-USA previously awarded an annual corporate leadership award to one of its big corporate funders. In 2016, this award went to Bechtel. In April 2015 the Secretariat defended the decision by TI-USA to give Hillary Clinton its Integrity Award in 2012. url=https://www.transparency.org/en/press/transparency-and-the-clinton-foundation-regarding-recent-statements| title=Transparency and The Clinton Foundation: Regarding recent statements| publisher=Transparency International| location=Berlin| access-date=9 November 2025}}

A new TI USA chapter was created on January 1, 2020. url=https://us.transparency.org/| title=TI USA website| website=Transparency International USA}}

Funding

According to their donation policy, TI receives funding from a range of donors, including government agencies, multilateral institutions, foundations, the private sector and individuals. Funding may be unrestricted or tied to specific projects or programmes. It is their policy to accept fundingwhether monetary or in kindfrom any donor, provided that acceptance does not impair the independence to pursue their mission or endanger the integrity and reputation. The funding sources vary between chapters and the Secretariat. Some chapters rely heavily on financial support from small private donations. The Secretariat and chapters have independent fundraising efforts and the intention is for chapters not to be financially dependent on the Secretariat. url=https://www.transparency.org/en/the-organisation/who-supports-us| title=Who supports us| publisher=Transparency International}}

Siemens Integrity Initiative

In January 2015 it was reported that TI accepted $3 million from a foundation set up by the German engineering multinational Siemens. Siemens had established the foundation subsequent to paying one of the largest corporate corruption fines in 2008 url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/16/business/worldbusiness/16siemens.html| title=Settling Bribery Case to Cost Siemens $1.6 Billion| first1=Eric| last1=Lichtblau| first2=Carter| last2=Dougherty| newspaper=The New York Times| date=15 December 2008}} in history$1.6 billionfor bribing government officials in numerous countries. In 2014, the Siemens Integrity Initiative funded a project at TI after pleading guilty in 2008 to bribery charges relating to widespread corrupt practices in Greece, Norway, Iraq, Vietnam, Italy, Israel, Argentina, Venezuela, China and Russia. url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2008/2008-294.htm| title=Press Release: SEC Charges Siemens AG for Engaging in Worldwide Bribery; 2008-294| date= December 15, 2008| publisher=SEC}} TI applied for and received the project funding from the Siemens Integrity Initiative. At the time, this was controversial as TI's due diligence procedures url=http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/duediligence.pdf| publisher=Corporate Crime Reporter| title=Private-Sector Donors Approval and Due Diligence Processes}} prohibit the organization from accepting money from corporations that want to "greenwash" their reputations by making donations to TI. "If any corporate donor is accused of having been involved in corruption, the donor can expect no protection from TI," the procedures state. Transparency International received the funding from the Siemens Integrity Initiative url=https://www.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/compliance/collective-action.html| title=Collective Action| website=www.siemens.com| publisher=Siemens}} about a year after the Siemens foundation hired a TI staff member from their EU office. This raised media questions of a revolving door that could benefit both the organization and the company. According to Corporate Crime Reporter which reported extensively on the case, several of TI's national chapters also have accepted money from the Siemens Integrity Initiative: $660,000 for TI USA, $600,000 for TI Italy, $450,000 for TI Bulgaria, and $230,000 for TI Mexicoeach for a period of three years. TI's then managing director, Cobus de Swardt, said, "We did not file an application to Siemens, we applied to the Siemens Integrity Initiative. There's a difference." url=http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/transparency-international-siemens-revolving-door-spins-money-pipeline-flows/| title=Transparency International Siemens Revolving Door Spins, Money Pipeline Flows| publisher=Corporate Crime Reporter| date=11 February 2014| access-date=16 November 2016}} url=http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/siemens-and-the-greenwashing-of-transparency-international/| title=Transparency International and the Greenwashing of Siemens| publisher=Corporate Crime Reporter| date=2 April 2014| access-date=16 November 2016}} url=http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/siemens-donates-3-million-transparency-international/| title=Siemens Donates $3 Million to Transparency International| publisher=Corporate Crime Reporter| date=21 January 2015| access-date=16 November 2016}} The project funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative over multiple years was called "Integrity Pact" and was deemed a significant success upon its completion. It focused on building national capacities to strengthen government procurement practices across multiple countries to prevent the kind of corruption that Siemens had engaged in. The model applied is now a format for government procurement worldwide. Transparency International argues that the seed funding from the Siemens Integrity Initiative has had significant positive impact in ensuring transparency in government procurement around there world and thereby limiting corruption risk. url=https://www.transparency.org/en/projects/integrity-pacts-safeguarding-public-investments-through-multi-stakeholder-collective-action| title=Integrity Pacts: Safeguarding public investments through multi-stakeholder collective action| publisher=Transparency International| date=7 November 2025| access-date=7 November 2025}}

Criticisms

2013 stance on Edward Snowden

At its annual members' meeting in November 2013 in Berlin, TI's national chapters from Germany and Ireland proposed a resolution calling for the "end of the prosecution of Edward J. Snowden ... He should be recognized as a whistleblower for his help to reveal the over-reaching and unlawful surveillance by secret services ... He symbolizes the courage of numerous other whistleblowers around the world." url=http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Snowden.pdf| title=Whistleblower protection of Edward Snowden| publisher=Corporate Crime Reporter| date=10 February 2014| access-date=16 November 2018}} The final resolution that was passed by the plenary excluded any reference to Snowden, and excluded a call for "comprehensive protection on whistleblowers from all forms of retaliation". The original resolution was weakened following the intervention of the TI USA. url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/russell-mokhiber/transparency-internationa_b_4687986.html| title=Transparency International Nixes Edward Snowden| last= Mokhiber| first=Russell| publisher=HuffPost| date=10 February 2014| access-date=16 November 2018}} Five months earlier, in June 2013, representatives from TI met Snowden at the Moscow airport, where he asked for political asylum in Russia.

2015 whistleblowing

In August 2015 former TI staffer Anna Buzzoni went public regarding retaliation she and her colleagues faced after reporting to managers questionable financial dealings at TI's Water Integrity Network. url=http://www.waterintegritynetwork.net/| title=Water Integrity Network| website=www.waterintegritynetwork.net}} Two of Buzzoni's project responsibilities were suspended and she was transferred against her will. She left TI shortly before internal whistleblower guidelines were adopted in June 2014. url=https://correctiv.org/en/blog/2015/08/27/falling-deaf-ears/| title=Falling on Deaf Ears| date=27 August 2015| access-date=16 November 2016}}

2017–21 reports of toxic culture at the Berlin Secretaratiat

In 2017, Cobus de Swardt stood down as TI's managing director, following a dispute with the organization's board of directors. De Swardt agreed a settlement with TI in a Labour Court in Berlin. url=https://www.transparency.org/en/press/statement-on-allegations-by-mr-de-swardt| title=Statement on allegations by Mr. de Swardt - Press| publisher=Transparency International| website=Transparency.org| location=Berlin| date=11 October 2018 }} In August 2019, accounts from seven current and former TI Secretariat staff were reported in The Guardian alleging a "toxic workplace" culture at the organization. last=Doshi| first=Vidhi| date=2019-08-21| title=Transparency International staff complain of bullying and harassment| language=en-GB| publisher=The Guardian| url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/21/transparency-international-staff-complain-of-bullying-harassment| access-date=2019-11-12| issn=0261-3077}} In 2021, de Swardt published a book accusing TI of abuse of power and of silencing him as a whistleblower in his former role as executive director. url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-76540-8| title=Silencing a Whistleblower| first=Cobus| last=de Swardt| publisher=Springer Nature| date=February 19, 2021| doi=10.1007/978-3-030-76540-8| isbn=978-3-030-76539-2 }} De Swardt also presented a video published on YouTube by his publisher, Springer, criticising TI. url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1je9wYQU0X4| title=Silencing a Whistleblower - Authors @ Fbm21| date=4 October 2021 | publisher=Springer Nature| via=www.youtube.com}}

De Swardt's successor, Patricia Moreira, left in 2020 after making similar accusations to those of De Swardt, accusing the Board of failing to protect her as a whistleblower. The German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reported that TI dismissed Moreira "without giving any reasons". last=Burras| first=Corrina| date=19 June 2020| title=Die dunklen Seiten der Korruptionsjagd| pages=1–3| publisher=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung| url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/transparency-international-die-dunklen-seiten-der-korruptionsjagd-16803895-p3.html| access-date=21 February 2022| language=de}} The article added that, "dozens of employees, including high-ranking ones, have left the organization in recent years. Even long-standing and deeply committed employees complain that TI is involved in political intrigues in which some are only interested in their own progress." An investigator contracted by Moreira stated in a report that TI board's handling of the complaints process was beset by conflicts of interest and failed to address allegations of misconduct made against the board by Moreira. last=Witchell | first=Harriet | date=July 29, 2021 | publisher = MyKludo| title=Review Concerning Investigation of Bullying Allegations by Transparency International in 2019/20 | url=https://ia601500.us.archive.org/30/items/review-investigation-transparency-international-2019-20/Review%20Investigation%20Transparency%20International%202019-20.pdf | access-date=16 May 2022}}

Following the departure of Moreira, Daniel P. Eriksson was appointed interim managing director in March 2020, and became CEO a year later. title=Daniel Eriksson appointed as Transpareny International Secretariat's chief executive officer| url=https://www.transparency.org/en/press/daniel-eriksson-appointed-transparency-international-secretariat-chief-executive-officer | publisher=Transparency International| date=31 March 2021 | access-date=21 June 2024}} During his term leading up to January 2025, the organization culture and work environment improved significantly. last1=Eriksson | first1=Daniel | title=After much consideration, I have made the decision to step down | website=LinkedIn| url=https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7249054638430154752/| access-date=9 November 2025}} title=After six years of dedicated work, Daniel Eriksson has decided to step down as CEO of Transparency International.| url=https://x.com/anticorruption/status/1843289373023809609| website=X.com | publisher=Transparency International | access-date=9 November 2025}}

2024 TI Brazil accusations

Some sources have questioned the political impartiality and transparency of TI Brazil, based on conversations of prosecutors in Operation Car Wash, leaked to The Intercept following a hack. url=https://theintercept.com/2021/06/08/brazil-congress-car-wash-corruption-merrick-garland/| title=House Democrats Want Answers About U.S. Role in Disgraced Brazil Corruption Probe| first=Andrew| last=Fishman| date=June 8, 2021| publisher=The Intercept}} Members in the chat group included chief prosecutor Deltan Dallagnol as well as the head of TI Brazil. The chat group included posts on a "backstage campaign" to "disarm resistance on the left", fund selected candidates, and target others, seen as adversaries, using social media. Plans extended to preparing a series of false accusations ("denúncias sem materialidade") intended to damage the reputation of former president and potential candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and led up to a chat in which participants celebrated the election of Jair Bolsonaro. title=Lava Jato debateu cláusula anti-Bolsonaro em ranking de candidatos em 2018| url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/2021/03/06/lava-jato-debateu-clausula-anti-bolsonaro-em-ranking-de-candidatos-em-2018| access-date=2021-03-09| publisher=CNN Brasil| date=6 March 2021 | language=pt-BR}} title=Deltan e Transparência Internacional tentaram criar plataforma de candidatos lavajatistas| url=https://www.conjur.com.br/2021-mar-08/deltan-ong-tentaram-criar-plataforma-candidatos-lavajatistas| access-date=2021-03-09| publisher=Consultor Jurídico| date=9 March 2021 | language=pt-BR}} In April 2022, the Tribunal de Contas da União announced that it had opened an investigation against TI in relation to the imprisonment of Lula da Silva. url=https://www.brasilwire.com/brazils-auditing-court-opens-investigation-against-transparency-international/| title=Transparency International: Brazil Court Opens Investigation Of Anti-Corruption NGO| last=Mier| first=Brian| date=April 14, 2022| publisher=Brasil Wire| access-date=April 14, 2022}}

References

References

1. IACC website, http://iaccseries.org/
2. "Global Corruption Report".
3. (2013-07-13). "С Россией заговорили на беглом американском".