people/1530s

English lady-in-waiting to Mary I

French noble and soldier

Flemish-born scholar, printer and publisher

Cuban Taíno rebel chief

Italian-French soldier, governor and statesman (1539–1595)

Spanish soldier, priest, geographer and writer

French author, philosopher, and statesman (1533–1592)

King of Sweden from 1569 to 1592

Grand princess of Moscow from 1526 to 1533

Czech architect and engineer

English theologian

16th-century English Protestant writer

16th-century Scottish archbishop

Bishop of Exeter from 1579 to 1594

Italian philosopher and theologian

Scottish author and apologist for Mary, Queen of Scots

Italian academic, bishop, and diplomat (1538–1585)

Spanish Dominican scholar (1530–1599)

Italian bishop and cardinal (1534–1581)

Sultan of Aceh (c. 1514–1530)

Military monk and diplomat of the Mōri clan (1539–1600)

Polish–Lithuanian nobleman

16th-century Countess of Northumberland

Wife of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester

Florentine cardinal

Italian bishop

King of Portugal (disputed) in 1580

Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal

Inca prince and general

Sultan of Gujarat from 1526 to 1535 and from 1536 to 1537

English clergyman and academic

French diplomat and Catholic cardinal (1537–1604)

Ottoman admiral

Russian child saint (1532–1544)

16th-century English jurist and politician

Spanish theologian and philosopher (1536–1610)

English courtier

Italian painter

Catholic cardinal (1532–1596)