From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

none

This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most Earth science satellites, commercial satellites or crewed missions.

Timeline

1950s

Year	Date	Origin	Name	Launch vehicle	Status	Description	Mass
1957	October 4	USSR	Sputnik 1	Sputnik-PS		The first human-made object to orbit Earth.	83.6 kg (183.9 lb)
November 3	USSR	Sputnik 2	Sputnik-PS		The first satellite to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika.	508 kg (1,118 lb)
December 6	US	Vanguard 1A	Vanguard TV-3		title=Vanguard: A History	last1=Green	first1=Constance McLaughlin	last2=Lomask	first2=Milton	publisher=Scientific and Technical Information Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration	year=1970	pages=283–287}}	1.36 kg (2.99 lb)
1958	February 1	US	Explorer 1	Juno I		The first American satellite in space.	13.91 kg (30.66 lb)
February 5	US	Vanguard 1B	Vanguard TV-3BU		Control failure caused vehicle breakup at T+57 seconds as vehicle exceeded an angle of attack of 45° due to a control system malfunction.	1.36 kg (2.99 lb)
March 5	US	Explorer 2	Juno I		Failed to orbit. Fourth stage did not ignite.	14.52 kg (31.94 lb)
March 17	US	Vanguard 1C	Vanguard TV-4		Vanguard 1. Expected to de-orbit in ~2240AD, this and its upper launch stage are the oldest human-made objects in space. Also the first use of solar cells to power a satellite.	1.47 kg (3.25 lb)
March 26	US	Explorer 3	Juno I		Added to data received by Explorer 1.	14.1 kg (31.0 lb)
April 29	US	Vanguard 2A	Vanguard TV-5		Second stage shutdown sequence not completed, preventing proper 3rd stage separation and firing. Did not reach orbit.	9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
May 15	USSR	Sputnik 3	Sputnik		Contained 12 instruments for a wide range of upper atmosphere tests.	1,327 kg (2,926 lb)
May 28	US	Vanguard 2B	Vanguard SLV-1		The first production model of the series. Nominal flight until a guidance error was encountered on second stage burnout. Did not reach orbit.	9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
June 26	US	Vanguard 2C	Vanguard SLV-2		Premature second stage cutoff prevented third stage operation. Did not reach orbit.	9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
July 26	US	Explorer 4	Juno I		Expanded data set of previous Explorer missions and collected data from Argus high-altitude nuclear explosions.	11.7 kg (25.8 lb)
August 17	US	Pioneer 0	Thor-Able 1		Failed to orbit. First stage engine failure caused explosion at T+77 seconds.	38 kg (84 lb)
August 24	US	Explorer 5	Juno I		On-board instruments damaged on first stage separation. Failed to orbit.	11.7 kg (25.8 lb)
September 26	US	Vanguard 2D	Vanguard SLV-3		Second stage under-performed, lacking only ~76 m/s (~250 fps) required to achieve orbit.	10.6 kg (23.3 lb)
October 11	US	Pioneer 1	Thor-Able 1		url=https://history.nasa.gov/pocketstats/sect%20B/MLR.pdf	title=NASA Major Launch Record	website=history.nasa.gov	access-date=February 24, 2017}}	38 kg (84 lb)
October 22	US	Beacon 1	Juno I		A thin plastic sphere (12-feet in diameter) intended to study atmosphere density. Payload dropped due to rotational vibrations.	4.2 kg (9.2 lb)
November 8	US	Pioneer 2	Thor-Able 1		Briefly provided further data on Earth's magnetic field. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the vicinity of the Moon.	38 kg (83 lb)
December 6	US	Pioneer 3	Juno II		Did not reach the Moon as intended, but discovered a second radiation belt around Earth.	5.9 kg (13.0 lb)
1959	January 2	USSR	Luna 1	Luna		The first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon, and the first spacecraft to be placed in heliocentric orbit.	361 kg (794.2 lb)
January 21	US	Discoverer Zero	Thor-Agena A		Accessory rockets ignited on pad during fueling. Part of Corona satellite development program. Upper stage consisted entirely of dummy components.	618 kg (1362.5 lb)
February 17	US	Vanguard 2E	Vanguard SLV-4		Vanguard 2. Measured cloud cover. First attempted photo of Earth from a satellite; precession motion resulted in difficulty interpreting data (see first images of Earth from space).	10.8 kg (23.7 lb)
February 28	US	Discoverer 1	Thor-Agena A		Reached orbit with an apogee of 605 miles and a perigee of 99 miles. First spacecraft placed in polar orbit. Part of Corona satellite development program.	618 kg (1362.5 lb)
March 3	US	Pioneer 4	Juno II		Passed within 60,030 km (37,300 mi) of the Moon into a heliocentric orbit, returning excellent radiation data.	6.1 kg (13.4 lb)
April 13	US	Vanguard 3A	Vanguard SLV-5		Failed to orbit. Second stage hydraulics failure led to loss of control, damaged at launch. Two spheres included as payload.	10.3 kg (22.7 lb)
April 13	US	Discoverer 2	Thor-Agena A		Successful orbit, first satellite to be stabilized in orbit in all 3 axes. Recovery capsule ejected early, landed near Spitzbergen and was not recovered. Part of Corona satellite development program.	784 kg (1728 lb)
June 3	US	Discoverer 3	Thor-Agena A		Failed to reach orbit. Agena stage failed to produce thrust. Part of Corona satellite development program. Cover story was a biomedical study of 4 live mice onboard.	843 kg (1858 lb)
June 22	US	Vanguard 3B	Vanguard SLV-6		Failed to orbit. Second stage exploded due to stuck helium vent valve. Intended to measure weather effects related to solar-Earth heating processes.	10.3 kg (22.7 lb)
June 25	US	Discoverer 4	Thor-Agena A		Failed to reach orbit. Agena stage failed to produce thrust. Part of Corona satellite development program. First satellite to contain full Corona optics. Also known as Corona 9001.	870 kg (1920 lb)
July 16	US	Explorer S-1	Juno II		Did not achieve orbit. Guidance system power malfunction. Destroyed by range safety officer at T+5.5s.	41.5 kg (91.3 lb)
August 7	US	Explorer 6	Thor-Able 3		Included instruments to study particles and meteorology.	64.4 kg (141.7 lb)
August 13	US	Discoverer 5	Thor-Agena A		Successfully reached 193 kilometers (120 mi) x 353 kilometers (219 mi) polar orbit. Camera failed after first orbit. Recovery capsule boosted into higher orbit and was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9002	870 kg (1920 lb)
August 14		US	Beacon 2	Juno II		Premature cutoff of first stage caused upper stage malfunction.	4.5 kg (9.9 lb)
August 19	US	Discoverer 6	Thor-Agena A		Successfully reached 212 kilometers (132 mi) x 848 kilometers (527 mi) polar orbit. Camera failed after second orbit. Recovery capsule was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9003	870 kg (1920 lb)
September 12	USSR	Luna 2	Luna		The first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon, and the first human-made object to land on another celestial body.	390.2 kg (858.4 lb)
September 18	US	Vanguard 3	Vanguard TV-4BU		Incorporated Allegany Ballistics Laboratory X248 A2 as third stage. Solar-powered sphere measured radiation belts and micrometeorite impacts.	22.7 kg (50.0 lb)
October 4	USSR	Luna 3	Luna		The first mission to photograph the far side of the Moon.	278.5 kg (614 lb)
October 13	US	Explorer 7	Juno II		Provided data on energetic particles, radiation, and magnetic storms. Also recorded the first micrometeorite penetration of a sensor.	41.5 kg (69.4 lb)
November 7	US	Discoverer 7	Thor-Agena A		Successfully reached 159 kilometers (99 mi) x 847 kilometers (526 mi) polar orbit. Recovery capsule failed to separate. Also known as Corona 9004	920 kg (2030 lb)
November 20	US	Discoverer 8	Thor-Agena A		Successfully reached 187 kilometers (116 mi) x 1,679 kilometers (1,043 mi) polar orbit. Film broken during operation. Recovery capsule correctly separated and re-entered. Parachute failed to open and capsule was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9005.	835 kg (1841 lb)
November 26	US	Pioneer P-3	Atlas-Able 20		Lunar orbiter probe; payload shroud failed at T+45 seconds, resulting in disintegration of upper stages and payload.	168.7 kg (371.1 lb)

1960s

Year	Launch date	Origin	Name	Launch vehicle	Target	Status	Description
1960	March 11	US	Pioneer 5	Thor-Able	Sun		Solar monitor. Measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region
May 15	USSR	Korabl-Sputnik 1	Vostok-L	Earth		First test flight of the Soviet Vostok programme, and the first Vostok spacecraft
April 1	US	TIROS-1	Thor-Able	Earth		TIROS-1 (or TIROS-A) was the first successful low-Earth orbital weather satellite, and the first of a series of Television Infrared Observation Satellites.
August 19	USSR	Korabl-Sputnik 2	Vostok-L	Earth		First spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth
November 3	US	Explorer 8	Juno II	Earth		Battery power failed early, and data had to be processed by hand. In spite of this, new information about the ionosphere has been discovered
1961	February 12	USSR	Venera 1	Molniya 8K78	Venus		First interplanetary flight, contact lost en route, before it performed the first flyby at another planet.
April 27	US	Explorer 11	Juno II	Earth		Was the first space-borne gamma-ray telescope. Limited Battery Power restricted the data collection to the ascension stage.
August 16	US	Explorer 12 (EPE-A)	Thor-Delta A	Earth		The spacecraft functioned well until 6 December 1961, when it ceased transmitting data apparently as a result of failures in the power system.
August 23	US	Ranger 1	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Rocket malfunction left the spacecraft stranded in low Earth orbit.
November 18	US	Ranger 2	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Booster rocket malfunction trapped spacecraft in low Earth orbit.
1962	January 26	US	Ranger 3	Atlas-Agena	Moon		NASA's first attempt to land a spacecraft on the Moon. A series of malfunctions sent spacecraft hurtling past the Moon.
April 23	US	Ranger 4	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon.
April 26	UK	Ariel 1	Thor-Delta	Earth		First British satellite in space (on American rocket)
July 10	US	Telstar 1	Thor-Delta	Earth		Communication satellite
July 22	US	Mariner 1	Atlas-Agena	Venus		Software related guidance system failure, range safety officer ordered destroyed after 294.5 seconds after launch.
August 27	US	Mariner 2	Atlas-Agena	Venus		First spacecraft to visit another planet
September 29	Canada	Alouette 1	Thor-Agena	Earth		First Canadian satellite (on American rocket), first satellite not constructed by the US or USSR
October 2	US	Explorer 14 (EPE-B)	Thor-Delta A	Earth		NASA spacecraft instrumented to measure cosmic-ray particles, trapped particles, solar wind protons, and magnetospheric and interplanetary magnetic fields.
October 18	US	Ranger 5	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Malfunction in the spacecraft's batteries caused them to drain after 8 hours, leaving it inoperable.
1963	February 14	US	Syncom	[Syncom 1	Delta B	Earth		Failed to reach desired orbit - went silent seconds after apogee kick motor ignited.
July 26	US	Syncom 2	Delta B	Earth		First successful television broadcast through a geosynchronous satellite.
First pair - October 17	US	Vela 1A and Vela 1B	Atlas-Agena	Earth		Series of satellites to monitor compliance to the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty
1964	February 2	US	Ranger 6	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Lunar impactor. Successful impact but power failure resulted in no pictures.
March 27	UK	Ariel 2	Scout X-3	Earth		First Radio Astronomy Satellite (on American rocket)
July 31	US	Ranger 7	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Lunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
November 28	US	Mariner 4	Atlas-Agena	Mars		First deep space photographs of another planet and first flyby of Mars
December 15	Italy	San Marco 1	Scout X-4	Earth		First Italian satellite (on American rocket)
1965	February 2	US	Ranger 8	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Lunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
February 20	US	Ranger 9	Atlas-Agena	Moon		Lunar impactor. Live TV broadcast until impact.
April 6	US	Intelsat I	Delta D	Earth		First commercial communications satellite in orbit. Was operated off and on until 1990.
November 26	France	Asterix	Diamant A	Earth		First French satellite. First orbital launch outside U.S. and Soviet Union.
November 29	Canada	Alouette 2	Thor-Agena	Earth		Research satellite designed to explore Earth's ionosphere
December 16	US	Pioneer 6	Delta E	Sun		title=Pioneer 6: NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1965-105A	url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-105A	publisher=NASA	access-date=9 September 2018}}
1966	January 31	USSR	Luna 9	Molniya M	Moon		First spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, or any planetary body other than Earth, and to transmit photographic data to Earth from the surface of another planetary body.
February 17	France	Diapason	Diamant A	Earth		Earth measurement by doppler radio measure
June 2	US	Surveyor 1	Atlas-Centaur	Moon		First US soft landing; Surveyor program performed various tests in support of forthcoming crewed landings.
July 1	US	Explorer 33	Delta E1	Earth		Was intended to orbit the Moon but instead orbited the Earth. Explored solar winds, interplanetary plasma, and solar X-rays.
August 10	US	Lunar Orbiter 1	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Moon		First US spacecraft to orbit the Moon. Designed to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selecting landing sites.
August 17	US	Pioneer 7	Delta E1	Sun		A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.
September 20	US	Surveyor 2	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	Moon		Lunar Lander. A failure in one of its three thrusters caused it to lose control and crash into the Moon.
November 6	US	Lunar Orbiter 2	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Moon		Designed to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface to identify landing sites.
1967	January 11	US	Intelsat II F-2	Delta E	Earth		Operated for 2 years as a communications satellite. Was deactivated in 1969.
February 8	France	Diadème 1	Diamant A	Earth	Partial	Orbit slightly too low, considered a partial failure by the booster team. Earth measurement by doppler radio and laser ranging from the ground.
February 15	France	Diadème 2	Diamant A	Earth		Earth measurement by doppler radio and laser ranging from the ground.
April 17	US	Surveyor 3	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	Moon		url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-3/	title=Surveyor 3	website=www.jpl.nasa.gov	access-date=2018-10-14}}
May 5	UK	Ariel 3	Scout A	Earth		First entirely British built satellite
July 14	US	Surveyor 4	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	Moon		Despite a perfect flight to the Moon, communications was lost 2.5 minutes prior to landing. NASA concluded the spacecraft may have exploded.
September 8	US	Surveyor 5	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Moon		Lunar lander. First spacecraft to do a soil analysis of any world. Returned more than 20,000 photos.
November 7	US	Surveyor 6	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Moon		Lunar lander. First spacecraft to be launched from the surface of the Moon. It lifted itself to a height of about 3 meters.
November 29	Australia	WRESAT	Sparta	Earth		First Australian satellite (on American rocket) launched from Woomera, Australia. Third nation to launch a satellite from its own soil.
December 13	US	Pioneer 8	Delta E1	Sun		A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.
1968	January 7	US	Surveyor 7	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Moon		Lunar lander. Only spacecraft in the series to land in the lunar highland region and had the most extensive set of instruments.
November 8	US	Pioneer 9	Delta E1	Sun		A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.
1969	January 30	Canada	ISIS 1	Delta E1	Earth		International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS)
February 25	US	Mariner 6	Atlas SLV-3D Agena-D1A	Mars		Mars probe attempting to study the surface and atmosphere of Mars during close flybys to establish a basis for further investigations.
March 27	US	Mariner 7	Atlas SLV-3D Agena-D1A	Mars		Mars probe attempting to study the surface and atmosphere of Mars during close flybys to establish a basis for further investigations.
November 8	West Germany	Azur / (GRS A) (German Research Satellite)	Scout B S169C	Earth		The scientific mission was to: scan the energy spectra of inner zone protons and electrons; measure the fluxes of electrons of energy greater than 40 keV that are parallel, anti-parallel, and perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force over the auroral zone, and measure associated optical emission; and record solar protons on alert.

1970s

Year	Launch date	Origin	Name	Target	Status	Description
1970	February 11	Japan	Ohsumi	Earth		First Japanese satellite. Japan became the fourth nation after the USSR, USA and France to successfully put an artificial satellite into orbit on its own.
March 10	West Germany	DIAL-WIKA		Second German satellite. Launch by a French Diamant B from Kourou
April 24	China	Dong Fang Hong I		First Chinese satellite
August 7	USSR	Venera 7	Venus		First successful landing of a spacecraft on another planet
September 2	UK	Orba	Earth		Second stage of rocket shutdown 13 seconds early
September 12	USSR	Luna 16	Moon		Lander is the first automated return of samples from the Moon
October 20	Zond 8		Flyby
November 10	Luna 17/Lunokhod 1		Lander/rover is the first automated surface exploration of the Moon
December 12	US	Uhuru	Earth		First dedicated X-ray astronomy satellite
France	PEOLE		First French communication satellite.
1971	April 15	France	Tournesol	Earth		First French satellite with active attitude control. Hydrogen measurement.
April 1	Canada	ISIS 2
May 9	US	Mariner 8	Mars		Orbiter. Lost due to launch failure.
May 10	USSR	Cosmos 419		Probe
May 19	Mars 2	Partial	Orbiter and lander, created the first human artifact on Mars
May 28	Mars 3	Partial	Orbiter and lander, first successful landing on Mars
May 30	US	Mariner 9		Orbiter, first pictures of Mars' moons (Phobos and Deimos) taken
September 2	USSR	Luna 18	Moon		Lander
September 28	Luna 19		Orbiter
Japan	Shinsei	Earth		First Japanese science satellite
October 28	UK	Prospero X-3		Satellite, first satellite launched by Britain using a British rocket
December 5	France	Polaire		Second stage explosion
December 11	UK	Ariel 4
1972	February 17	USSR	Luna 20	Moon		Lander
March 3	US	Pioneer 10	Jupiter		First spacecraft to encounter Jupiter
March 27	USSR	Venera 8	Venus		Lander
August 21	US/UK	Copernicus – Orbiting Astronomical Observatory-3	Earth
1973	January 8/11	USSR	Luna 21/Lunokhod 2	Moon		Lander/rover
April 6	US	Pioneer 11	Jupiter/Saturn		First spacecraft to encounter Saturn
May 21	France	Castor/Pollux	Earth		Reached orbit but the fairing failed to deploy, failing the launch
June 10	US	Explorer 49	Sun		Solar probe
July 21	USSR	Mars 4	Mars		Orbiter
July 25	Mars 5		Orbiter
August 5	Mars 6		Orbiter and lander
August 9	Mars 7		Orbiter and lander
November 3	US	Mariner 10	Venus/Mercury		It passed by and photographed Mercury, also was the first dual planet probe
1974	May 29	USSR	Luna 22	Moon		Orbiter
August 30	Netherlands/US	Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet (ANS)	Earth		Discovered X-ray bursts, first Dutch satellite (with US contributions)
October 15	UK	Ariel 5		X-ray satellite
October 28	USSR	Luna 23	Moon		Probe
December 10	West Germany	Helios 1	Sun		Solar probe
1975	February 6	France	Starlette	Earth		Laser reflector for Earth-based measurement
April 19	India	Aryabhata		Launched by USSR, the first Indian satellite
May 17	France	Castor/Pollux		Second launch. Castor tested a new accelerometer, Pollux tested hydrazine based thrusters
June 8	USSR	Venera 9	Venus		Returns the first pictures of the surface of Venus
June 14	Venera 10		Orbiter and lander
August 20	US	Viking 1	Mars		Orbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
September 9	Viking 2		Orbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
September 27	France	Aura	Earth		Far-ultraviolet measurement of the Sun. Last launch of the Diamant rocket.
1976	January 15	West Germany	Helios 2	Sun		Solar probe
January 17	Canada/US/Europe	Communications Technology Satellite	Earth		Prototype for testing direct broadcast satellite television on the Ku band
July 9	Indonesia	Palapa A1		Launched by US, The First Indonesian GEO Satellite for domestic Communication
August 9	USSR	Luna 24	Moon		Lander
1977	August 12	US	HEAO-1	Earth		X-ray satellite
August 20	Voyager 2	Jupiter		Sent back images of Jupiter and its system
September 5	Voyager 1
September 18	USSR	Kosmos 954	Earth		Reconnaissance satellites
1978	May 20	US	Pioneer Venus 1	Venus		Orbiter
August 8	Pioneer Venus 2		Atmospheric probe
September 9	USSR	Venera 11	Venus	Partial	Flyby and lander
September 14	Venera 12
October 24	Czechoslovakia	Magion 1	Earth		First satellite for Czechoslovakia
November 13	US	HEAO-2		First X-ray photographs of astronomical objects
1979	February 21	Japan	Hakucho	Earth		X-ray satellite
June 2	UK	Ariel 6		Cosmic-ray and X-ray satellite
June 7	India	Bhaskara-1		Launched by ISRO (First successfully launched Indian low orbit Earth Observation Satellite)
August 10	Rohini Technology Payload		Launched by ISRO. Purpose was to monitor flight performance of SLV but a faulty valve caused vehicle to crash into the Bay of Bengal 317 seconds after launch.

1980s

Year	Origin	Name	Target	Status	Description
1980	US	Solar Maximum Mission	Sun		Solar Maximum Mission solar probe succeeded after being repaired in Earth orbit
1981	India	Bhaskara-2	Earth		Bhaskara-2 satellite; launched on Russian Kosmos-3M rocket for ISRO
USSR	Venera 13	Venus		Venera 13 launched, it returned the first colour pictures of the surface of Venus
USSR	Venera 14	Venus		Venera 14 flyby and lander
Bulgaria	Bulgaria 1300	Earth		Bulgaria 1300, polar research mission, was Bulgaria's first artificial satellite; launched by the Soviet Union
1983	USSR	Venera 15	Venus		Venera 15 orbiter
USSR	Venera 16	Venus		Venera 16 orbiter
Europe	EXOSAT	Earth		Launch of the EXOSAT X-ray satellite
Japan	Tenma	Earth		Launch of the Tenma X-ray satellite (ASTRO-B)
US / Netherlands / UK	IRAS	Earth		Launch of the IRAS satellite
1984	USSR	Vega 1	Venus/Halley's Comet		Vega 1 flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
USSR	Vega 2	Venus/Halley's Comet		Vega 2 flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
1985	Japan	Sakigake	Halley's Comet		Sakigake flyby, Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft
Japan	Suisei	Halley's Comet		Suisei flyby
Mexico	Morelos I	Earth		Morelos I, the first Mexican satellite
1986	Europe	Giotto	Halley's Comet		Giotto flyby
US	Voyager 2	Uranus		Voyager 2 sent back images of Uranus and its system
1987	Japan	Ginga	Earth		Launch of the Ginga X-ray satellite (ASTRO-C)
1988	USSR	Phobos 1	Mars		Phobos 1 orbiter and lander
USSR	Phobos 2	Mars	Partial	Phobos 2 flyby and lander
Israel	Ofeq 1	Earth		Ofeq 1 first Israeli satellite, first satellite to be launched in retrograde orbit
1989	US	Magellan	Venus		Magellan orbiter launched which mapped 99 percent of the surface of Venus (300 m resolution)
US / West Germany	Galileo	Venus/Earth/Moon/Gaspra/Ida/Jupiter		Galileo flyby, orbiter and atmospheric probe
US	Voyager 2	Neptune		Voyager 2 sent back images of Neptune and its system
Europe	Hipparcos	Earth		Launch of the Hipparcos satellite
US	COBE	Earth		Launch of the COBE satellite
USSR	Granat	Earth		Launch of the Granat gamma-ray and X-ray satellite

1990s

Year	Origin	Name	Target	Status	Description
1990	US/Europe	Ulysses	Sun		Ulysses solar flyby
Japan	Hiten	Moon		Hiten probe, this was the first non-United States or USSR probe to reach the Moon
US/Europe	Hubble Space Telescope	Earth		Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope
Pakistan	Badr-1	Earth		Launch of Badr-1 Pakistan 1st communication satellite
Germany	ROSAT	Earth		Launch of the ROSAT X-ray satellite to conduct the first imaging X-ray sky survey
1991	Japan	Yohkoh	Sun		Yohkoh solar probe
US	Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory	Earth		Launch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory satellite
1992	US	Mars Observer	Mars		Mars Observer orbiter
1993	Japan	ASCA	Earth		Launch of the ASCA (ASTRO-D) X-ray satellite
Brazil	INPE	Earth		Launch of the SCD-1, the oldest earth observation equipment still in operation.
1994	US	Clementine	Moon		Clementine orbiter mapped the surface of the Moon (resolution 125–150 m) and allowed the first accurate relief map of the Moon to be generated
Turkey	Türksat 1B	Earth		Türksat 1B, First Turkish communications satellite
1995	Mexico	Unamsat 1	Earth		Unamsat 1, First UNAM built orbiter
Ukraine	Sich-1	Earth		Sich-1 launched, first Ukrainian-built satellite
Europe	ISO	Earth		Launch of the Infrared Space Observatory
Europe/US	SOHO	Sun		SOHO solar probe
1996	US	NEAR Shoemaker	433 Eros		NEAR Shoemaker asteroid flybys/orbiter/lander
Turkey	Türksat 1C	Earth		Türksat 1C, Second Turkish communications satellite
US	Mars Global Surveyor	Mars		Mars Global Surveyor orbiter
US	Mars Pathfinder	Mars		Mars Pathfinder, the first automated surface exploration of another planet
Russia	Mars 96	Mars		Mars 96 orbiter and lander
Argentina	SAC-B	Earth		Sac-B Orbiter
1997	US/Europe	Cassini-Huygens	Saturn and Titan		Cassini-Huygens arrived in orbit on July 1, 2004, landed on Titan January 14, 2005
Argentina	Nahuel 1A	Earth		Nahuel 1A First Argentine satellite - geostationary communications satellites
1998	North Korea	Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1	Earth		Claimed launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 by North Korea though no independent source was able to verify its existence
US	Lunar Prospector	Moon		Lunar Prospector orbiter
Japan	Nozomi	Mars		Nozomi (Planet B) orbiter, the first Japanese spacecraft to reach another planet
US	Mars Climate Orbiter	Mars		Mars Climate Orbiter
Argentina / US	SAC-A	Earth		Sac-A Orbiter
1999	US	Mars Polar Lander	Mars		Mars Polar Lander
US	Deep Space 2	Mars		Deep Space 2 (DS2) penetrators
US	Chandra	Earth		Launch of the Chandra X-ray Observatory
Europe	XMM-Newton	Earth		Launch of the X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission, XMM-Newton

2000s

Year	Origin	Name	Target	Status	Description
2000	UK	SNAP-1	Earth		SNAP-1 robotic camera enabling images to be sent to other spacecraft orbiting the Earth
Argentina	SAC-C	Earth		SAC-C Orbiter
2001	Turkey	Türksat 2A	Earth		Türksat 2A, third Turkish communications satellite
US	Genesis	Sun		Genesis solar wind sample crash-landed on return
US	WMAP	Earth		Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) performs cosmological observations.
US	Mars Odyssey	Mars		Mars Odyssey
Europe	PROBA-1	Earth		PROBA-1 Small satellite to observe the Earth (first Belgian Satellite)
2003	Canada	MOST	Earth		MOST the smallest space telescope in orbit.
Turkey	BİLSAT	Earth		BİLSAT, Turkey's first earth observation satellite
2002	US	CONTOUR	Comet Encke		CONTOUR launched, but lost during early trajectory insertion.
Europe/Russia/US	INTEGRAL	Earth		Launch of the INTEGRAL gamma-ray satellite.
2003	Europe	SMART-1	Moon		SMART-1 orbiter
Europe	Mars Express & Beagle 2	Mars		Mars Express orbiter (successfully reached orbit) and failed Beagle 2 lander
US	Mars Exploration Rover	Mars		Mars Exploration Rovers successful launches, Spirit successfully landed, Opportunity successfully landed
UK	UK-DMC	Earth		UK-DMC orbiter, part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation
Japan	Hayabusa	[25143 Itokawa](25143-itokawa)		Hayabusa, first sample return from asteroid, returned in 2010
2004	Europe	Rosetta	[Comet 67P](67p-churyumov-gerasimenko)		Rosetta space probe launched (arrived on comet 67P on November 12, 2014)
US	MESSENGER	Mercury		MESSENGER orbiter launched (in Mercury orbit)
US	Swift	Earth		Launch of the Swift Gamma ray burst observatory.
2005	US	Deep Impact	Comet Tempel 1		Deep Impact
Japan	Suzaku	Earth		Launch of the Suzaku X-ray observatory (ASTRO-EII)
US	MRO	Mars		Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Iran	Sinah-1	Earth		Sinah-1 launched, first Iranian-built satellite
Europe	Venus Express	Venus		Venus Express
2006	US	New Horizons	Pluto		New Horizons launched. On July 14, 2015, New Horizons flew within 7,750 miles (12,472 km) of Pluto.
Japan	Akari	Earth		Launch of the Akari infrared observatory (ASTRO-F)
France/Europe	COROT	Earth		COROT telescope to search for extrasolar planets
2007	US	Phoenix	Mars		Phoenix launched and successfully landed in 2008
Japan	SELENE	Moon		SELENE orbiter and lander
US	Dawn	Vesta/Ceres		Dawn solar powered ion engined probe to [4 Vesta](4-vesta) and [1 Ceres](1-ceres).
China	Chang'e-I	Moon		Chang'e-I lunar orbiter
Nigeria	NigComSat-1	Earth		NigComSat-1 launched by China, failed after 1 year
2008	Turkey	Türksat 3A	Earth		Türksat 3A, fourth Turkish communications satellite
US	IBEX	Earth		The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX)'s mission is to study the nature of interactions between solar wind and interstellar medium at the edge of Solar System.
2009	North Korea	Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2	Earth		Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 failed to orbit, possibly due to the rocket's third stage not separating properly.
Europe	Planck	L2		Planck
Europe	Herschel	L2		Herschel Space Observatory
Iran	Omid	Earth		Omid launched by Iranian made launcher Safir. First Iranian-launched satellite
US	Kepler	Earth		Kepler launched
Europe	PROBA-2	Earth		PROBA-2 Small satellite to observe the Sun
India	RISAT-2	Earth		RISAT-2 developed by Israel Aerospace Industries, launched by ISRO, India
India	Chandrayaan-1	Moon		Chandrayaan-1 developed and launched by ISRO, India. First discovery of Lunar Water.
UK	UK-DMC 2	Earth		UK-DMC 2 orbiter, successor to UK-DMC part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation

2010s

Year	Origin	Name	Target	Status	Description
2010	Japan	Akatsuki	Venus		Akatsuki orbiter, first Japanese spacecraft to orbit another planet (2015)
2010	Japan	IKAROS	Venus		IKAROS, first solar-sail spacecraft
China	Chang'e-2	Moon		Chang'e-2 lunar orbiter/impacter
2011	Turkey	RASAT	Earth
Russia	Spektr-R	Earth		Launch of the Spektr-R radio telescope
US	Juno	Jupiter		Juno
Russia	Fobos-Grunt	Mars		Fobos-Grunt lander and sample return
Nigeria	NigComSat-1	Earth		NigComSat-1 replacement launched by China
Taiwan / Singapore	ST-2	Earth		ST-2 replacement launched by Taiwan and Singapore
Argentina / US	SAC-D	Earth		SAC-D Orbiter
2012	Iran	Navid	Earth		Navid Earth-watching satellite
US	MSL	Mars		Mars Science Laboratory with Curiosity rover—orbit and landed
North Korea	Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3	Earth		Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2, first successful North Korean orbital rocket launch after the first unit exploded shortly after launch.
Poland	PW-Sat	Earth		PW-Sat, first Polish satellite
2013	South Korea	STSAT-2C	Earth		STSAT-2C, first successful South Korean orbital rocket launch
Canada	NEOSSat	Earth		NEOSSat, monitoring near-Earth objects
Canada	Sapphire	Earth		Sapphire, military space surveillance
Ecuador	NEE 01 Pegaso	Earth		NEE-01 Pegaso, Ecuador's first satellite
Estonia	ESTCube-1	Earth		ESTCube-1, Estonia's first satellite
Europe	PROBA-V	Earth		PROBA-V, small satellite to monitor the vegetation of the Earth
UK	STRaND-1	Earth		STRaND-1, first smartphone-operated satellite to be launched and dubbed the world's first "phonesat"
Japan	Hisaki	Earth		Hisaki planetary atmosphere observatory
Canada	CASSIOPE	Earth		CASSIOPE, ionosphere research and communication satellite
India	MOM	Mars		MOM is India's first interplanetary mission to Mars. First Asian nation to reach Mars.
US	MAVEN	Mars		MAVEN orbiter
Poland	Lem	Earth		Lem, First Polish scientific satellite
2014	Lithuania	LitSat1/LituanicaSAT-1	Earth		LitSat-1 and LituanicaSAT-1, first Lithuanian satellites
Turkey	TÜRKSAT 4A	Earth		TÜRKSAT 4A, Turkey's fifth communication satellite.
Europe	Rosetta / Philae	[Comet 67P](67p-churyumov-gerasimenko)		Rosetta and Philae, Third comet landing at unintended site in suboptimal orientation due to failure of surface anchoring system
Poland	Heweliusz	Earth		Heweliusz, Second Polish scientific satellite
Japan	Hayabusa2	[162173 Ryugu](162173-ryugu)		Hayabusa2, second Japanese asteroid sample return spacecraft
Japan	PROCYON	[2000 DP107](2000-dp107)		PROCYON deep space probe
2015	US	DSCOVR	Earth-Sun L1		DSCOVR, Earth and space weather
India	Astrosat	Earth		Astrosat, Space observatory
Turkey	TÜRKSAT 4B	Earth		TÜRKSAT 4B, Turkey's sixth communication satellite.
2016	European Union / Russia	ExoMars / Schiaparelli	Mars		ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, Trace Gas Orbiter in orbit; Schiaparelli lander crashed
Canada	M3MSat	Earth		M3MSat, maritime monitoring and communication satellite
US	OSIRIS-REx	Earth		OSIRIS-REx, first American asteroid sample return spacecraft
2017	Brazil	SGDC-1	Earth		SGDC-1, communication satellite
2018	US	Tesla Roadster	Heliocentric orbit		Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster, dummy payload for the February 2018 Falcon Heavy test flight and is now an artificial satellite of the Sun
China	Queqiao	Moon		First relay satellite for far side of the Moon.
US France Germany	InSight	Mars		InSight, Mars lander for planetary information
European Union/Japan	BepiColombo	Mercury		BepiColombo, two orbiters to study the magnetic field, magnetosphere, and both interior and surface structure of Mercury. Final mission of the Horizon 2000+ programme
	US	Parker Solar Probe	Sun		Parker Solar Probe, first spacecraft to visit the outer corona of the Sun
China	Chang'e 4	Moon		Chang'e 4, first spacecraft to soft-land on the lunar far side.
2019	Egypt	NARSSCube-2	Earth		[NARSSCube-2](2019-in-spaceflight-april), Egypt's first domestically built satellite
Israel	Beresheet	Moon		Beresheet, first private space probe and moon lander, crashed
Russia / Germany	Spektr-RG	Earth-Sun L2		Launch of the Spektr-RG X-ray observatory
India	Chandrayaan-2	Moon		Chandrayaan-2, orbiter achieved orbit, but lander and rover module hit into the Moon's surface and crashed.
Ethiopia	ETRSS-1	Earth		ETRSS-1, first Ethiopian satellite; launched on China's Long March 4B rocket.

2020s

Year	Origin	Name	Target	Status	Description
2020	Turkey	TÜRKSAT 5A	Earth		TÜRKSAT 5A, Turkey's seventh communication satellite launched with SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket.
European Union	SolO	Sun		Solar Orbiter is an ESA's Sun-observing satellite.
US	Mars 2020	Mars		Perseverance, JPL's Mars rover. It was launched on July 30 with Atlas V rocket, and landed on February 18, 2021, together with the small Ingenuity helicopter that was deployed on April 4, 2021.
UAE	Hope	Mars		Hope satellite is the United Arab Emirates Space Agency's uncrewed space research project on Mars. It was launched with Japanese H-IIA rocket on 19 July and reached Mars on 9 February 2021.
China	Tianwen-1	Mars		Mission containing an orbiter, deployable and remote cameras, lander and Zhurong rover. This is China's 2nd uncrewed space research project on Mars. It was launched with Long March 5 rocket on 23 July and the orbiter, lander and rover entered Mars orbit on 10 February 2021. The rover and lander landed on 14 May with rover deployment on 22 April 2021 and dropped a remote selfie camera on Mars on 1 June 2021 and while a deployable camera made a flyby around 10 February 2021 and another deployable camera was released into Mars orbit on 31 December 2021.
China	Chang'e 5	Moon		Orbiter, Returner, Ascent Stage, Lander configuration mission, China's first automated return of samples from the Moon. orbiter visited L1 and made a lunar flyby.
2021	US	Lucy	two main belt asteroids as well as six Jupiter trojans		NASA probe that will complete a 12-year journey to nine different asteroids, visiting two main belt asteroids as well as six Jupiter trojans, asteroids which share Jupiter's orbit around the Sun, orbiting either ahead of or behind the planet. All target encounters will be fly-by encounters. It was launched on October 16, 2021, on the 401 variant of Atlas V and has yet to study a trojan asteroid.
Brazil	Amazônia-1	Earth		Amazônia-1 is the first Earth observation satellite developed by Brazil, helped by Argentina's INVAP, who provided the main computer, attitude controls and sensors, and the training of Brazilian engineers,[8] and launched at 04:54:00 UTC (10:24:00 IST) on 28 February 2021.
US	DART	a Binary [65803 Didymos](65803-didymos) asteroid system		Double Asteroid Redirection Test, NASA's first mission to test planetary defense. Its uses involves test this technique by kinetically impacting the spacecraft to produce a small change in its orbital period. It was launched on November 24 with Falcon 9 rocket. Accompanying the mission is LICIACube cubesat, a flyby mission that recorded the impact and its aftermaths.
Italy	LICIACube	a Binary [65803 Didymos](65803-didymos) asteroid system		LICIACube, Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids, is the first Agenzia Spaziale Italiana's interplanetary mission. Ideated, designed, integrated and operated entirely in Italy, it has been the witness of the first real-scale planetary defense test performed by Double Asteroid Redirection Test. LICIACube is the smallest human-made object that successfully performed a flyby of a Small Solar System body. It has been deployed two weeks before DART's impact.
US	IXPE	Earth		Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, NASA's new X-ray observatory. It was launched on December 8 with Falcon 9 rocket.
Turkey	TÜRKSAT 5B	Earth		TÜRKSAT 5B, Turkey's eighth communication satellite launched with SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket.
US / European Union / Canada	James Webb Space Telescope	Earth-Sun L2 point		James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), NASA, ESA and CSA's joint project for a space telescope. It was launched on December 25 with Ariane 5 ECA rocket to Earth-Moon L2 point.
2022	US	CAPSTONE	Near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) of Moon		CAPSTONE, Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station. It was launched with Rocket Lab Electron rocket.
US	Voyager 1 and Voyager 2	None	None
US / South Korea	Danuri (KLPO)	Moon		South Korea's first lunar orbiter launched by SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket. Danuri will serve to create topographic map of the lunar surface to pinpoint future landing sites.
US	Artemis 1 Orion MPCV CM-002	Moon		Uncrewed test of the Orion spacecraft in lunar flyby and DRO orbit.
CuSP	Heliocentric		Study particles and magnetic fields.
LunIR	Moon		Collect its surface thermography.
NEA Scout	Moon/Asteroid		Solar sail that will flyby a near-Earth asteroid.
Team Miles	Helliocentric		Demonstrate low-thrust plasma propulsion in deep space.
BioSentinel	Heliocentric		Contains yeast cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the effects of deep space radiation.
LunaH-Map	Moon		Search for evidence of lunar water ice inside permanently shadowed craters using its neutron detector.
Lunar IceCube	Moon		Its infrared spectrometer will detect water and organic compounds in the lunar surface and exosphere.
Italy	ArgoMoon	High Earth Orbit with Lunar Flybys		Image the ICPS and perform deep space Nanotechnology experiments.
Japan	OMOTENASHI	Moon		Inflatable module attempting to land semi-hard at lunar surface.
EQUULEUS	Moon/Earth Moon-L2		Image the Earth's plasmasphere, impact craters on the Moon's far side and L2 experiments.
Hakuto-R Mission 1	Moon		Lunar landing technology demonstration at Atlas Crater.
US	Lunar Flashlight	Moon		Lunar Flashlight, Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will explore, locate, and estimate size and composition of water ice deposits on the Moon for future exploitation by robots or humans. It was launched with Hakuto-R mission Mission 1.
2023	European Union	Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE)	Jupiter and Ganymede		Mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
European Union	Euclid	Earth-Sun L2 point		It is ESA's project for a space telescope to study dark matter. It was launched on July 1 with Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket to Earth-Moon L2 point.
India	Chandrayaan-3	Moon		It is India's second attempt to land on the Moon and its south pole. Successfully launched on 14 July 2023 on a LVM3 launch vehicle. Successfully landed on 23 August 2023.
Russia	Luna-25	Moon		It was a lander, launched on 10 August 2023 on Soyuz 2.1b rocket. Crashed on the Moon surface on 19 August 2023.
India	Aditya-L1	Earth-Sun L1 point		It is ISRO's first Sun dedicated scientific mission. It will perform observations of the Solar corona. Successfully launched on 2 September 2023 on a PSLV-XL rocket.
Japan / US	XRISM	Earth		X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, X-ray space telescope developed by JAXA in partnership with NASA. Successfully launched on 6 September 2023 on a H-IIA launch vehicle.
Japan	SLIM	Moon		Lunar lander developed by JAXA carrying two lunar rovers. Successfully launched on 6 September 2023 on a H-IIA launch vehicle. Successfully landed on 19 January 2024.
US	Psyche	[16 Psyche](16-psyche)		Asteroid orbiter developed by NASA. Successfully launched on 13 October 2023 on a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
2024	India	XPoSat	Earth		ISRO's mission to study X-ray polarisation. Successfully launched on 1 January 2024 on a PSLV-DL launch vehicle.
USA	Peregrine Mission One	Moon		Lunar lander developed by Astrobotic Technology and selected as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services. Successfully launched on 8 January 2024 on a Vulcan Centaur launch vehicle but landing abandoned due to excessive propellant leak.
China / European Union	Einstein Probe	Earth		X-ray space telescope developed jointly by CAS and ESA. Successfully launched on 9 January 2024 on a Long March 2C launch vehicle.
USA	IM-1	Moon		Cryogenic-propelled lunar lander developed by Intuitive Machines and selected as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services. Successfully launched on 15 February 2024 on a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and landed on its side on 22 February 2024. Accompanied by a university Cubesat lander called EagleCam to send third-party images of landing sequence back to Earth.
China	DRO A/B	Moon		Yuanzheng 1S upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit. The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit. Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft and they appear to have succeeded in reaching their desired orbit.
China	Queqiao-2	Moon		Queqiao-2 relay satellite for far side of the Moon with Tiandu-1 and 2 to test future lunar satellite constellation technologies.
China	Chang'e 6	Moon		Orbiter, Returner, Ascent Stage, Lander, Rover configuration mission, China's first automated return of samples from the far side of the Moon. orbiter visited L2.
Pakistan	ICUBE-Q	Moon		Piggybacking as the first Pakistani lunar mission along with Chang'e 6.
China / France	Space Variable Objects Monitor	Earth		X-ray space telescope developed jointly by CNES and CNSA. Successfully launched on 22 June 2024 on a Long March 2C launch vehicle.
EU	Hera	[65803 Didymos](65803-didymos)		European component of AIDA, a NASA-ESA asteroid deflection test cooperation, aimed at studying the effects of the NEO's impact created by NASA's DART mission using [65803 Didymos](65803-didymos)'s moon (Dimorphos) as a target. Successfully launched on 7 October 2024 on a Falcon 9 launch vehicle.
USA	Europa Clipper	Jupiter and Europa		NASA launched the Europa Clipper on 14 October 2024 on a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle, which will study the Jovian moon Europa while in orbit around Jupiter.
EU	PROBA-3	Earth		solar Coronagraph and Occulter dual satellites developed by ESA. Successfully launched on 5 December 2024 on a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
2025	USA	Blue Ghost M1	Moon		Lunar landing technology demonstration at Mare Crisium. Launched on 15 January 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Hakuto-R Mission 2. Landed on 2 March 2025.
	Japan	Hakuto-R Mission 2	Moon		Lunar landing technology demonstration at Mare Frigoris. Launched on 15 January 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Blue Ghost M1. Carried a rover named Tenacious to lunar surface. Failed Landing.
	USA	IM-2	Moon		Lunar landing technology demonstration at Mare Frigoris. Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Lunar Trailblazer and Brokkr-2 and landed on its side on 6 March 2025 and the mission ended sooner without conducting useful science and surface operations. Carried AstroAnt, Yaoki, Micro-Nova and MAPP LV1 rovers to lunar surface.
	USA	Lunar Trailblazer	Moon		Lunar orbiter aimed to aid in the understanding of lunar water and the Moon's water cycle. Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Brokkr-2, Chimera-1 and IM-2.
	USA	Brokkr-2	[2022 OB5](2022-ob5)		last=Foust	first=Jeff	url=https://spacenews.com/asteroid-mining-startup-astroforge-to-launch-first-missions-this-year-2/	title=Asteroid mining startup AstroForge to launch first missions this year	date=30 January 2023	access-date=13 December 2023	work=SpaceNews.com}} Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Lunar Trailblazer, Chimera-1 and IM-2.
	USA	Chimera-1	Moon		Failed lunar flyby Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Lunar Trailblazer, Brokkr-2 and IM-2.
China	Tianwen-2	[469219 Kamoʻoalewa](469219-kamo-oalewa) and [311P/PANSTARRS](311p-panstarrs)		Tianwen-2 asteroid orbiter, lander and sample return. Launched on a Long March 3B launch vehicle on 29 May 2025.
USA	Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe	Earth-Sun L1 point		It is NASA's heliophysics mission that simultaneously investigates two important and coupled science topics in the heliosphere: the acceleration of energetic particles and interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium.. It was launched on September 24 with Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket to Earth-Moon L1 point with Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1 and Carruthers Geocorona Observatory.
USA	Carruthers Geocorona Observatory	Earth-Sun L1 point		It is NASA's project, which will survey ultraviolet light emitted by Earth's outermost atmospheric layer, the exosphere, and geocorona. It was launched on September 24 with Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket to Earth-Moon L1 point with Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe and Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1.
USA	Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1	Earth-Sun L1 point		It is NOAA's mission to monitor signs of solar storms, which may pose harm to Earth's telecommunication network. It was launched on September 24 with Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket to Earth-Moon L1 point with Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe and Carruthers Geocorona Observatory.

References

(1970). "Vanguard: A History". Scientific and Technical Information Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
"NASA Major Launch Record".
Perry, Robert. (October 1973). "A History of Satellite Reconnaissance Volume 1 - Corona". National Reconnaissance Office.
"In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 5 – Solar System Exploration: NASA Science". Solar System Exploration: NASA Science.
"Ranger 1".
"Ranger 2".
"Ranger 3".
"Ranger 4".
(1998). "Discussion". Space Policy.
"Ranger 5".
"Pioneer 6: NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1965-105A". NASA.
"Surveyor 1: NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1966-045A". NASA.
"Surveyor 2".
"Surveyor 3".
"Surveyor 4".
"Surveyor 5".
"Surveyor 6".
"Surveyor 7".
"Mariner 6".
"Mariner 7".
"Azur".
[https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ans/ans.html] Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet (ANS)
"ETRSS 1".
"Solar Orbiter".
"ESA Science & Technology - Solar Orbiter".
"ESA - Solar Orbiter".
Hille, Karl. (2019-10-21). "NASA's Lucy Mission Clears Critical Milestone". NASA.
"NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Discovers 2nd Asteroid During Dinkinesh Flyby".
Chang, Kenneth. (6 January 2017). "A Metal Ball the Size of Massachusetts That NASA Wants to Explore". The New York Times.
"Voyager is sending 'impossible data' back to Nasa from the edge of the Solar System". news.yahoo.com.
"Engineers Investigating NASA's Voyager 1 Telemetry Data".
"Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down". Scientific American.
"Госкорпорация "Роскосмос"".
Jones, Andrew. (2024-03-14). "Surprise Chinese lunar mission hit by launch anomaly".
Jones, Andrew. (2024-08-20). "Chinese spacecraft appear to reach lunar orbit despite launch setback".
Jones, Andrew. (2024-03-28). "China appears to be trying to save stricken spacecraft from lunar limbo".
(27 February 2025). "Intuitive Machines' IM-2 Lunar Lander Successfully Commissioned and En Route to the Moon".
Foust, Jeff. (30 January 2023). "Asteroid mining startup AstroForge to launch first missions this year". SpaceNews.com.
"GLIDE (Carruthers Geocorona Observatory)". Gunter's Space Page.
"NASA Selects Heliophysics Missions of Opportunity for Space Science Research and Technology Demonstration". NASA.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

satellites spaceflight-timelines space-probes

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report