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TiHKAL

1997 book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin

Field	Value
name	TiHKAL: The Continuation
image	Tihkal.jpg
image_size	200px
caption	Cover of TiHKAL, 1st ed.
author	Alexander and Ann Shulgin
country	United States
subject	Pharmacology, Autobiography, Psychedelic drugs
publisher	Transform Press
release_date	1997
media_type	Paperback
pages	xxviii, 804 p.
isbn	0-9630096-9-9
oclc	38503252
preceded_by	PiHKAL (1991)

TiHKAL: The Continuation, also known as Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved, is a 1997 book written by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin. It is about a family of psychoactive drugs known as tryptamines, which includes psychedelics, other hallucinogens, and entactogens. The book has two halves, and the second part of the book contains detailed entries on 55tryptamines. TiHKAL is a sequel to PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) (1991).

Content

TiHKAL, much like its predecessor PiHKAL, is divided into two parts. The first part, for which all rights are reserved, begins with a fictionalized autobiography, picking up where the similar section of PiHKAL left off; it then continues with a collection of essays on topics ranging from psychotherapy and the Jungian mind to the prevalence of DMT in nature, ayahuasca and the war on drugs.

The second part of TiHKAL, which may be conditionally distributed for non-commercial reproduction , is a detailed synthesis manual for 55tryptamines (many discovered by Alexander Shulgin himself), including their chemical structures, doses, durations, and commentary. It includes entries on compounds including simple tryptamines like dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocin, and 5-MeO-DMT, α-alkyltryptamines like α-methyltryptamine (AMT), β-carbolines or harmala alkaloids like harmaline, the iboga alkaloid ibogaine, and lysergamides like LSD. Whereas PiHKAL had 179entries on phenethylamines, TiHKAL has only 55entries. Shulgin has made the second part freely available on Erowid while the first part is available only in the printed text.

Members of Shulgin's research who contributed to the experience reports included Shulgin himself, Ann Shulgin, Myron Stolaroff, and Jean Stolaroff, among others.

Response

As with PiHKAL, the Shulgins were motivated to release the synthesis information as a way to protect the public's access to information about psychedelic compounds, a goal Alexander Shulgin has noted many times. Following a raid of his laboratory in 1994 by the United States DEA, Richard Meyer, spokesman for DEA's San Francisco Field Division, stated that "It is our opinion that those books referring to the previous work, PiHKAL are pretty much cookbooks on how to make ‘controlled drugs’. Agents tell me that in clandestine labs that they have raided, they have found copies of those books."

Notable compounds

Some compounds in TiHKAL, including [dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin (4-PO-DMT), psilocin (4-HO-DMT), bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), 5-MeO-DMT, α-methyltryptamine (AMT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), harmaline, and ibogaine, are widely known and/or used hallucinogens.

Tryptamines listed

#	Substance	Chemical name	Group	Dosea	Duration	Link
1	AL-LAD (6-allyl-6-nor-LSD)	6-Allyl-N,N-diethyl-NL	Lysergamide	80–160 μg	6–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal01.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal01.shtml)
2	DBT (dibutyltryptamine)	N,N-Dibutyl-T	Tryptamine	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal02.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal02.shtml)
3	DET (diethyltryptamine)	N,N-Diethyl-T	Tryptamine	50–100 mg	2–4 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal03.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal03.shtml)
4	DiPT (diisopropyltryptamine)	N,N-Diisopropyl-T	Tryptamine	25–100 mg	6–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal04.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal04.shtml)
5	[α,O-DMS](5-meo-amt) (5-MeO-AMT)	5-Methoxy-α-methyl-T	α-Alkyltryptamine	2.5–4.5 mg	12–18 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal05.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal05.shtml)
6	DMT (dimethyltryptamine)	N,N-Dimethyl-T	Tryptamine	Variousb	Up to 1 hour	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml)
7	[2,α-DMT](2-a-dmt) (2-methyl-AMT)	2,α-Dimethyl-T	α-Alkyltryptamine	300–500 mg	7–10 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal07.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal07.shtml)
8	α,N-DMT (N-methyl-AMT)	α,N-Dimethyl-T	α-Alkyltryptamine	50–100 mg	6–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal08.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal08.shtml)
9	DPT (dipropyltryptamine)	N,N-Dipropyl-T	Tryptamine	100–250 mg	2–4 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal09.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal09.shtml)
10	EiPT (ethylisopropyltryptamine)	N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl-T	Tryptamine	24–40 mg	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal10.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal10.shtml)
11	α-ET (AET; α-ethyltryptamine)	α-Ethyl-T	α-Alkyltryptamine	100–150 mg	6–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal11.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal11.shtml)
12	ETH-LAD (6-ethyl-6-nor-LSD)	6,N,N-Triethyl-NL	Lysergamide	40–150 μg	8–12 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal12.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal12.shtml)
13	Harmaline (dihydroharmine)	3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-BC	β-Carboline	150–300 mg	5–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal13.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal13.shtml)
14	Harmine	7-Methoxy-1-methyl-BC	β-Carboline	300 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal14.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal14.shtml)
15	[4-HO-DBT](4-ho-dbt)	N,N-Dibutyl-4-hydroxy-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	20 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal15.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal15.shtml)
16	[4-HO-DET](4-ho-det)	N,N-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	10–25 mg	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal16.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal16.shtml)
17	[4-HO-DiPT](4-ho-dipt)	N,N-Diisopropyl-4-hydroxy-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	15–20 mg	2–3 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal17.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal17.shtml)
18	4-HO-DMT (psilocin)	N,N-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	10–20 mg	3–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal18.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal18.shtml)
19	5-HO-DMT (bufotenin)	N,N-Dimethyl-5-hydroxy-T	5-Hydroxytryptamine	8–16 mg i.v.	1–2 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal19.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal19.shtml)
20	[4-HO-DPT](4-ho-dpt)	N,N-Dipropyl-4-hydroxy-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal20.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal20.shtml)
21	[4-HO-MET](4-ho-met)	N-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	10–20 mg	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal21.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal21.shtml)
22	[4-HO-MiPT](4-ho-mipt)	4-Hydroxy-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	12–25 mg	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal22.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal22.shtml)
23	[4-HO-MPT](4-ho-mpt)	4-Hydroxy-N-methyl-N-propyl-T	4-Hydroxytryptamine	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal23.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal23.shtml)
24	[4-HO-pyr-T](4-ho-pyr-t)	4-Hydroxy-N,N-tetramethylene-T	Pyrrolidinylethylindole	20 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal24.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal24.shtml)
25	Ibogaine	A complexly substituted-T	Azepinoindole	Variousc	"Quite long"	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal25.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal25.shtml)
26	LSD (METH-LAD)	N,N-Diethyl-L	Lysergamide	60–200 μg	8–12 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal26.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal26.shtml)
27	MBT (methylbutyltryptamine)	N-Butyl-N-methyl-T	Tryptamine	250–400 mg	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal27.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal27.shtml)
28	[4,5-MDO-DiPT](4-5-mdo-dipt)	N,N-Diisopropyl-4,5-methylenedioxy-T	Other	25 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal28.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal28.shtml)
29	[5,6-MDO-DiPT](5-6-mdo-dipt)	N,N-Diisopropyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T	Other	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal29.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal29.shtml)
30	[4,5-MDO-DMT](4-5-mdo-dmt)	N,N-Dimethyl-4,5-methylenedioxy-T	Other	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal30.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal30.shtml)
31	[5,6-MDO-DMT](5-6-mdo-dmt)	N,N-Dimethyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T	Other	5 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal31.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal31.shtml)
32	[5,6-MDO-MiPT](5-6-mdo-mipt)	N-Isopropyl-N-methyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T	Other	50 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal32.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal32.shtml)
33	[2-Me-DET](2-me-det) (2-methyl-DET)	N,N-Diethyl-2-methyl-T	Other	80–120 mg	6–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal33.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal33.shtml)
34	[2-Me-DMT](2-n-n-tmt) (2-methyl-DMT)	2,N,N-Trimethyl-T	Other	50–100 mg	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal34.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal34.shtml)
35	Melatonin (5-MeO-NAcT)	N-Acetyl-5-methoxy-T	N-Acetyltryptamine	1–10 mg	"A few hours"	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal35.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal35.shtml)
36	[5-MeO-DET](5-meo-det)	N,N-Diethyl-5-methoxy-T	5-Methoxytryptamine	1–3 mg	3–4 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal36.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal36.shtml)
37	[5-MeO-DiPT](5-meo-dipt)	N,N-Diisopropyl-5-methoxy-T	5-Methoxytryptamine	6–12 mg	4–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal37.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal37.shtml)
38	[5-MeO-DMT](5-meo-dmt)	5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-T	5-Methoxytryptamine	Variousd	1–2 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal38.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal38.shtml)
39	[4-MeO-MiPT](4-meo-mipt)	N-Isopropyl-4-methoxy-N-methyl-T	Other	20–30 mg	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal39.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal39.shtml)
40	[5-MeO-MiPT](5-meo-mipt)	N-Isopropyl-5-methoxy-N-methyl-T	5-Methoxytryptamine	4–6 mge	4–6 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal40.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal40.shtml)
41	[5,6-MeO-MiPT](5-6-meo-mipt)	5,6-Dimethoxy-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-T	Other	75 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal41.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal41.shtml)
42	[5-MeO-NMT](5-meo-nmt)	5-Methoxy-N-methyl-T	5-Methoxytryptamine	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal42.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal42.shtml)
43	[5-MeO-pyr-T](5-meo-pyr-t)	5-Methoxy-N,N-tetramethylene-T	Pyrrolidinylethylindole	0.5–2 mg	"Several hours"	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal43.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal43.shtml)
44	[6-MeO-THH](6-meo-thh)	6-Methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-BC	β-Carboline	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal44.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal44.shtml)
45	[5-MeO-TMT](5-meo-tmt)	5-Methoxy-2,N,N-trimethyl-T	Other	75–150 mg	5–10 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal45.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal45.shtml)
46	[5-MeS-DMT](5-mes-dmt)	N,N-Dimethyl-5-methylthio-T	Other	15–30 mg sm.		[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal46.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal46.shtml)
47	MiPT (methylisopropyltryptamine)	N-Isopropyl-N-methyl-T	Tryptamine	10–25 mg	3–4 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal47.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal47.shtml)
48	α-MT (AMT; α-methyltryptamine)	α-Methyl-T	α-Alkyltryptamine	15–30 mgf	12–16 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal48.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal48.shtml)
49	NET (N-ethyltryptamine)	N-Ethyl-T	Tryptamine	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal49.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal49.shtml)
50	NMT (N-methyltryptamine)	N-Methyl-T	Tryptamine	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml)
51	PRO-LAD (6-propyl-6-nor-LSD)	6-Propyl-NL	Lysergamide	100–200 μg	6–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal51.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal51.shtml)
52	pyr-T (pyrrolidinyltryptamine)	N,N-Tetramethylene-T	Pyrrolidinylethylindole	Unknown	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal52.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal52.shtml)
53	T (tryptamine)	Tryptamine	Tryptamine	250 mg i.v.	"Very short"	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal53.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal53.shtml)
54	Tetrahydroharmine (THH)	7-Methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-BC	β-Carboline	300 mg	Unknown	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal54.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal54.shtml)
55	α,N,O-TMS (5-MeO-α,N-DMT)	α,N-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-T	α-Alkyltryptamine	10–20 mg	6–8 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal55.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal55.shtml)
56	[5-MeO-DALT](5-meo-dalt)g	5-Methoxy-N,N-diallyl-T	5-Methoxytryptamine	12–20 mg	2–4 hours	[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/5meo_dalt/5meo_dalt_info1.shtml](https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/5meo_dalt/5meo_dalt_info1.shtml) [https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/read/tk/56](https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/read/tk/56)
57	DALT (diallyltryptamine)g	N,N-Diallyl-T	Tryptamine	40 mg	Unknown	[https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/read/tk/57](https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/read/tk/57)
Acronyms (in chemical names): T = tryptamine; BC = β-carboline; L = lysergamide; NL = [6-norlysergamide](6-norlysergamide). Footnotes: a = Dose and duration for compounds are orally unless otherwise specified. b = DMT doses are 350mg orally, 60–100mg intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or smoked, and 4–30mg intravenously. c = Ibogaine dose is "from hundreds of [mg] up to [1g] or more". d = [5-MeO-DMT](5-meo-dmt) doses are 6–20mg smoked and 2–3 mg intravenously. e = [5-MeO-MiPT](5-meo-mipt) doses are 4–6mg orally and 12–20mg smoked. f = AMT doses are 15–30 mg orally and 5–20 mg smoked. g = The [5-MeO-DALT](5-meo-dalt) (#56) and DALT (#57) entries were not included in the published version of TiHKAL and were subsequently released in 2004.

In addition to TiHKAL, Shulgin has also described the properties of psychedelic tryptamines in humans in literature reviews.

References

Ben Sessa. (2015). "The Psychedelic Policy Quagmire: Health, Law, Freedom, and Society". Bloomsbury Publishing.
(1997). "TiHKAL: The Continuation". [[Transform Press]].
{{CitePiHKAL
(2021). "Better Living Through Chemistry". Better Living Through Film, Incorporated.
(2018). "Self-Experiments with Psychoactive Substances: A Historical Perspective". Handb Exp Pharmacol.
Bennett, Drake. (2005-01-30). "Dr. Ecstasy". New York Times Magazine.
(2004-01-08). "DEA Raid of Shulgin's Laboratory". Erowid.
(2010-05-02). "The Last Interview With Alexander Shulgin".
(1994). "Hallucinogens: An Update". National Institute on Drug Abuse.
(2003). "Hallucinogens: A Forensic Drug Handbook". Elsevier Science.
Shulgin, Alexander T.. (1978). "Stimulants". Springer US.
(1980). "Burger's Medicinal Chemistry". Wiley.
(1982). "Psychotropic Agents, Part III: Alcohol and Psychotomimetics, Psychotropic Effects of Central Acting Drugs". Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

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