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Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima
1961 composition by Krzysztof Penderecki
1961 composition by Krzysztof Penderecki
| Field | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| name | Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima | ||
| image | Hiroshima 10km.jpg | ||
| caption | Atomic cloud over Hiroshima, 1945 | ||
| composer | Krzysztof Penderecki | ||
| native_name | Tren – ofiarom Hiroszimy | ||
| native_name_lang | pl | ||
| full_title | |||
| year | |||
| period | Contemporary, postmodernism | ||
| genre | Threnody | ||
| style | Sonorism, avant-garde | ||
| form | Orchestral piece | ||
| misc | |||
| 4th Place{{efn | name | fn1 | The UNESCO prize is not restricted to choosing a single winner, rather, the Rostrum may choose any number of winners who are then listed in their order of selection.}} |
| UNESCO Tribune Internationale des Compositeurs (1961) | |||
| dedication | Victims and *Hibakusha* of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima | ||
| publisher | Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne | ||
| Polskie Nagrania Warszawa | |||
| duration | |||
| premiere_date | |||
| premiere_location | Warsaw Autumn Festival | ||
| premiere_conductor | Andrzej Markowski | ||
| premiere_performers | Krakow Philharmonic | ||
| Symphony Orchestra |
Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima for 52 string instruments Awards{{plainlist| 4th Place UNESCO Tribune Internationale des Compositeurs (1961) 3rd Degree Polish Ministry of Culture and Art Award (1962) Polskie Nagrania Warszawa Symphony Orchestra](krakow-philharmonic-orchestra) Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima, also translated as Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima (), is a musical composition for 52 string instruments composed in 1961 by Krzysztof Penderecki. Dedicated to the residents and hibakusha who were killed or wounded in Hiroshima during the first-ever wartime usage of an atomic weapon, Penderecki's threnody won the Tribune Internationale des Compositeurs UNESCO prize in 1961.
Description
The 52 string instruments indicated in the piece's full title are 24 violins, 10 violas, 10 cellos and 8 double basses. The piece's written length is about 8 minutes and 37 seconds. Originally called 8'37", the piece applies the sonoristic technique which tends to focus on specific characteristics and qualities of timbre, texture, articulation, dynamics, and motion in an attempt to create freer form, and rigors of specific counterpoint to an ensemble of strings treated to unconventional scoring. Penderecki's stated intent with the composition was to "develop a new musical language". Penderecki later said, "It existed only in my imagination, in a somewhat abstract way." When he heard an actual performance, "I was struck by the emotional charge of the work ... I searched for associations and, in the end, I decided to dedicate it to the Hiroshima victims".
The 52 string instruments meld together in sonoristic manipulation and counterpoint in a manner which, according to reviewer Paul Griffiths, makes the listener "uneasy by choosing to refer to an event too terrible for string orchestral screams". Threnody's sustained tone clusters and various extended techniques – including a riot of varying vibrato, slapped instruments, playing on the tailpiece and behind the bridge – are matched by an optical notation full of thick black lines.
Usage in media
Excerpts from Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima have been used in Alfonso Cuarón's 2006 film Children of Men, Wes Craven's 1991 social thriller The People Under the Stairs, the third season of David Lynch and Mark Frost's TV series Twin Peaks, and Gerry Anderson's 1969 film Journey to the Far Side of the Sun. In music, excerpts from Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima are sampled in one version of Manic Street Preachers's 1991 song You Love Us and in SebastiAn's 2010 release Bird Games.
Notes
References
References
- (15 March 2017). "International Rostrum of Composers".
- (1 December 2017). "The Warsaw Autumn International Festival of Contemporary Music – Transformations of Programming Policies". Musicology Today.
- (1989). "The Warsaw Autumn International Festival of Contemporary Music 1956–1961: Its Goals, Structures, Programs, and People". [[Ohio State University]].
- Krzysztof Penderecki. (1988). "Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima Tren ofiarom Hiroszimy (1980); Viola concerto (1983)". Conifer Records.
- Krzysztof Penderecki. (1961). "Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima for 52 strings = Threnos den opfern von Hiroschima fúr 52 saiteninstrumente". Deshon Music.
- (27 February 1977). "A Composer Praises God as One Who Lives in Darkness". The New York Times.
- "Oficjalna strona Krzysztofa Pendereckiego [en]".
- (15 March 2017). "International Rostrum of Composers – FAQ".
- "Relations with UNESCO".
- Maslowiec, Anna. (2008). "Sonorism and the Polish Avant-Garde 1958–1964". The University of Sydney, Conservatorium of Music.
- (1961). "Ofiarom Hiroszimy: Tren: Na 52 Instrumenty Smyczkowe = To The Victims of Hiroshima: Threnody: For 52 Stringed Instruments". Warszawa: Polskie Wydawn. Muzyczne.
- (1996). "Norton Anthology of Western Music". W. W. Norton.
- Thomas, Adrian. (2008). "Polish Music since Szymanowski". Cambridge University Press.
- (1985). "Compositional Techniques and Use of the Chorus in Five Selected Choral Works of Krzysztof Penderecki (Avant-Garde, Twentieth-Century Notation)". [[University of Cincinnati – College-Conservatory of Music.
- Ashby, Arved. (2004). "The Pleasure of Modernist Music: Listening, Meaning, Intention, Ideology". Boydell & Brewer.
- (1976). "Review of Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima, Penderecki, K.". The Musical Times.
- (1 February 2017). "Experiencing Structure in Penderecki's Threnody: Analysis, Ear-Training, and Musical Understanding". Music Theory Spectrum.
- (1963). "Krzysztof Penderecki and his Contribution to Modern Musical Notation". The University of Illinois Press on behalf of the Polish Institute of Arts & Sciences of America.
- Pappademas, Alex. (9 March 2012). "Radiohead's Runaway Guitarist". The New York Times.
- Doherty, Mike. (13 March 2012). "Album Reviews: Jonny Greenwood and David Byrne meet their heroes". National Post (Canada).
- "Classical Music in Movies : P – Classical Soundtrack and Classical Background Music.".
- (1998). "Wes Craven: The Art of Horror". McFarland.
- (26 June 2017). "'Twin Peaks' Season 3, Episode 8: White Light White Heat". The New York Times.
- (26 June 2017). "Last Night's Terrifying 'Twin Peaks' Will Be Remembered as One of the Best Episodes of Television Ever".
- Robert Parrish, director. (27 August 1969). "Journey to the Far Side of the Sun". Century 21 Cinema Productions.
- (2012). "Nailed to History: The Story of the Manic Street Preachers". Omnibus.
- "SebastiAn (Producer)'s 'Bird Games (Interlude)' – Discover the Sample Source".
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