Surf Wiki
Save to docs
general/abbreviations

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Three-letter acronym

Abbreviation consisting of three letters

Abbreviation consisting of three letters

A three-letter acronym (TLA), or three-letter abbreviation is, as the phrase suggests, an abbreviation consisting of three letters. The term has a special status among abbreviations and to some is considered humorous since the term TLA is itself a three-letter acronym; it is an autological word.

Most TLAs are initialisms (the initial letter of each word of a phrase), but most are not acronyms in the strict sense since they are pronounced by saying each letter, as in APA . Some are true acronyms (pronounced as a word) such as CAT (as in CAT scan) which is pronounced as the animal.

Examples

Editors' note: Comprehensive lists of TLAs can be found at :Category:Wikipedia lists of TLAs. The following is a list of ILLUSTRATIVE examples. By all means add new categories and illustrative examples of those new categories. - However ***** PLEASE DO NOT ADD ENDLESS LISTS OF EXAMPLES – THEY ARE ALREADY COVERED BY :Category:Wikipedia lists of TLAs. ***** -

  • Academic testing: ACT, SAT
  • Air Navigation Services (ANS): AIS, ATC, ATM, ATS, CNS, FIS, MET, and SAR
  • IATA airport codes: LAX and LHR
  • Business: CEO, CFO, and other C-level officers
  • Canine registries: AKC and CKC
  • Chemistry, biology, and pharmaceuticals: GMO, LSD, and MSG
  • Clinical medicine: CAD, CHF, PSA, and SOB
  • Communications shorthand: LOL and OMG
  • Computing: CPU, DOS, RAM, ROM, and GNU
  • Corporations: BMW, IBM, AMD, KFC and NEC
  • Countries: USA, CAR, UAE, DRC, etc.
  • Currency: USD, GBP, RMB, and CHF
  • Famous people: SRK, FDR, JFK, MJK, MLK, OBL, RBG, RDJ, RFK, and RMS
  • File extensions: JPG, PDF, and XLS
  • Military and weaponry: BFR and RPG
  • Musical groups: R.E.M., XTC, TLC, E.L.O., MC5, GBH, O.A.R., MDC, D.R.I., JFA
  • Personal advertisements: SBM for single black male, STR for short-term relationship
  • Political parties: BJP, CCP, GOP, and AAP
  • Religion: LDS, SBC, and SDA
  • Ship prefixes: HMS, USS, and RMS
  • Sports organizations: NFL, MLB, (North America); AFL, and NRL (Australia); NPB (Japan); ACB, LFP (Spain); IPL (India), EPL (England), WBO
  • State postal abbreviations: NSW, QLD, VIC, and TAS (Australia)
  • Television networks: ABC (Australia, U.S.), BBC (UK), CBC (Canada, Japan), and NHK (Japan)
  • Three-letter agencies: CIA, FBI, CBI, FSB, and NSA
  • Traffic offenses: DUI, DWI, GTA
  • Universities: LSU, NYU, USC
  • Wars and political conflicts: HYW and WWI

History and origins

The exact phrase three-letter acronym appeared in the sociology literature in 1975. Three-letter acronyms were used as mnemonics in biological sciences, from 1977 and their practical advantage was promoted by Weber in 1982. They are used in many other fields, but the term TLA is particularly associated with computing. In 1980, the manual for the Sinclair ZX81 home computer used and explained TLA. The specific generation of three-letter acronyms in computing was mentioned in a JPL report of 1982. In 1988, in a paper titled "On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computing Science", eminent computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra wrote (disparagingly), "No endeavour is respectable these days without a TLA" By 1992 it was in a Microsoft handbook.

Combinatorics

The number of possible three-letter abbreviations using the 26 letters of the alphabet from A to Z (AAA, AAB, ... to ZZY, ZZZ) is 26 × 26 × 26 = 17,576. Allowing a single digit 0–9 increases this by 26 × 26 × 10 = 6,760 for each position, such as 2FA, P2P, or WW2, giving a total of 37,856 such three-character strings .

Out of the 17,576 possible TLAs that can be created using 3 uppercase letters, at least 94% of them had been used at least once in a dataset of 18 million scientific article abstracts. Three-letter acronyms are the most common type of acronym in scientific research papers, with acronyms of length 3 being twice as common as those of length 2 or 4.

In standard English, WWW is the TLA whose pronunciation requires the most syllables—typically nine. The usefulness of a TLA typically comes from its being quicker to say than the phrase it represents; however saying 'WWW' in English requires three times as many syllables as the phrase it is meant to abbreviate (World Wide Web). "WWW" is sometimes abbreviated to "dubdubdub" in speech.

References

References

  1. Levy, M. J.. (1975). "Review of ''The Logic of Social Systems''". [[American Journal of Sociology]].
  2. (1977). "Chromosomal Differentiation and the Sources of the South American Species of ''Epilobium'' (Onagraceae)". Journal of Biogeography.
  3. Weber, W. A.. (1982). "Mnemonic Three-Letter Acronyms for the Families of Vascular Plants: A Device for More Effective Herbarium Curation". Taxon.
  4. (1995). "Literary Metaphors and Other Linguistic Innovations in Computer Language". The English Journal.
  5. [[Steve Vickers (academia). Steven Vickers]] ''ZX81 Basic Programming'', Sinclair Research Limited, page 161 "As you can see, everything has a three letter abbreviation (TLA)."
  6. [https://tmo.jpl.nasa.gov/progress_report/42-70/70R.PDF TDA Progress Report] R. Hull (1982) An Introduction to the new Productivity Information Management System page 176
  7. [https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/transcriptions/EWD10xx/EWD1036.html On the cruelty of really teaching computer science]
  8. Dan Gookin (1992) ''The Microsoft Guide to Optimizing Windows'' page 211
  9. (2020-07-23). "The growth of acronyms in the scientific literature". eLife.
  10. (May 2011). "DigiSpeak: A Glossary of the New Lingo". Bryn Mawr College Alumnae Association.
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

abbreviations acronyms
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Three-letter acronym — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report