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Thiocyanic acid

Chemical compound (H–S–C≡N)

Chemical compound (H–S–C≡N)

Thiocyanic acid is a chemical compound with the formula and structure , which exists as a tautomer with isothiocyanic acid (). The isothiocyanic acid tautomer tends to dominate with the compound being about 95% isothiocyanic acid in the vapor phase.

:[[File:Thiocyanic Acid Tautomerism V.1.svg|200px|thumbnail|left|Tautomerism between thiocyanic acid (left) and isothiocyanic acid (right)]]

It is a moderately strong acid, with a pKa of 1.1 at 20 °C and extrapolated to zero ionic strength.

One of the thiocyanic acid tautomers, HSCN, is predicted to have a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen. Thiocyanic acid has been observed spectroscopically.

The salts and esters of thiocyanic acid are known as thiocyanates. The salts are composed of the thiocyanate ion () and a suitable cation (e.g., potassium thiocyanate, KSCN). The esters of thiocyanic acid have the general structure , where R stands for an organyl group.

Isothiocyanic acid, HNCS, is a Lewis acid whose free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes for its 1:1 association with a variety of Lewis bases in carbon tetrachloride solution at 25 °C have been reported.

Thiocyanuric acid is a stable trimer of thiocyanic acid.

References

References

  1. ''[[Merck Index]]'', 11th Edition, '''9257'''.
  2. "[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Thiocyanic-acid Thiocyanic acid]" entry in [[PubChem]] (database).
  3. von Richter, Victor. (1922). "Organic Chemistry or Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds". P. Blakiston's Son & Co..
  4. "Thiocyanic acid".
  5. [[International Labour Organization. ILO]] and [[World Health Organization
  6. (1942). Forschungen und Fortschritte
  7. Brown, Jay A. (ed.; 2024), "[https://haz-map.com/Agents/19869 Thiocyanic Acid]" in [[Haz-Map]] (database). [[Engineered IT]].
  8. (2001). "Inorganic Chemistry". Academic Press.
  9. (1950). "The Structure and Dipole Moment of Isothiocyanic Acid". [[The Journal of Chemical Physics]].
  10. (23 January 2013). "Where is the Border Line between Strong Acids and Weak Acids?". World Journal of Chemical Education.
  11. (2001). "NIST Database 46". National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  12. (2001). "Photolysis of Isothiocyanic Acid HNCS in Low-Temperature Matrices. Infrared Detection of HSCN and HSNC Isomers". [[Chemical Physics Letters]].
  13. (1969). "Spectra and hydrogen-bonding of characteristics of thiocyanic acid. Part 4.—Association with weak proton acceptors". Trans. Faraday Soc..
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