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Thioacetazone

Chemical compound

Chemical compound

| Drugs.com =

Thioacetazone (INN, BAN), also known as amithiozone (USAN), is an oral antibiotic which is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It has fallen into almost complete disuse due to toxicity and the introduction of improved anti-tuberculosis drugs like isoniazid. The drug has only weak activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is only useful in preventing resistance to more powerful drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin. It is never used on its own to treat tuberculosis; it is used in a similar way to ethambutol.

There is no advantage to using thioacetazone if the regimen used already contains ethambutol, but many countries in sub-Saharan Africa still use thioacetazone because it is extremely cheap. Use of thioacetazone is declining because it can cause severe (sometimes fatal) skin reactions in HIV positive patients.

The biological target of thioacetazone has proven elusive and its mechanism of action remains unknown, although it is thought to interfere with mycolic acid synthesis.

Adverse effects

One of the documented adverse effects of thioacetazone is the excessive accumulation of serum (or blood plasma) in the brain. Another is weakening of the thyroid glands. These were found in a treatment combining conteben with PAS acid p-amino-salicylic acid.

References

References

  1. (2 December 1993). "Dictionary of Natural Products". CRC Press.
  2. (1993). "Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia". The Pharmaceutical Press.
  3. "List of Antituberculosis agents - Generics Only". Drugs.com.
  4. (2011). "Antituberculosis Chemotherapy". Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers.
  5. (January 2001). "Tuberculosis treatment: dangerous regimens?". The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
  6. (1993). "Thiacetazone--avoid like poison or use with care?". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
  7. (29 October 2010). "Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics: A Clinical Review of Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Drugs". CRC Press.
  8. (August 1952). "Hypothyroidism and cerebral edema following combined treatment of tuberculosis with conteben (TB I 698) and p-amino-salicylic acid". Acta Medica Scandinavica.
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antibiotics anti-tuberculosis-drugs acetanilides thioureas thiosemicarbazones
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