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Thiamine monophosphate

Thiamine monophosphate, also known as ThMP and TMP, is a phosphate ester of thiamine.

It is an intermediate from the hydrolysis of thiamine diphosphate to free thiamine by alkaline phosphatase. The conversion of ThMP to thiamine cannot be facilitated by acid hydrolysis. ThMP is also enzymatically synthesized by thiamine-phosphate pyrophosphorylase, which combines thiazole in its monophosphate form and pyrimidine as a pyrophosphate.

The physiological function of ThMP has not been identified.

Physiological presence

In whole human blood, both ThMP and free thiamine are present in lower concentrations as compared to TPP, but they are found in low amounts in plasma. ThMP is the only phosphorylated thiamine derivative found in human cerebral spinal fluid.

It occurs naturally in bovine milk.

In rats, approximately 64% of the total thiamine in plasma exists in its the monophosphate form. After injection of ThMP into the femoral vein of rats, it was quickly transported to the cerebral tissue without chemical modification, but the average transport rate was 5-10 times slower than that of thiamine.

References

References

  1. (June 2003). "Simultaneous liquid chromatographic assessment of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate in human erythrocytes: a study on alcoholics". Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences.
  2. (2018). "Thiamin". Elsevier.
  3. (January 2017). "Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia, and High Calorie Malnutrition". Academic Press.
  4. (October 2010). "Thiamine status in humans and content of phosphorylated thiamine derivatives in biopsies and cultured cells". PLOS ONE.
  5. (September 1952). "The determination of thiamine and thiamine phosphates in small quantities of blood and blood cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  6. (November 1961). "The enzymatic synthesis of thiamine monophosphate". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  7. (September 1981). "Monophosphate, the only phosphoric ester of thiamin in the cerebro-spinal fluid". Experientia.
  8. (August 2017). "Determination of the native forms of vitamin B1 in bovine milk using a fast and simplified UHPLC method". Food Chemistry.
  9. (April 1968). "Thiamine monophosphate, a normal constituent of rat plasma". The Journal of Nutrition.
  10. (February 1984). "Nervous tissue thiamine metabolism in vivo. I. Transport of thiamine and thiamine monophosphate from plasma to different brain regions of the rat". Brain Research.
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organophosphates thiazoles pyrimidines thiamine
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