Tafas

History

Before the Hellenistic era, the goddess Isis Lactans was worshipped in Tafas, as evidenced by the discovery of statuette of her in the town. During the Roman era in Syria, a Jewish community existed in Tafas. Several funerary stelae, the earliest dating to 64 BCE, were found in Tafas. A bronze patera from the Roman era was also found, but it was later stolen from the Mohammedan Museum of Damascus.

Ottoman era

In 1596, Tafas appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya of Bani Malik al-Asraf in the Qada Hawran. It had a population of 73 households and 40 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 40% on wheat (22,500 akçe), barley (2,700 akçe), summer crops (2,000 akçe), goats and beehives (400 akçe), in addition to occasional revenues (400 akçe).

In 1810, Tafas was "ruined" by Wahhabi tribesmen, according to Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. The modern village was founded amid its Byzantine-era ruins in 1838. The first elementary school in the village was built in 1865. In the 1880s, Tafas was described as a moderate-sized village of around 100 stone-built houses inhabited by around 250 Muslims. Some of the houses were in ruins and not inhabited. There was an active Friday mosque. A decade later, it was described as having 90 houses and 400 inhabitants.

Civil war

During the Syrian Civil War, Tafas residents joined the demonstrations burning a police station and the local Ba'ath Party headquarters, three people were killed by security forces. In May 2011, the Syrian Army besieged the town, and arrested at least 250 people there. The town was held by rebel forces from 2012 until 2018, when it surrendered to the government during the 2018 Southern Syria offensive. Clashes between the government and insurgents occurred in January 2021.

Archaeology

There was a square tower, known as a medany, with an elevation of 50 ft and a width of 10 ft with a square-shaped base. It consisted of two floors, each having a window. The tower was attached to a Friday mosque measuring 46 ft by 41 ft. On its western side were terrace-like steps leading to the mosque's roof, which was supported by three rows of columns, each row consisting of four columns, the shafts of which had a height of 5 ft. The entire column stood at 9 ft. In each row, the two center columns stood out independently while the first and last columns were built into the wall. Together with the arches the total height of the mosque's interior space was nearly 16 ft. The mosque was largely constructed sometime during the Islamic era, although there were some architectural elements dating to the Roman or Byzantine era.

References

Bibliography

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References

2. [https://archive.today/20121209065714/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB12-6-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004]. [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria). Syria Central Bureau of Statistics]] (CBS). Daraa Governorate. {{in lang. ar
3. Vermaseren, 1979, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=888UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA192 192]
4. Sartre, 2005, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9y7nTpFcN3AC&pg=PA324 324]
5. Cohen, 2006, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RqdPcxuNthcC&pg=PA247 247]
6. Cook, 2010, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gUZo7Qz6H5AC&pg=PA1096 1096]
7. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 213.
8. Burckhardt, 1822, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=R9N70FsNRNYC&pg=PA657 657]
9. (12 February 2011). ""طفس".. في أحضان حوض اليرموك (Tafas: In the Arms of the Yarmouk Basin)".
10. (1983). "The Geography of Education in Syria in 1882. With a Translation of "Education in Syria" by Shahin Makarius, 1883". Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography.
11. Schumacher, Oliphant and le Strange, 1889, p. [https://archive.org/stream/acrossjordanbein00schu#page/210/mode/1up 210].
12. Schumacher, 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/167/mode/1up 167]
13. (26 March 2011). "Syrian protesters target Baath Party offices". Al Jazeera.
14. (26 March 2011). "Syria tightens control over more urban areas".
15. Schumacher, Oliphant and le Strange, 1889, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/acrossjordanbein00schu#page/210/mode/1up 210]-212.
16. Murphy, 2011, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9vEOsxsI9YMC&pg=PA44 44]